Manufacturing the Electric Vehicle: A Window of Technological Opportunity for Southern California

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
C O Quandt
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Technological Opportunity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Automobile Manufacturer ◽  
Vehicle Technologies

The California Air Resources Board has mandated that by 1998 2% of new vehicles sold in California must be zero emission, effectively, electric vehicles. This requirement is largely responsible for the electric vehicle development programs run by almost every global automobile manufacturer that does business in the United States. At present, no single electric vehicle technology, from battery type, to propulsion system, to vehicle design, represents a standard for a protoelectric vehicle industry. In this paper competing electric vehicle technologies are reviewed, leading public and private electric vehicle research programs worldwide are summarized, and the barriers faced by competing technological systems in terms of manufacturing and infrastructural requirements are examined.

Technical Analysis and Research on the Endurance of Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2130-2134
Author(s):  
Xue Bo Yan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Electric Automobile ◽  
Vehicle Technology

With the development and extension of electric vehicle in our country, research on electric vehicle technology becomes a hot topic in recent years. This paper starts with the technical barriers from electric vehicle endurance ability and described the improving methods of electric automobile thoroughly, pointed out the existing problems in the process of application about the methods in this paper. Then put forward the application of solar energy, wind energy technology in electric cars, proposed a research direction for the development of electric vehicle. At last, the paper proposed a research direction for the development of electric vehicle.

Power Analysis of Light Electric Vehicles Using Fundamental Calculations

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
M. Sabri ◽  
M. Rezal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Aerodynamic Resistance ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Motion ◽  
In The Beginning

This paper presents a study of the power needed by batteries to drive an electric vehicle for specific purpose using basic theory and fundamental formulas. In order to develop an electric vehicle, the energy and power requirements of the vehicle in various driving environments need to be estimated. The energy efficiency of a vehicle depends primarily upon the specific vehicle design and the environment in which the vehicle is operated. Basic parameters are set off in the beginning such as car weight and much more comprehensive parameter will developed later such as vehicle cruising velocity. Generally, four forces affect vehicle motion; aerodynamic resistance, rolling resistance, climbing resistance and acceleration power. The total of these four forces will result in an estimation of maximum power needed for the electric vehicle.

scholarly journals IMPACTOS DO CONSUMO COLABORATIVO DE VEÍCULOS ELÉTRICOS NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Da Silva Ornellas
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Collaborative Consumption ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The growth of cities and populations has promoted the increase of income and consequently that of consumption. Some perceive growth in consumption as sign of a society´s development. However, upon analysis of the results arising from the increase of such consumption, it becomes apparent that it does spring both good and poor results, some of which might be irreversible. This consumption has been noted for expanding in both an unbridled and unsustainable manner, giving rise to damaging effects, particularly to the planet. An example of such rampant growth is that of the fleet of vehicles, which leads to increased traffic jams in the City that in turn generates pollutant gas emissions. Given this scenario, Collaborative Consumption - which in earlier days was solely perceived as a regular sharing mode (barter, loan, lease and exchange between people) - is currently being established and disseminated through social networks, mobile devices and geolocation systems, technologies which enable anyone to find available and globally shareable locations, products and services. This movement, which is ever gaining strength and character, alongside electric vehicle technologies, is capable of transforming businesses and the way a society lives and consumes, bringing to light the philosophy of cost reduction and the incentive for passive consumers to become active contributors of a sustainable technology. This study´s purpose is to understand the dynamics of Collaborative Consumption and the impact of adherence to this new movement, on Electric Vehicles.

scholarly journals Comparison and Analysis of GPS Measured Electric Vehicle Charging Demand: The Case of Western Sweden and Seattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Hartvigsson ◽  
Niklas Jakobsson ◽  
Maria Taljegard ◽  
Mikael Odenberger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Driving Patterns ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Charging Demand

Electrification of transportation using electric vehicles has a large potential to reduce transport related emissions but could potentially cause issues in generation and distribution of electricity. This study uses GPS measured driving patterns from conventional gasoline and diesel cars in western Sweden and Seattle, United States, to estimate and analyze expected charging coincidence assuming these driving patterns were the same for electric vehicles. The results show that the electric vehicle charging power demand in western Sweden and Seattle is 50–183% higher compared to studies that were relying on national household travel surveys in Sweden and United States. The after-coincidence charging power demand from GPS measured driving behavior converges at 1.8 kW or lower for Sweden and at 2.1 kW or lower for the United States The results show that nominal charging power has the largest impact on after-coincidence charging power demand, followed by the vehicle’s electricity consumption and lastly the charging location. We also find that the reduction in charging demand, when charging is moved in time, is largest for few vehicles and reduces as the number of vehicles increase. Our results are important when analyzing the impact from large scale introduction of electric vehicles on electricity distribution and generation.

