The Classification of Local Authorities in the UK Inner Urban Areas Act 1978

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Population Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels

In the Inner Urban Areas Act (1978), the British government has classified urban areas into three groups each of which will benefit from markedly different levels of financial support. By the use of the indicators said to form the basis of the classification, discriminant analysis is carried out to evaluate the validity of the groupings. Only the rate of population change is found to discriminate strongly between the groups, whereas most of the other variables contribute little to the discriminant function. Overall the groups are found to be not very distinct with strong indications that several areas are not appropriately classified. Doubts are therefore raised about the validity of the classification produced by the government.

scholarly journals Rhetorical uses of precise numbers and semi-magical round numbers in political discourse about COVID-19: Examples from the government of the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652110131
Author(s):  
Michael Billig
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
British Government ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Round Numbers ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper examines how the British government has used statistics about COVID-19 for political ends. A distinction is made between precise and round numbers. Historically, using round numbers to estimate the spread of disease gave way in the 19th century to the sort precise, but not necessarily accurate, statistics that are now being used to record COVID-19. However, round numbers have continued to exert rhetorical, ‘semi-magical’ power by simultaneously conveying both quantity and quality. This is demonstrated in examples from the British government’s claims about COVID-19. The paper illustrates how senior members of the UK government use ‘good’ round numbers to frame their COVID-19 goals and to announce apparent achievements. These round numbers can provide political incentives to manipulate the production of precise number; again examples from the UK government are given.

Energy Consumption in Leisure Centres – A Comparative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-225
Author(s):  
A.J. Griffiths ◽  
P.J. Bowen ◽  
B.J. Brinkworth ◽  
I.R. Morgan ◽  
A Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Band

The Sports and Recreation sector within the UK uses the equivalent of 3 millions tonnes of coal per year to supply the activities demanded by an ever increasing sports conscience society. The government has attempted to stimulate energy efficiency in this sector through the use of good practice guides and case studies. A comparative study was undertaken to analyse the performance of two leisure complexes in the Seven Valley degree day region. One site had double the occupancy rate of the other. It was found that the energy consumption per user was approximately 10 kWh for both sites. However the energy cost per user showed a large difference: for Site A this index was 31p/user compared to 15p/user at Site B. The primary causes of this difference are attributed to variation in energy mix between the two sites, as well as a difference in the price paid for primary fuel. Indices based on floor area of the facilities exhibit similar trends, and furthermore show that both sites were in the high band of energy consumption. This indicated that both sites had the potential to make significant energy-related savings, and a further breakdown of electrical, natural gas and water consumption per site is used to identify these potential savings in a rapidly expanding sector.

Countering Extremism in British Schools?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Holmwood ◽  
Therese O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Expert Witness ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Misconduct ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Schools

In 2014 the UK government launched an investigation into the “Trojan Horse” affair: an alleged plot to “Islamify” several state schools in Birmingham. Twenty-one schools in Birmingham were subjected to snap Ofsted inspections and included in the various inquiries into the affair. The book's authors — one who was an expert witness in the professional misconduct cases brought against the teachers in the school, and the other, who researches the government's counter-extremism agenda — challenge the accepted narrative, arguing that a major injustice was inflicted on the teachers, and they go on to show how the affair was used to criticize multiculturalism and justify the expansion of a broad and intrusive counter-extremism agenda. The government cites the 'plot' in its argument about the need to develop a new counter-extremism strategy that confronts extremist ideology and not just threats of violence. However, the Kershaw Report and some other commentators argue that there was, in fact, no evidence of extremism.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Different Information Sources On Innovation Performance: Evidence From France, The Netherlands And Croatia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Pejić Bach ◽  
Andjelko Lojpur ◽  
Sanja Peković ◽  
Tatjana Stanovčić
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Country Competitiveness ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Information sources are considered a catalyst for innovation improvement, and because of this it is particularly important to learn more regarding their impact on innovation performance. Therefore, the goal of this research is to investigate to what extent the usage of different information sources influences internal and external R&D activities in three countries, Croatia, France and the Netherlands, by employing CIS data, which covers the period from 2006 to 2008. These countries were chosen because of the different levels of their country competitiveness (measured by the Global Competitiveness Index), which permits us to investigate if the usage of information sources has varying impact on their innovation performance. Our results reveal that internal sources, customers, suppliers and universities are important information sources for both internal and external R&D activities in all three countries. However, significant differences are also found. Firms from the Netherlands (which has the highest country competitiveness) use information sources differently, relying on competitors as one of their most important sources of innovation. On the other hand, the government did not have any impact on firms in Croatia (which has the lowest country competitiveness), indicating that this may be the reason for similar countries lagging behind.

Settling the Canadian Colonies: A Comparison of Two Nineteenth-Century Land Companies

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-335
Author(s):  
Anatole Browde
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Government ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Eastern Townships ◽  
The Government ◽  
Canada Company ◽  
Land Companies ◽  
Surplus Population

Two British land companies, the Canada Company and the British American Land Company (BALC), were active during the nineteenth century in settling what are now Ontario and the Eastern Townships of Quebec. Both purchased large tracts of land from the British government, with two goals: to provide funds for the governors of Canada and to relieve Britain of its surplus population. The Canada Company worked closely with the government to meet these objectives, whereas BALC indulged in land speculation and made immigration a secondary priority. One was successful, and the other struggled throughout its existence. Their success or failure was the directresult of how well they dealt with both the changing economic climate and the British and Canadian political situation.

scholarly journals Demografinė situacija Lietuvos kaimiškose savivaldybėse / Demographic Situation in Lithuanian Rural Municipalities

