scholarly journals Beyond the State of the Art of Electric Vehicles: A Fact-Based Paper of the Current and Prospective Electric Vehicle Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Joeri Van Mierlo ◽  
Maitane Berecibar ◽  
Mohamed El Baghdadi ◽  
Cedric De Cauwer ◽  
Maarten Messagie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Management Systems ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Battery Material

Today, there are many recent developments that focus on improving the electric vehicles and their components, particularly regarding advances in batteries, energy management systems, autonomous features and charging infrastructure. This plays an important role in developing next electric vehicle generations, and encourages more efficient and sustainable eco-system. This paper not only provides insights in the latest knowledge and developments of electric vehicles (EVs), but also the new promising and novel EV technologies based on scientific facts and figures—which could be from a technological point of view feasible by 2030. In this paper, potential design and modelling tools, such as digital twin with connected Internet-of-Things (IoT), are addressed. Furthermore, the potential technological challenges and research gaps in all EV aspects from hard-core battery material sciences, power electronics and powertrain engineering up to environmental assessments and market considerations are addressed. The paper is based on the knowledge of the 140+ FTE counting multidisciplinary research centre MOBI-VUB, that has a 40-year track record in the field of electric vehicles and e-mobility.

Manufacturing the Electric Vehicle: A Window of Technological Opportunity for Southern California

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
C O Quandt
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Technological Opportunity ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Automobile Manufacturer ◽  
Vehicle Technologies

The California Air Resources Board has mandated that by 1998 2% of new vehicles sold in California must be zero emission, effectively, electric vehicles. This requirement is largely responsible for the electric vehicle development programs run by almost every global automobile manufacturer that does business in the United States. At present, no single electric vehicle technology, from battery type, to propulsion system, to vehicle design, represents a standard for a protoelectric vehicle industry. In this paper competing electric vehicle technologies are reviewed, leading public and private electric vehicle research programs worldwide are summarized, and the barriers faced by competing technological systems in terms of manufacturing and infrastructural requirements are examined.

scholarly journals Simulation of Future Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior—Effects of Transition from PHEV to FEV

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igna Vermeulen ◽  
Jurjen Rienk Helmus ◽  
Mike Lees ◽  
Robert van den Hoed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
Charging Stations

The Netherlands is a frontrunner in the field of public charging infrastructure, having one of the highest number of public charging stations per electric vehicle (EV) in the world. During the early years of adoption (2012–2015), a large percentage of the EV fleet were plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) due to the subsidy scheme at that time. With an increasing number of full electric vehicles (FEVs) on the market and a current subsidy scheme for FEVs only, a transition of the EV fleet from PHEV to FEV is expected. This is hypothesized to have an effect on the charging behavior of the complete fleet, and is reason to understand better how PHEVs and FEVs differ in charging behavior and how this impacts charging infrastructure usage. In this paper, the effects of the transition of PHEV to FEV is simulated by extending an existing agent-based model. Results show important effects of this transition on charging infrastructure performance.

scholarly journals Studying the Formation of the Charging Session Number at Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5571
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gorbunova ◽  
Ilya Anisimov ◽  
Elena Magaril
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Preliminary Calculation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Stations

The energy industry is a leader of introduction and development of energy supply technologies from renewable energy sources. However, there are some disadvantages of these energy systems, namely, the low density and inconsistent nature of the energy input, which leads to an increase in the cost of the produced electric energy in comparison to the traditional energy complexes using hydrocarbon fuel resources. Therefore, the smart grid technology based on preliminary calculation parameters of the energy system develops in cities. This area should also be used to organize the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles, as the electrification of road transport is one of the global trends. As a result, a current task of the transport and energy field is the development of scientifically based approaches to the formation of the urban charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the application flow formation for the charge of the electric vehicle battery. The results obtained provide a basis for building a simulation model for determining the required number of charging stations in the city, taking into account the criteria of minimizing operating costs for electric vehicle owners and energy companies.

scholarly journals Perceived Usage Potential of Fast-Charging Locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Krause ◽  
Stefan Ladwig ◽  
Lotte Saupp ◽  
Denis Horn ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Business Perspective ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
User Perspectives ◽  
Model Point

Fast-charging infrastructure with charging time of 20–30 min can help minimizing current perceived limitations of electric vehicles, especially considering the unbalanced and incomprehensive distribution of charging options combined with a long perceived charging time. Positioned on optimal location from user and business perspective, the technology is assumed to help increasing the usage of an electric vehicle (EV). Considering the user perspectives, current and potential EV users were interviewed in two different surveys about optimal fast-charging locations depending on travel purposes and relevant location criteria. The obtained results show that customers prefer to rather charge at origins and destinations than during the trip. For longer distances, charging locations on axes with attractive points of interest are also considered as optimal. From the business model point of view, fast-charging stations at destinations are controversial. The expensive infrastructure and the therefore needed large number of charging sessions are in conflict with the comparatively time consuming stay.