Electrifying Ride-Hailing in the United States, Europe, and Canada: How to Enable Ride-Hailing Drivers to Switch to Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Lazer ◽  
Sadanand Wachche ◽  
Ryan Sclar ◽  
Sarah Cassius
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Transportation Emissions ◽  
Ev Charging

Efforts to reduce transportation emissions through electrification can accelerate their impact by focusing on intensively used vehicles. Vehicles driven on ride-hailing platforms such as Uber and Lyft are intensively used, and their distinct charging patterns can support the development of essential electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. However, vehicles used for ride-hailing are often missed by actions to electrify other intensively used vehicles, and an array of disparately available financial incentives, EV models, and charging options produce a complicated landscape where it is often unclear whether an EV costs more or less than an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle or is suitable for ride-hailing. As a result, in U.S., European, and Canadian cities, the share of EVs among vehicles used for ride-hailing is often lower than or similar to the share of EVs in the overall vehicle stock. This paper identifies the largest barriers that prevent ride-hailing drivers from accessing EVs and analyzes ways that governments, industry and other stakeholders can tackle those barriers. It includes city scorecards that evaluate 10 U.S., European and Canadian cities on their progress towards dismantling these barriers, using an original methodology and data from Uber.

scholarly journals Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1910
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Arif ◽  
Tek Tjing Lie ◽  
Boon Chong Seet ◽  
Soumia Ayyadi ◽  
Kristian Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Ev Charging

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Conductive Charging (CC) are then presented. This is followed by a discussion of EV standards such as charging levels and their configurations. Next, some of the most used optimization techniques for the sizing and placement of EV charging stations are analyzed. Finally, based on the insights gained, several recommendations are put forward for future research.

scholarly journals Beyond the State of the Art of Electric Vehicles: A Fact-Based Paper of the Current and Prospective Electric Vehicle Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Joeri Van Mierlo ◽  
Maitane Berecibar ◽  
Mohamed El Baghdadi ◽  
Cedric De Cauwer ◽  
Maarten Messagie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Battery Material

Today, there are many recent developments that focus on improving the electric vehicles and their components, particularly regarding advances in batteries, energy management systems, autonomous features and charging infrastructure. This plays an important role in developing next electric vehicle generations, and encourages more efficient and sustainable eco-system. This paper not only provides insights in the latest knowledge and developments of electric vehicles (EVs), but also the new promising and novel EV technologies based on scientific facts and figures—which could be from a technological point of view feasible by 2030. In this paper, potential design and modelling tools, such as digital twin with connected Internet-of-Things (IoT), are addressed. Furthermore, the potential technological challenges and research gaps in all EV aspects from hard-core battery material sciences, power electronics and powertrain engineering up to environmental assessments and market considerations are addressed. The paper is based on the knowledge of the 140+ FTE counting multidisciplinary research centre MOBI-VUB, that has a 40-year track record in the field of electric vehicles and e-mobility.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DE POSSIBILIDADES PARA A INTRODUÇÃO DE VEÍCULOS ELÉTRICOS NO TRÁFEGO URBANO DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO: UMA ABORDAGEM POR MEIO DA ANÁLISE MORFOLÓGICA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-21
Author(s):  
Alexandre Silveira Pupo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Political Economic

Fuel market is facing political, economic, social and environmental problems that are fuzzing the future of fossil energy sources and in face of these facts, countries are looking for hybrid and electric vehicles as part of solution in transportation sector due to the fact of electric vehicles use few or no fossil fuel. The objective in this article was to identify options until 2020 to introduce electric vehicle in the urban traffic of São Paulo city and to develop this study the method of literature review in secondary sources was used to present electric vehicle technologies and to identify parameters that were assessed through morphological analysis technique. In morphological analysis, sets of values were defined by the author for these parameters, possible combinations were structured, clearly impractical deployment options before 2020 were discarded and some viable solutions were analyzed in details. These analyses concluded that there are viable options for actual days in São Paulo city, but important requirements regarding technology, politic, market, infrastructure and innovation in products and services still need to be addressed and it is the main reason of electric vehicle remain unnoticed by consumers as an viable option. The challenges are great and the actors who are willing to solve them will find a promising market to explore.

scholarly journals TESTANDO A HIPÓTESE DE EFICIÊNCIA DE MERCADO POR MEIO DE REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO COM AS DEZ PRINCIPAIS AÇÕES DO IBOVESPA DO PRIMEIRO QUADRIMESTRE DE 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-186
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Herling ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Andrade de Lima ◽  
Gilberto De Oliveira Moritz ◽  
Pedro Henrique Marangoni
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Political Economic

Fuel market is facing political, economic, social and environmental problems that are fuzzing the future of fossil energy sources and in face of these facts, countries are looking for hybrid and electric vehicles as part of solution in transportation sector due to the fact of electric vehicles use few or no fossil fuel. The objective in this article was to identify options until 2020 to introduce electric vehicle in the urban traffic of São Paulo city and to develop this study the method of literature review in secondary sources was used to present electric vehicle technologies and to identify parameters that were assessed through morphological analysis technique. In morphological analysis, sets of values were defined by the author for these parameters, possible combinations were structured, clearly impractical deployment options before 2020 were discarded and some viable solutions were analyzed in details. These analyses concluded that there are viable options for actual days in São Paulo city, but important requirements regarding technology, politic, market, infrastructure and innovation in products and services still need to be addressed and it is the main reason of electric vehicle remain unnoticed by consumers as an viable option. The challenges are great and the actors who are willing to solve them will find a promising market to explore.

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