Equivalent expression for Yld91 criterion for textured metals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Cazacu
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Expression

scholarly journals Constraint-Referenced Analytics of Algebra Learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot McRobert Sutherland ◽  
Tobin F White
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Algebraic Expression ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Log Files ◽  
Equivalent Expression ◽  
Conceptual Shift ◽  
Algebra Learning

The development of the constraint-referenced analytics tool for monitoring algebra learning activities presented here came from the desire to firstly, take a more quantitative look at student responses in collaborative algebra activities, and secondly, to situate those activities in a more traditional introductory algebra setting focusing on procedural understanding. Procedural skill was analyzed by modeling the complexity of attempts to make equivalent transformations of algebraic expressions. The constraint-referenced analytics system uses log files of student inputs on a classroom network of handheld devices to measure success rate as students make attempts to replace one algebraic expression with another equivalent expression.  The analytics engine produced psychometrically verifiable results. Moving averages of student performance revealed that when students experienced a period of struggle and persisted in attempting similar transformations, an apparent conceptual shift led to subsequent success. Students also responded to periods of struggle by switching to familiar tasks or choosing non-participation.

Importance analysis on failure credibility of the fuzzy structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chunyan Ling ◽  
Zhenzhou Lu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Safety ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Global Sensitivity ◽  
Fuzzy Expected Value ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Equivalent Expression ◽  
Importance Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Extra Assumption ◽  
The Relationship

To measure the effects of the fuzzy inputs on structural safety degree, this paper establishes the failure credibility-based global sensitivity by the fuzzy expected value of the absolute difference between the unconditional failure credibility and conditional one. To establish the failure credibility-based global sensitivity, the conditional failure credibility is firstly defined according to the original definition of conditional event and the relationship among the possibility, necessity and credibility, in which no extra assumption is introduced. After that, the equivalent expression of the failure credibility is deduced, on which the Bayesian transformation of the conditional failure credibility is obtained in this paper. Then, a single-loop method based on the sequential quadratic programming is applied to efficiently estimate the defined failure credibility-based global sensitivity. According to the result of the constructed failure credibility-based global sensitivity, designers can pay more attentions to the more important fuzzy inputs to have a better control of the structural safety degree. The presented examples demonstrate the feasibility of the constructed failure credibility-based global sensitivity and the efficiency of the proposed solution.

Signalling over a Gaussian channel with feedback and autoregressive noise

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolfowitz
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Positive Root ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Gaussian Channel ◽  
Straightforward Manner ◽  
First Order ◽  
Unique Positive Root ◽  
Equivalent Expression ◽  
Optimal Linear ◽  
General Regression

We study in detail the case of first-order regression, but our results can be extended to the general regression in a straightforward manner. An average energy constraint ((1.2) below) is imposed on each signal. In Section 2 we give an optimal linear signalling scheme (definition and proof in Section 4) for this channel. We conjecture that this scheme is optimal among all signalling schemes. Then the capacity C of the channel is (see Section 5) – log b, where b is the unique positive root (in x) of the equation x2 = (1 + g2(1 + |α|x)2)–1. Here a is the regression coefficient, and g2 is the ratio of the average energy per signal to the variance of the noise. An equivalent expression is C = ½log(1 + g2(1 + |α| b)2).

QUANTUM MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF THE ELECTRON–BOSON INTERACTION VIEWED AS A COUPLING THROUGH FLUX LINES: POLARONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 479-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
VOICU DOLOCAN ◽  
ANDREI DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU-OCTAVIAN DOLOCAN
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
Ionic Crystals ◽  
Phonon Interaction ◽  
Electron Phonon Interaction ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Quantum Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Equivalent Expression

By using a Hamiltonian based on the coupling through flux lines between electrons and bosons, we have calculated the electron–phonon interaction energy and the electron–electron interaction energy via bosons in an isotropic medium and in a lattice. We have calculated the correction energy to the electron energy due to the electron interaction with acoustic phonons and we have found that in covalent crystals it is of the order of 0.1 eV. Also, we have presented the results for the weak coupling and strong coupling polarons in ionic crystals. By applying this Hamiltonian to electron–electron interaction via mass less bosons we have found an equivalent expression for Coulomb's law, αℏc/R, where α is the fine structure constant.

scholarly journals Quantifying cellular capacity to identify gene expression designs with reduced burden

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ceroni ◽  
Rhys J R Algar ◽  
Guy-Bart Stan ◽  
Tom Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Heterologous Gene Expression ◽  
Heterologous Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Equivalent Expression ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Cellular Capacity ◽  
Identify Gene Expression