scholarly journals Future Policy and Technological Advancement Recommendations for Enhanced Adoption of Electric Vehicles in South Africa: A Survey and Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12535
Author(s):  
Mokhele Edmond Moeletsi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Vehicle Adoption ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Alternative Propulsion Systems

There are major concerns globally on the increasing population of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and their environmental impact. The initiatives for the advancement of alternative propulsion systems, such as electric motors, have great opportunities, but are marked by a number of challenges that require major changes in policies and serious investment on the technologies in order to make them viable alternative mobility sources around the world. South Africa has struggled a lot in adopting electric vehicles among all the emerging countries. This is mostly attributed to a non-conducive environment for electric vehicle adoption. This study administered a survey consisting of Likert-scale questions in the Gauteng Province to gather information on people’s views on some of the major concerns around electric vehicle technology. The survey results demonstrated that Gauteng residents perceive electric vehicle price as the main constraint towards adoption of the technology and introduction of government policy towards addressing this challenge would be helpful. Some of the suggested interventions, such as the rollout of purchasing subsidies and tax rebates, received a high level of satisfaction among the respondents. Future initiatives that tackle issues of charging infrastructure network also received high satisfaction. Thus, there is a need for all stakeholders in the South African automotive industry to improve the enabling environment for the adoption of electric vehicles.

scholarly journals IMPACTOS DO CONSUMO COLABORATIVO DE VEÍCULOS ELÉTRICOS NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Da Silva Ornellas
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Collaborative Consumption ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The growth of cities and populations has promoted the increase of income and consequently that of consumption. Some perceive growth in consumption as sign of a society´s development. However, upon analysis of the results arising from the increase of such consumption, it becomes apparent that it does spring both good and poor results, some of which might be irreversible. This consumption has been noted for expanding in both an unbridled and unsustainable manner, giving rise to damaging effects, particularly to the planet. An example of such rampant growth is that of the fleet of vehicles, which leads to increased traffic jams in the City that in turn generates pollutant gas emissions. Given this scenario, Collaborative Consumption - which in earlier days was solely perceived as a regular sharing mode (barter, loan, lease and exchange between people) - is currently being established and disseminated through social networks, mobile devices and geolocation systems, technologies which enable anyone to find available and globally shareable locations, products and services. This movement, which is ever gaining strength and character, alongside electric vehicle technologies, is capable of transforming businesses and the way a society lives and consumes, bringing to light the philosophy of cost reduction and the incentive for passive consumers to become active contributors of a sustainable technology. This study´s purpose is to understand the dynamics of Collaborative Consumption and the impact of adherence to this new movement, on Electric Vehicles.

scholarly journals Are electric vehicles eco-friendly products? A review from life cycle and sustainability perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Niculina Alexandra Grigore ◽  
Claudiu Vasile Kifor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Use Phase

Industry, especially the automotive industry is permanently changing and adapting to the external and internal factors. The appearance of the new types of vehicles – electric vehicles, is a big and important step not only regarding the evolution of the product, but also regarding the advantages of reducing environmental impact. It is promoted the idea that an electric vehicle generates less direct emissions in use phase compared with a conventional one. If we limit to this, we could say that we are dealing with an eco-friendly type of vehicle. The question is, can we extend this idea to the other stages of the life cycle? What about the sustainability of the industry? This article highlights the methods of environmental impact assessment used by researchers for electric vehicles in terms of life cycle and sustainability. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate that even if are a large number of articles addressing electric vehicles, only a small number of them evaluate the electric vehicle from life cycle and sustainability point of view.

scholarly journals A Reference Architecture for Interoperable Reservation Systems in Electric Vehicle Charging

Smart Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405-1427
Author(s):  
Robert Basmadjian ◽  
Benedikt Kirpes ◽  
Jan Mrkos ◽  
Marek Cuchý
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Reservation System ◽  
Stakeholder Requirements

The charging infrastructure for electric vehicles faces the challenges of insufficient capacity and long charging duration. These challenges decrease the electric vehicle users’ satisfaction and lower the profits of infrastructure providers. Reservation systems can mitigate these issues. We introduce a reference architecture for interoperable reservation systems. The advantages of the proposed architecture are: it (1) considers the needs of the most relevant electric mobility stakeholders, (2) satisfies the interoperability requirements of existing technological heterogeneity, and (3) provides a classification of reservation types based on a morphological methodology. We instantiate the reference architecture and verify its interoperability and fulfillment of stakeholder requirements. Further, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept by instantiating and implementing an ad-hoc reservation approach. Our validation was based on simulations of real-world case studies for various reservation deployments in the Netherlands. We conclude that, in certain high demand situations, reservations can save significant time for electric vehicle trips. The findings indicate that a reservation system does not directly increase the utilization of the charging infrastructure.

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