Effect of bolus viscosity on carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption processes: Anin vitrostudy

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 111905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Karthikeyan ◽  
Deepti Salvi ◽  
Maria G. Corradini ◽  
Richard D. Ludescher ◽  
Mukund V. Karwe
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Bolus Viscosity ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

Tiliroside, a glycosidic flavonoid, inhibits carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Goto ◽  
Mayuka Horita ◽  
Hiroyuki Nagai ◽  
Akifumi Nagatomo ◽  
Norihisa Nishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

Protection against developing type 2 diabetes by coffee consumption: assessment of the role of chlorogenic acid and metabolites on glycaemic responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4826-4833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

Coffee chlorogenic acids do not affect carbohydrate digestion directly, but modulate glucose absorption/utilisation, the latter through endogenous/gut microbiota metabolites.

Artocarpus lacucha Extract and Oxyresveratrol Inhibit Glucose Transporters in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matusorn Wongon ◽  
Nanteetip Limpeanchob
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

AbstractReduction of intestinal glucose absorption might result from either delayed carbohydrate digestion or blockage of glucose transporters. Previously, oxyresveratrol was shown to inhibit α-glucosidase, but its effect on glucose transporters has not been explored. The present study aimed to assess oxyresveratrol-induced inhibition of the facilitative glucose transporter 2 and the active sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1. An aqueous extract of Artocarpus lacucha, Puag Haad, which is oxyresveratrol-enriched, was also investigated. Glucose transport was measured by uptake into Caco-2 cells through either glucose transporter 2 or sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 according to the culture conditions. Oxyresveratrol (40 to 800 µM) dose-dependently reduced glucose transport, which appeared to inhibit both glucose transporter 2 and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1. Puag Haad at similar concentrations also inhibited these transporters but with greater efficacy. Oxyresveratrol and Puag Haad could help reduce postprandial hyperglycemic peaks, which are considered to be most damaging in diabetics.

Inhibitory effects of Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne leaf extracts and its triterpene saponin on carbohydrate digestion and intestinal glucose absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 113398
Author(s):  
Wanwisa Srinuanchai ◽  
Rawiwan Nooin ◽  
Pornsiri Pitchakarn ◽  
Jirarat Karinchai ◽  
Uthaiwan Suttisansanee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Triterpene Saponin ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

scholarly journals Flavonoids as Human Intestinal α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Barber ◽  
Michael J. Houghton ◽  
Gary Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antidiabetic Drug ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Acarbose Treatment ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Inhibition Pattern ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion ◽  
Enzyme Source

Certain flavonoids can influence glucose metabolism by inhibiting enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion and suppressing intestinal glucose absorption. In this study, four structurally-related flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol, quercetagetin and galangin) were evaluated individually for their ability to inhibit human α-glucosidases (sucrase, maltase and isomaltase), and were compared with the antidiabetic drug acarbose and the flavan-3-ol(−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Cell-free extracts from human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells were used as the enzyme source and products were quantified chromatographically with high accuracy, precision and sensitivity. Acarbose inhibited sucrase, maltase and isomaltase with IC50 values of 1.65, 13.9 and 39.1 µM, respectively. A similar inhibition pattern, but with comparatively higher values, was observed with EGCG. Of the flavonols, quercetagetin was the strongest inhibitor of α-glucosidases, with inhibition constants approaching those of acarbose, followed by galangin and kaempferol, while the weakest were quercetin and EGCG. The varied inhibitory effects of flavonols against human α-glucosidases depend on their structures, the enzyme source and substrates employed. The flavonols were more effective than EGCG, but less so than acarbose, and so may be useful in regulating sugar digestion and postprandial glycaemia without the side effects associated with acarbose treatment.

Studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of sheep. 5. The effect of hyperglycaemia and of insulin on the rate of extrahepatic glucose assimilation

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Reid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Injection ◽  
Direct Administration ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion ◽  
Glucose Assimilation

Significant increases in the arterio-venous glucose difference have not been observed constantly in sheep either during the hyperglycaemia which follows intravenous glucose injection or during the period in which the blood glucose is falling after insulin administration. It is suggested that the low rate of extrahepatic glucose assimilation at hyperglycaemic levels provides a partial explanation of the relatively slow rate of clearance of injected glucose from the general circulation of ruminants. Blood-glucose curves, obtained after direct administration of glucose into the abomasum, are discussed in the light of these findings, and it is concluded that the rate of glucose absorption from the intestine of the sheep is low compared with the rate in non-ruminants. It is suggested further that hexokinase activity in the extrahepatic tissues of the sheep is relatively low, and that the findings described are conditioned principally by the nature of carbohydrate digestion and metabolism in the ruminant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of seven wild folkloric edible plants from Palestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hawash ◽  
Nidal Jaradat ◽  
Josephean Elaraj ◽  
Aseel Hamdan ◽  
Saja Abu Lebdeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Malva Sylvestris ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio ◽  
Amylase Inhibitors ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

AbstractAlfa-amylase inhibitors are used to reduce glucose absorption by suppressing carbohydrate digestion. The current study aimed to evaluate seven wild edible Palestinian plants’ hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions against porcine pancreatic α-amylase enzyme. The lipophilic fractions of Arum palaestinum, Malva sylvestris, Plantago major, Centaurea iberica, Cichorium endivia, Bituminaria bituminosa, Sisymbrium irio leaves were sequentially separated with a nonpolar solvent hexane, while the hydrophilic fractions of the studied plants were separated with polar solvents ethanol and water. The activity of α-amylase inhibition was carried out by using α-amylase porcine pancreatic enzyme and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method as well as by using Acarbose as a positive control. Among the studied plant’s hydrophilic fractions, C. iberica and C. endivia have the highest porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 12.33 µg/mL and 9.96 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, among the studied plant’s lipophilic fractions, S. irio and A. palaestinum have the highest porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 7.72 µg/mL and 25.3 µg/mL, respectively. In fact, these revealed results were near the values of Acarbose. The hydrophilic fractions of M. sylvestris and the lipophilic fractions of P. major plants exhibit remarkable α-amylase inhibitory activity. Hence, these leaves have a potential for use as regular supplements also; further investigations are required to isolate pure pharmacological molecules and to design suitable pharmaceutical dosage forms with anti-diabetic activity.

scholarly journals Nigella sativa stimulates insulin secretion from isolated rat islets and inhibits the digestion and absorption of (CH2O)n in the gut

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M.A. Hannan ◽  
Prawej Ansari ◽  
Afra Haque ◽  
Afrina Sanju ◽  
Abir Huzaifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Rat Islets ◽  
Isolated Rat Islets ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Gi Motility

Abstract Nigella sativa seeds are traditionally reputed as possessing anti-diabetic properties. As a result, we aim to explore the mechanism of its anti-hyperglycemic activity. The present study uses various experimental designs including gastrointestinal (GI) motility, intestinal disaccharidase activity and inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the gut. The animals used as type 2 diabetic models were induced with streptozotocin to make them as such. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed to confirm that the animals were indeed diabetic. The extract reduced postprandial glucose, suggesting it interfered with glucose absorption in the gut. It also improved glucose (2.5g/kg, b/w) tolerance in rats. Furthermore, treatment with N. sativa produced a significant improvement in GI motility, while reduced disaccharidase enzyme activity in fasted rats. The extract produced a similar effect within an acute oral sucrose (2.5g/kg, b/w) load assay. Following sucrose administration, a substantial amount of unabsorbed sucrose was found in six different parts of the GI tract. This indicates that N. sativa has the potentiality to liberate GI content and reduce or delay glucose absorption. A potential hypoglycemic activity of the extract found in insulin release assay, where the extract significantly improved insulin secretion from isolated rat islets. These concluded present findings give rise to the implication that N. sativa seeds are generating postprandial anti-hyperglycemic activity within type 2 diabetic animal models via reducing or delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the gut as well as improving insulin secretion in response to the plasma glucose.

1913-P: Differences in Glucose Absorption in African American (AA) Patients Presenting with DKA and Severe Hyperglycemia (SH)

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1913-P
Author(s):  
DARKO STEFANOVSKI ◽  
GUILLERMO E. UMPIERREZ ◽  
RAYMOND C. BOSTON ◽  
PRIYATHAMA VELLANKI
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Glucose Absorption
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