Mitigation of corrosion attack on carbon steel coated cermet alloy in different anion contents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Azrin Mohd Khalid ◽  
Azzura Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Cermet Alloy

Evaluation of the Localised Corrosion of Carbon Steel Overpacks for Nuclear Waste Disposal in Granite Environments

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Marsh ◽  
K. J. Taylor ◽  
I. D. Bland ◽  
C. Westcott ◽  
P. W. Tasker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Metal Thickness

AbstractThe application of carbon steel corrosion allowance containers for the long term encapsulation of HLW or spent fuel requires data on the likely rates of corrosion attack so that the metal thickness needed to prevent penetration can be estimated. This paper describes a joint mathematical modelling and experimental approach to the evaluation of the rate of localised corrosion.

scholarly journals A Field Study of Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel after Short Exposure in Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadang PRIYOTOMO ◽  
Siska PRIFIHARNI ◽  
Lutviasari NURAINI ◽  
Joko TRIWARDONO ◽  
Ahmad ROYANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
West Java ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Chloride Deposition

The investigation of atmospheric corrosion of mild carbon steel as representative of offshore infrastructure has been carried out in the marine tropical of Pelabuhan Ratu, West Java, Indonesia. They are exposed up to 76 days of periods, and their corrosion rates are determined according to ASTM G1-03. The surface morphology, the elemental compositions and compounds were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively.  The environmental parameters of the test site are monitored during exposure, such as air temperature, relative humidity (RH), airborne salinity and dew temperature. Based on the results, the corrosion rates of steels were 2.79 and 2.8 mpy within the 27 and 76 days exposures, respectively. The presence of chloride deposition on the surface of steel can increase the severity of corrosion. Moreover, the detrimental effect of chloride was observed in rust product, which was covered by an oxygen element. The main phases of rust products present were magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3.H2O). Several cracks were observed in the rust layer, which tended to exfoliate and lose adherence and protectiveness from further corrosion attack. HIGHLIGHTS The presence of chloride deposition on the surface of steel can increase the severity of corrosion. The severity of corrosion attack mainly depends on the exposure time and some climatic parameters, such as relative humidity (RH), air temperature and chloride airborne. The uniform distribution of the chloride tends to increase the production of ferrous chloride in high RH condition and the aqueous layer deposited on carbon steel. There are two phases on corroded carbon steel such as hematite (α-Fe2O3.H2O) and Magnetite (Fe3O4) after exposure GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Comparison of Corrosion Rate on Paint Coated and Uncoated SS400 Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Eko Hariyadi ◽  
Mohammad Jufri ◽  
Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Steel Strips ◽  
The Cost

To prevent corrosion in metal, especially carbon steel, always need efforts which considered expensive one. But, compared with costs and losts when the corrosion attack is not properly managed then the cost of efforts is much lower. The most popular method in preventing corrosion attack is by coating of metal which also has decorative objective. In this research, four coating materials were applied to the surface of low carbon steel strips (SS400) and as control uncoated SS400 steel strips were also employed. The steel strips then were dipped into electrolite solution consisted of 30% of consentration of H2SO4, and NaCl soluted in river water for 15 (fifteen) days. After the presetted time was elapsed, the steel strips then examined for lost of mass. It was found that the highest lost of mass was for unpolished uncoated one dipped in H2SO4 with corrosion rate of 4,566.06 mpy. The lowest lost was for paint coated one dipped in NaCl-river water solution with corroion rate of 0.64 mpy.

Effect of Immersion and Green Inhibitor to Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
A. Ismail ◽  
Mohd Fuzaimie Ahmad Fuad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Green Inhibitor

