We report, to our knowledge, the first optical detection of the main isotopologues of short-chained hydrocarbons. The sensor system is based on photoacoustic (also known as optoacoustic) spectroscopy (PAS, OAS). This technique takes advantage of the fact that absorbed electromagnetic radiation is partially transferred into kinetic energy via inelastic molecular collisions. This is equivalent to a temperature increase of the irradiated volume. If the radiation is modulated, a pressure wave with an amplitude proportional to the concentration of the absorbing molecules is generated, the so called PA (OA) signal. Two continuous wave (cw), thermoelectrically cooled (TEC), distributed feedback interband cascade lasers (DFB-ICLs) with emission wavelengths around 3.33 and 3.38 μm, respectively, serve as light sources. The PA signal is detected with a microphone and phase-sensitively amplified. The new sensor is applied for the stable carbon isotope-selective analyses of methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8). We report first measurements of 12C2H6, 13C12CH6 and 13C2H6 as well as of 12C3H8 and 13C12C2H8, all at approximate room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The listed isotopologues were selected because of their importance for numerous applications from atmospheric and planetary research to natural gas exploration.
Mid-infrared widely tunable single-mode interband cascade lasers based on V-coupled cavities