Measurement of the index of refraction ofμm crystals by a confocal laser microscope – Potential application for the refractive index mapping ofμm scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 053704
Author(s):  
Keisaku Kimura ◽  
Seiichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Index Mapping ◽  
Confocal Laser Microscope

TEM characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Tem Characterization

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

The interaction of a manganese-oxidising bacterium as part of a biofilm growing on distribution pipe materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Murdoch ◽  
P.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Pipe Materials ◽  
Confocal Laser Microscope

The deposition of manganese within a biofilm growing on the surface of high-density polyethlene (HDPE) and polyvinychloride (PVC) was studied over a period of four months. The manganese rich water used in the study was inoculated with a manganese oxidising Pseudomonas spp. The level of Mn2+ in the water was monitored and was found to decrease as the biofilm formation increased. This was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis which showed the detection of manganese was dependent on the presence of a biofilm. After two months a 100% removal of Mn2+ was observed in all the flasks inoculated by the Pseudomonas spp. and manganese micro-nodules, the formation of which were reported in Murdoch and Smith (1999), were being formed in large clusters across the surfaces of both the HDPE and PVC. The manganese peak area from the EDS spectrum analysis of the micro-nodules was significantly larger than was measured in the biofilm when these micro-nodules were absent. The scanning confocal laser microscope (SCLM) images of three-week samples showed high bacterial activity around areas where manganese micro-nodules were starting to form on the pipe surface.

Digital holographic microtomography for high-resolution refractive index mapping of live cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Wei Su ◽  
Wei-Chen Hsu ◽  
Cheng-Ying Chou ◽  
Chen-Hao Chang ◽  
Kung-Bin Sung
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Index Mapping

A Simple Method for Prediction of Effective Core Area and Index of Refraction of Single-mode Graded Index Fiber in the Low V Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angshuman Majumdar ◽  
Satabdi Das ◽  
Sankar Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Exact Results ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
V Region ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractBased on the simple power series formulation of fundamental mode developed by Chebyshev formalism in the low V region, we prescribe analytical expression for effective core area of graded index fiber. Taking step and parabolic index fibers as examples, we estimate the effective core areas as well as effective refractive index for different normalized frequencies (V number) having low values. We also show that our estimations match excellently with the available exact results. The concerned predictions by our method require little computation. Thus, this simple but accurate formalism will be user friendly for the system engineers.

Benchmarking DFT approaches for the calculation of polarizability inputs for refractive index predictions in organic polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 4452-4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atif Faiz Afzal ◽  
Johannes Hachmann
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Index ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Organic Polymers ◽  
Dft Model

We benchmark DFT model chemistries to identify approaches that optimize the balance between accuracy and efficiency for this virtual high-throughput studies of polymers with high index of refraction.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Light Absorption of an Ophthalmic Formulation with Aloe Extracts

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400
Author(s):  
Yimei Jia ◽  
Jicheng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Binary Solution ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Aloe Arborescens ◽  
Absorption Agent ◽  
Ophthalmic Formulation

Aloin and polysaccharide present in extracts of Aloe arborescens Miller were formulated into a binary solution to protect eyes from bacterial infection and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The UVR absorption spectrum was recorded from 190 to 440 nm using a UV spectrometer. The physical properties of the product were examined in terms of its appearance, odor, pH, viscosity, density, refractive index, and stability. The binary solution exhibited three absorption peaks in the UVA, B and C regions, respectively. Such UV absorption capability was attributed to the phenolic chromophores pertaining to aloin. The present study suggested that the formulated binary solution has potential application as an UV absorption agent with built-in antimicrobial activity.

The use of a slit in determining refractive indices with the microscope

1917 ◽  
Vol 18 (84) ◽  
pp. 130-132
Author(s):  
John William Evans
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Critical Angle ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Object Image ◽  
Ordinary Object

Certain optical properties of crystals, and more particularly the refractive index, may be determined either in the directions-image, often referred to as the 'image in convergent light', or in the ordinary object-image in which the object itself is seen. In the former case, in which the index of refraction is 'usually determined by means of the critical angle of total-reflection, every point in the image corresponds to a single direction of propagation of the wave-front through the crystal-structure and to the two corresponding directions of vibration. One of these can, however, be eliminated by the insertion of a nicol in an approximate position, and thus all ambiguity in the determination of the refractive index is removed.

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