Corrosion is the reaction between the material and the environment that cause degradation of the material. Corrosion reduces the essential properties of materials such as strength, appearance, toughness and life expectancy. Carbon steels are composed of a mixture of metallic iron and carbon and being used extensively in every sector due to good mechanical properties and good cost. However, carbon steel are every susceptible to corrosion attack especially in corrosive environment. The use of inhibitors is one of the best options to protect against corrosion on metals and alloys especially in a closed system. Inhibitor is a chemical substance which can reduce corrosion attack when added into electrolyte. The organic inhibitor used in this study was from banana peel (scientific name Musa sapieutum) to extract tannin-a compound which can provide protective layer on metal [1-3]. The results elucidate that banana peel can be used as green inhibitor on canbon steel, however, the effect only can be seen when added with 10% and more. The immersion test was done to evaluate the effect of corrosion product to corrosion rate. The results explained that corrosion rate fluctuated during immersion period due to developed and dissolved of soluble product into electrolyte. The research provide a set of data elucidate that corrosion product developed on carbon steel cannot provide corrosion protection on carbon steel, however, using green inhibitor in high concentrations which is purely not harmful to environment could prevent corrosion attack on carbon steel.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel and Galvanized Steel after Exposure in Eretan and Ciwaringin, West Java Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Gadang Priyotomo ◽  
Lutviasari Nuraini ◽  
Siska Prifiharni ◽  
Ahmad Royani ◽  
Sundjono Sundjono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
West Java ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method

The investigation of corrosion for carbon steel and galvanized steel has been conducted in the marine atmosphere of Eretan and Ciwaringin Districts, West Java Province. The exposure time of the field test was up to 200 days, and their corrosion rates are determined according to weight loss method. The objective of the work is to elucidate the corrosion behavior of those alloys which is affected by distances from coastline and environmental condition. The magnitude of corrosion rate for carbon steel was 20 times as high as that for galvanized steel in both districts The distance from coastline has significantly affected for the magnitude of corrosion rate, where that both alloys in Ciwaringin is lower than that in Eretan. The deposition of chloride ion in Eretan and Ciwaringin Districts were 4.305 mg/m2 day and 1.863 mg/m2 day, respectively, where the higher chloride ion can tend to increase the corrosion rates. Relative humidity (RH) which is over 60% has essential role for corrosion process as well as rainfall. The uniform corrosion attack was observed both alloys after exposure. The corrosion product phases of galvanized steel exhibits as zincite, hydrozincite and simonkolleite in Eretan as the typical coastline atmosphere phases but not in Ciwaringin. The formation of rust product for both metals lead the decrease of further corrosion attack due to the barrier between metal and environment. The usage of galvanized steel is remarkable to minimize corrosion attack compared to that of carbon steel in tropical coastline.

scholarly journals A Study of the Pitting and Uniform Corrosion Characteristics of X65 Carbon Steel in Different H2S-CO2-Containing Environments

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2537 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Pessu ◽  
Yong Hua ◽  
Richard Barker ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
The Impact

There have been increasing concerns related to the challenges posed by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) corrosion to the integrity of oilfield pipeline steels. In environments containing variable quantities of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and H2S gas, the corrosion behavior of carbon steel can be particularly complex. There is still no universal understanding of the changes in the mechanisms, sequence of electrochemical reactions and impact on the integrity of carbon steel materials as a result of changes in H2S-CO2 gas ratio. The film formation process, film characteristics, and morphology in CO2- and H2S-containing systems are also known to be different depending upon the environmental and physical conditions and this influences the rates of both general and pitting corrosion. Questions still remain as to how the combined presence of CO2 and H2S gases at different partial pressure ratios influence the corrosion mechanisms, as well as initiation and propagation of surface pits. This paper presents an investigation into the overall (i.e., general and pitting) corrosion behavior of carbon steel in CO2-H2S-containing environments. The work explores the impact of changes in ratios of CO2 and H2S partial pressures at both 30°C and 80°C in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. All experiments are performed at atmospheric pressure, while H2S gas content is varied at 0 ppm (0 mol%), 100 ppm (0.01 mol%), 1,000 ppm (0.1 mol%), 10,000 ppm (1 mol%), and 100,000 ppm (10 mol%) in H2S-CO2 corrosion environments. Corrosion film properties and morphology are studied through a combination of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results show that the morphology and composition of iron sulfide formed changes with H2S gas concentration because of the continuous interaction of the corrosion interface with the corrosion media even in the presence of initially formed FeS (mainly mackinawite). This often leads to the formation of a different morphology of mackinawite as well as different polymorphs of FeS. This also has the impact of either increasing or decreasing the uniform corrosion rate at low and higher concentration of H2S gas depending on the temperature. Pitting corrosion is also evaluated after 168 h to determine the impact of increasing H2S content on the extent and morphology of pitting corrosion attack. The results from the pitting corrosion investigation show that increased and severe pitting corrosion attack occurs at higher H2S concentration and temperature. The morphology of pitting corrosion attack is also linked to the changes in the H2S content with an indication of a critical concentration range at which the nature of attack changes from narrow and small diameter pits to severe localized attack. The critical concentration threshold for such transition is shown in this study to reduce with increasing temperature.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Corrosion Attack in Carbon Steel C-1040 Marine Piping System in Two Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Onoriode K. Idiapho ◽  
William E. Odinikuku ◽  
Onomine M. Akusu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Piping System ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
The Impact