Heterologous gene expression can be a significant burden to cells, consuming resources and causing decreased growth and stability. We describe here anin vivomonitor that tracksE. colicapacity changes in real-time and can be used to assay the burden synthetic constructs and their parts impose. By measuring capacity, construct designs with reduced burden can be identified and shown to predictably outperform less efficient designs, despite having equivalent expression outputs.

scholarly journals THE RULE OF LAW IN INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW VERSUS THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY IN SOUTH AFRICAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: SOME OBSERVATIONS

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radley Henrico
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Indian Constitution ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Equivalent Expression ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Principle Of Legality

The rule of law is expressly mentioned in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The principle of legality has flourished in South African administrative law since its recognition and reception into our law in Fedsure Life Assurance Ltd v Greater Johannesburg Transitional Metropolitan Council 1999 (1) SA 374 (CC). The Indian Constitution does not contain an equivalent expression of the rule of law. Notably, how persons and societies in India govern themselves is premised upon beliefs akin to the rule of law. Moreover, Indian administrative law has been strongly influenced by the theory of the rule of law as advocated by Dicey. Whilst Indian administrative law relies heavily upon the rule of law to judicially review conduct that is capricious, South African administrative law has come to rely on the incident of the rule of law, namely the principle of legality. This contribution inspects some of the reasons why the rule of law is heavily relied on in Indian administrative law – where it essentially mirrors the South African administrative law principle of legality. This contribution also suggests reasons as to why the principle of legality is so prevalent in South African administrative law as opposed to merely the rule of law as employed by the Indian courts in Indian administrative law.

Effects of uteroplacental restriction on the relaxin-family receptors, Lgr7 and Lgr8, in the uterus of late pregnant rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka A. Vodstrcil ◽  
Mary E. Wlodek ◽  
Laura J. Parry
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Relaxin Family ◽  
Equivalent Expression ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Uteroplacental Blood Flow ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The peptide hormone relaxin stimulates uterine growth and endometrial angiogenesis and inhibits myometrial contractions in a variety of species. The receptor for relaxin is a leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein-coupled receptor Lgr7 (RXFP1) that is highly expressed in the myometrium of late pregnant mice, with a significant decrease in receptor density observed at term. The present study first compared the expression of Lgr7 with another relaxin-family receptor Lgr8 (RXFP2) in the uterus and placenta of late pregnant rats. The uterus was separated into endometrial and myometrial components, and the myometrium into fetal and non-fetal sites, for further analysis. We then assessed the response of these receptors to uteroplacental restriction (UPR). Expression of the Lgr7 gene was significantly higher in the uterus compared with the placenta. Within the uterus, on Day 20 of gestation, there was equivalent expression of Lgr7 in fetal and non-fetal sites of the myometrium, as well as in the endometrium v. myometrium. The second receptor investigated, Lgr8, was also expressed in the endometrium and myometrium, but at significantly lower levels than Lgr7. Bilateral ligation of the maternal uterine blood vessels on Day 18 of gestation resulted in uteroplacental restriction, a decrease in fetal weight and litter size, and a significant upregulation in uterine, but not placental, Lgr7 and Lgr8 gene expression in UPR animals compared with controls. These data suggest that both relaxin family receptors are upregulated in response to a reduction in uteroplacental blood flow in rats.

Equivalent Representations in the Learning of Algebra

1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 616-619
Author(s):  
Frances Van Dyke ◽  
Timothy V. Craine
Keyword(s):  
Functional Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Algebraic Representation ◽  
Algebra For All ◽  
The Past ◽  
Equivalent Expression ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Set Of Points ◽  
Graphing Technology

In the past few years, much discussion has taken place about what direction the teaching of algebra should take in view of the NCTM's Standards documents (1989, 1991, 1995), the increased availability of graphing technology, and the movement toward “algebra for all.” Because we view algebra as a language for expressing relationships between quantities and for exploring patterns, we support a functional approach to the subject in which all ideas are put in a context and graphing calculators are used extensively. Within tills framework, however, students who are trying to learn algebra experience subtle difficulties. On the one hand, students fail to recognize the underlying equivalence when the same set of points is represented by a graph or an equation or a table. On the other hand, when given an algebraic representation for a particular function, students fail to see that they can use the rules of algebra to produce an equivalent expression. In both situations, they tend to see changes in form as producing unrelated representations.

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