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Erika Čepienė ◽  
Angelija Bučienė
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio

The researchers from Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian economics confirmed that classification of Lithuanian regions by rurality into 5 groups is a more comprehensive method to reveal economic and social differences of the regions than the method used by the government at the present by classifying regions in to the problematic and non-problematic regions (Melnikienė et al., 2011). The object of the research – municipalities of different rurality degree. The objective of this paper – to analyze population density and demographic situation from 2011 to 2018 changes in municipalities of different rurality degree in Lithuania. Our research has revealed, that on average rural municipalities cover area 10 times larger than urban municipalities and 1,2 times larger than semi-urban municipalities. Taking into account population density, natural population change, net migration, old-age dependency ratio in 2011 and 2018, it was found that 10 municipalities are improving, 19 municipalities - unchanged and 16 municipalities - worsening. Keywords: population density, demographic situation, rurality, change.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI DAN REFORMASI HUKUM KELURGA ISLAM DI INGGRIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-173
Author(s):  
Mutmainnah ◽  
Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
British Government ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Case ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Muslim Minorities ◽  
First Time

this paper discusses the existence of family law in the UK which began to be looked at by the government since 2018, with a legal case experienced by one of the immigrants, the British government for the first time recognized the existence of Islamic law. Although the majority of Islamic law in force is still subject to the existing positive legal rules, but this is a special thanksgiving for the Muslim minority in Britain, because since 1970 they want to apply Islamic law to themselves in the country but have always been rejected by the British government, along with increasing their population, it is not impossible to see Britain as a moderate country in this regard. appeal case filed in February 2020 by one of the immigrants related to the problem of his family made Britain begin to pay attention to Muslim minorities, there are even researchers who concluded specifically the English marriage law it is time for reform to cover all the needs of its people

scholarly journals Practical Aspects Regarding Conditions of Closing Traffic and Setting Traffic Restrictions for Both the Execution of Works in Public Roads Area and/or the Protection of Roads

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Vasile Tudor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
The Government ◽  
Signaling Traffic

Abstract Institutions and authorities involved in organizing, structuring and signaling traffic are represented, on one hand, by the Romanian Police through its structures of traffic police as the main body with responsibilities in the field and, on the other, by the administrators of public roads depending on material and territorial competence. The administrators of public roads are those mentioned in the Government Ordinance no. 43/1997 regarding the legal regime of roads, as amended to date, namely: the National Company of Administration of Roads Infrastructure subordinated to the Ministry of Transportation – for national roads, the County Councils – for county roads and the Local Councils – for local interest roads, national or county road sectors, including artwork, arrangements and related accessories, located in built-up urban areas. In their turn, the County and Local Councils operate in the organization and systematization of traffic by both the Commission of Systematization of Roads and the committees of single agreement.

scholarly journals Self-Isolation and Quarantine during the UK’s First Wave of COVID-19. A Mixed-Methods Study of Non-Adherence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7015
Author(s):  
Yolanda Eraso ◽  
Stephen Hills
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Convergent Design ◽  
Different Levels

Self-isolation and quarantine measures were introduced by the UK Government on 12 March 2020 as part of the ‘delay’ phase to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Non-adherence to self-isolation for 7 days after the development of symptoms is considered suboptimal and little is known about adherence to quarantine for 14 days if a co-habitant developed symptoms. This study aims to analyse non-adherence behaviours to self-isolation and quarantine measures by identifying their potential psycho-social and demographic predictors and by exploring people’s accounts of their experiences with these measures. A mixed-methods convergent design was used, comprising an online survey (n = 681) completed by residents in six North London boroughs and qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants (n = 16). Findings identified not accessing community support, lack of control over leaving the house, and lack of perceived benefit and need to follow the rules as behaviours associated with non-adherence to quarantine (42.7%). Non-adherence to self-isolating measures (24.4%) was associated with individuals’ perceived lack of control over responsibilities, lack of control over leaving the house, uncertainty about symptoms experienced, lack of access to tests, and distrust in the Government. Adherence to self-isolation and quarantine could be improved through strengthening perceived benefit to self-isolate with messages emphasising its effectiveness, by implementing a two-way information system to support symptoms identification, and with Government-funded, locally supported packages at different levels (financial, food, and practical needs).

scholarly journals Kajian Terhadap Sila Keadilan Dan Teori Keadilan Berfalsafah Libertarianisme Dari Sudut Pandang Berideologi Pancasila

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Endah Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minimal State ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

Libertarianism is a classification of philosophy which considers freedom as the main perspective that must be honored. With this assumption making libertarianism is often seen as a processed result or new ideas as a more polite cover of anarchism. Libertarianism initiates a society with a minimal state role, as a manifestation of the fulfillment of rights and the creation of justice where the distribution of resources is determined by the ability of each individual through a market mechanism. With this, it is not impossible to cause a disintegration that will adversely affect their social life. Whereas on the other hand, the government, as it has been placed by libertarians, only acts as a stabilizer to monitor and ensure that there are no violations of rights that occur, not as an opening way towards the creation of a country's goals. Deeper, libertarians oppose various regulations and rules that smell of public interest as well as taxes because they are considered another form of covert slavery. This is said because for them, besides causing obligations that must be borne by each individual, government revenues will actually hinder the development and productivity of each individual. Various speculations, new arguments and terms emerge along with the development of ideological strata that claim that libertarians are as they understand them. Thus emerging new terms such as conservative, left-right, contemporary and so forth as a form of division of the libertarian camp. Based on this, it certainly makes them have their own characteristics in the placement of rights and the application of justice.

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