The focus of this study was to investigate the impact of corrosion attack in carbon steel C-1040 marine piping system using weight loss method. Two carbon steel specimens (coupons) of cylindrical shape were selected and weighed before they were exposed to two different test solutions (corrosion media) at a concentration of 0.2M and 0.04M in seawater and freshwater respectively at room temperature for eight weeks. The weight loss was taken as the difference in the weight of the coupons before and after immersion in the two different test solutions. The corrosion rates of the coupons were calculated from the weight loss obtained. The experimental result from weight loss method was calculated using engineering equation solver (EES). The weight loss and rate of corrosion of the two coupons varied as higher corrosion rate and weight losses were observed in coupon 2. The weight loss and corrosion rate in 0.2M concentration of coupon 2 in seawater environment increased from 0.04 g to 0.53 g, 0.007133 mmpy to 0.0181 mmpy while coupon 1 showed an increase from 0.01 g to 0.25 g, 0.0035 mmpy to 0.005573 mmpy was observed in 0.04M concentration in freshwater environment. This shows that carbon steel metal was more susceptible to corrosion attack in seawater environment than in the freshwater environment. The micrograph results of coupon 2 before and after immersion in 0.2M of seawater for about 1344 hrs showed evidence of uniform (general) corrosion as the coupon surface was rough and jarring. The grain boundaries of the surface morphology also revealed general corrosion effects on the coupon after immersion as the film present on the surface was cracked as a result of corrosion impact.

scholarly journals EXPECTING OF CORROSION RATE IN A MATERIAL AFFECTED BY DIFFERENCES SOIL TYPE IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Reza Putra ◽  
Muhammad . ◽  
Syifaul Huzni ◽  
Syarizal Fonna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
Reducing Potential

Research has been done on corrosion rates growth in SA 283 material which is influenced by differences in soil types in controlled environments. A283 grade D materials which are carbon steel formed into pipes with a diameter of 30″ which is used to distribute raw water for industrial needs. Weight loss methods that are in accordance with the ASTM G 162 standard have been used in this study. The buried time of the test specimen is 720 hours as one of the variables in calculating the value of the corrosion rate that occurs. The study was conducted at the Laboratory by controlling the soil structure, reducing potential, moisture level, soil pH level so that it did not change. The results of the study on soil types with a potential redox value of 60.6 mV with a pH level of 5.67 showed the greatest corrosion rate in material A283 that is 19.67 MPY or equal to 0.499 mm/yr. The results of this study concluded that the type of soil and its environment greatly affect the corrosion rate of carbon steel, so special attention is needed in protecting the pipe from corrosion attack.

Pyrolytic carbon filaments and associated catalytic particles formed in steel tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Filamentous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

Considerable effort has been directed toward an improved understanding of the production of the strong and stiff ∼ 1-20 μm diameter pyrolytic carbon fibers of the type reported by Koyama and, more recently, by Tibbetts. These macroscopic fibers are produced when pyrolytic carbon filaments (∼ 0.1 μm or less in diameter) are thickened by deposition of carbon during thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases. Each such precursor filament normally lengthens in association with an attached catalyst particle. The subject of filamentous carbon formation and much of the work on characterization of the catalyst particles have been reviewed thoroughly by Baker and Harris. However, identification of the catalyst particles remains a problem of continuing interest. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon filaments and the catalyst particles formed inside stainless steel and plain carbon steel tubes. For the present study, natural gas (∼; 97 % methane) was passed through type 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 plain carbon steel tubes at 1240°K.

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