scholarly journals Simultaneous in vivo measurements of the total hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, and tissue blood flow via hybrid near-infrared diffuse optical techniques

AIP Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 065306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detian Wang ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Ruiqiang Shi ◽  
Liguo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Optical Techniques ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
In Vivo Measurements ◽  
Total Hemoglobin

Evaluation of changes in the haemoglobin of skin and muscle tissue of the calf, as induced by topical application of a nonivamide/nicoboxil cream

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Warnecke ◽  
Thomas Wendt ◽  
Stefan Winkler ◽  
Matthias Schak ◽  
Thorsten Schiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Optical Spectroscopy ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Tissue Oxygen

Topical agents like nonivamide and nicoboxil induce hyperaemisation and increase cutaneous blood flow and temperature. This study aimed to determine the effects of a nonivamide–nicoboxil cream on haemodynamics in the skin and calf muscle, via optical spectroscopy, discriminating between the changes for skin and muscle. Optical spectroscopy was applied in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. The study determined the effect of the cream on changes in oxygenated (ΔoxyHb) and deoxygenated (ΔdeoxyHb) haemoglobin in skin and muscle, as well as on tissue oxygen saturation (SO2) in the skin of 14 healthy subjects. The left and right calves of the subjects were either treated with nonivamide–nicoboxil cream or were sham-administered. NIR spectroscopy allows noninvasive in-vivo examination of the oxygenation of human skeletal muscle. Topical administration of the nonivamide–nicoboxil cream significantly increased the concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation in the skin, as well as the concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin in the muscle of the treated legs after 15 min, but with stronger and faster effects in the skin. The topical application of the nonivamide–nicoboxil cream increased blood flow in (smaller vessels of) the skin and muscle tissues.

Excess oxygen delivery during muscle contractions in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lash ◽  
H. G. Bohlen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Tissue Po2 ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

These experiments determined whether a deficit in oxygen supply relative to demand could account for the sustained decrease in tissue PO2 observed during contractions of the spinotrapezius muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Relative changes in blood flow were determined from measurements of vessel diameter and red blood cell velocity. Venular hemoglobin oxygen saturation measurements were performed by using in vivo spectrophotometric techniques. The relative dilation [times control (xCT)] of arteriolar vessels during contractions was as large or greater in SHR than in normotensive rats (Wistar-Kyoto), as were the increases in blood flow (2 Hz, 3.50 +/- 0.69 vs. 3.00 +/- 1.05 xCT; 4 Hz, 10.20 +/- 3.06 vs. 9.00 +/- 1.48 xCT; 8 Hz, 16.40 +/- 3.95 vs. 10.70 +/- 2.48 xCT). Venular hemoglobin oxygen saturation was lower in the resting muscle of SHR than of Wistar-Kyoto rats (31.0 +/= 3.0 vs. 43.0 +/- 1.9%) but was higher in SHR after 4- and 8-Hz contractions (4 Hz, 52.0 +/- 4.8 vs. 43.0 +/- 3.6%; 8 Hz, 51.0 +/- 4.6 vs. 41.0 +/- 3.6%). Therefore, an excess in oxygen delivery occurs relative to oxygen use during muscle contractions in SHR. The previous and current results can be reconciled by considering the possibility that oxygen exchange is limited in SHR by a decrease in anatomic or perfused capillary density, arteriovenular shunting of blood, or decreased transit time of red blood cells through exchange vessels.

scholarly journals The Vascular Side of Chronic Bed Rest: When a Therapeutic Approach Becomes Deleterious

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pedrinolla ◽  
Alessandro L. Colosio ◽  
Roberta Magliozzi ◽  
Elisa Danese ◽  
Emine Kirmizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
No Bioavailability

The interplay between chronic constraint and advanced aging on blood flow, shear-rate, vascular function, nitric oxide (NO)-bioavailability, microcirculation, and vascular inflammation factors is still a matter of debate. Ninety-eight individuals (Young, n = 28, 23 ± 3 yrs; Old, n = 36, 85 ± 7 yrs; Bedridden, n = 34, 88 ± 6 yrs) were included in the study. The bedridden group included old individuals chronically confined to bed (3.8 ± 2.3 yrs). A blood sample was collected and analyzed for plasma nitrate, and vascular inflammatory markers. Hyperemic response (∆peak) during the single passive leg movement (sPLM) test was used to measure vascular function. Skeletal muscle total hemoglobin was measured at the vastus lateralis during the sPLM test, by means of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Bedridden subjects revealed a depletion of plasma nitrates compared with Old (−23.8%) and Young (−31.1%). Blood flow was lower in the Bedridden in comparison to Old (−20.1%) and Young (−31.7%). Bedridden presented lower sPLM ∆peak compared Old (−72.5%) and the Young (−83.3%). ∆peak of NIRS total hemoglobin was lower in the Bedridden compared to that in the Young (−133%). All vascular inflammatory markers except IL-6 were significantly worse in the Bedridden compared to Old and Young. No differences were found between the Old and Young in inflammatory markers. Results of this study confirm that chronic physical constraint induces an exacerbation of vascular disfunction and differential regulation of vascular-related inflammatory markers. The mechanisms involved in these negative adaptations seems to be associated with endothelial dysfunction and consequent diminished NO-bioavailability likely caused by the reduced shear-rate consequential to long-term reduction of physical activity.

Continuous measurement of tissue blood flow by laser-Doppler spectroscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. H441-H448 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Stern ◽  
D. L. Lappe ◽  
P. D. Bowen ◽  
J. E. Chimosky ◽  
G. A. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Promising Tool

Laser light scattered from tissue in vivo is broadened in line width as a result of the Doppler shift produced by moving red cells in the microcirculation. A feasibility study was carried out to demonstrate use of this effect to measure and monitor tissue blood flow. Light from a helium-neon laser illuminated a 1-mm area of tissue (human skin or rat renal cortex), and the backscattered light was detected with a photomultiplier. The spectrum of the Doppler beat notes was analyzed directly with a digital spectrum analyzer, or processed by analog circuitry to yield a flow parameter based on the root-mean-square Doppler line width. This parameter was compared with 133Xe washout in the skin of volunteers subjected to UV-induced erythema and the skin of volunteers subjected to UV-induced erythema and was found to vary in an approximately linear manner with skin blood flow. The laser instrument provided continuous monitoring of blood flow fluctuations, including the pulsatile component. The instrument was used to monitor flow in the outer cortex of the rat kidney during administration of norepinephrine, angiotensin, hydralazine, dextran, dopamine, nitroprusside, and angiotensin blocked by saralasin. Dynamic and steady-state responses were consistent with known pharmacology and renal physiology, and with the assumption that vasoconstrictor angiotensin II receptors in the kidney are accessible to blood-borne inhibitors. The laser-Doppler method is a promising tool for rapid monitoring of dynamic changes in tissue perfusion.

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