ГЕНЕЗА УНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОЇ АВТОНОМІЇ Й АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ СВОБОДИ

The essence and legal basis for the formation of university autonomy described. The concept, genesis, social and legal nature of academic freedom are defined, its main stages of development are investigated. It is concluded that the most significant challenges for academic freedom today are: massification of education; managerialization of university structures; commercialization of science and education

Realities and Prospects of Knowledge Humanization in the Context of Biotechnological Development

In the article the author describes the transformations provoked by the transition from politics and economics to biopolitics and bioeconomics. The author notes the impact of these changes on the development of modern scientific knowledge (commercialization of science, commodification of the results of scientific research, dehumanization of knowledge in general). One of the article points concerns the ambivalence of the consequences caused by modern trends in the production and use of scientific knowledge. The key contradictions are: the contradiction between the price and value of the human body and life of the individual as such; the contradictions related to the attitude to human and non-human entities. The possibilities of a positive response to new challenges in the development of science and the application of its results are in the field of humanization of scientific knowledge, which is interpreted as strengthening the axiological and ethical components of modern science, overcoming the technocratic and highly professional style of thinking of scientists and specialists. The article gives the assessment of difficulties in solving the problem of humanization of scientific knowledge from the standpoint of classical humanism. The author provides the overview of concepts that are based on criticism of traditional humanism and that let develop ethical answers to modern challenges in the field of humanization of knowledge and practice of its use in conditions of biocapitalism and growing progress in the field of biotechnological development. In particular, the principles of approaches methodologically proceeding from the following orientations, are analyzed: first, based on the denial or preservation of the key pathos of humanism and its principles; second, bringing out the “new” humanism from theistic or secular foundations. Theistic and non-theistic versions of “renewed” humanism, posthumanism and transhumanism are analyzed. The author describes essential difference between posthumanistic and transhumanistic orientation. The author draws a conclusion about the prospects of using these approaches to solve the problem of humanization of scientific knowledge.

COMMERCIALIZATION OF PRODUCTS OF SCIENCE PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

The problems of commercialization of science-intensive products in international markets are identified. The aim is to study the current state of the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy and to analyze innovative technologies and scientific and technological progress in the period of globalization. The expediency of taking into account and ensuring the competitiveness of the state economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0 is revealed. It is noted about the expediency of effectively realizing the export potential for high-tech products. A critical analysis of a number of agreements at the intergovernmental level on cooperation in science and technology is presented. Innovative activity in the period of globalization is analyzed. The problems that have become a threat to the further development of Ukraine's economy are outlined. The need to attract foreign direct investment in order to overcome economic problems is substantiated.

Scientific Practices and the Erosion of Trust

This chapter discusses some social and institutional factors related to the practice of science that cast doubt on the trustworthiness of scientists and thus contribute to undermining the trust that people place in the scientific community and its claims. Specifically, it explores the roles played by the increasing commercialization of science, with its effect on the common good and on conflicts of interests, and by scientific misconduct in eroding public trust. It explains why this occurs and provides evidence to support the claim that trust has, in fact, been undermined as the result of these factors. It also suggests strategies for changing these trust-undermining practices so as to better facilitate and maintain warranted public trust in scientific communities.