Short-wavelength optoacoustic spectroscopy based on water muting

Infrared (IR) optoacoustic spectroscopy can separate a multitude of molecules based on their absorption spectra. However, the technique is limited when measuring target molecules in aqueous solution by strong water absorption at IR wavelengths, which reduces detection sensitivity. Based on the dependence of optoacoustic signal on the temperature of the probed medium, we introduce cooled IR optoacoustic spectroscopy (CIROAS) to mute water contributions in optoacoustic spectroscopy. We showcase that spectral measurements of proteins, lipids, and glucose in the short-wavelength IR region, performed at 4 °C, lead to marked sensitivity improvements over conventional optoacoustic or IR spectroscopy. We elaborate on the dependence of optoacoustic signals on water temperature and demonstrate polarity changes in the recorded signal at temperatures below 4 °C. We further elucidate the dependence of the optoacoustic signal and the muting temperature on sample concentration and demonstrate that changes in these dependences enable quantification of the solute concentration. We discuss how CIROAS may enhance abilities for molecular sensing in the IR.

Photoacoustic Detection of Short-Chained Hydrocarbon Isotopologues

We report, to our knowledge, the first optical detection of the main isotopologues of short-chained hydrocarbons. The sensor system is based on photoacoustic (also known as optoacoustic) spectroscopy (PAS, OAS). This technique takes advantage of the fact that absorbed electromagnetic radiation is partially transferred into kinetic energy via inelastic molecular collisions. This is equivalent to a temperature increase of the irradiated volume. If the radiation is modulated, a pressure wave with an amplitude proportional to the concentration of the absorbing molecules is generated, the so called PA (OA) signal. Two continuous wave (cw), thermoelectrically cooled (TEC), distributed feedback interband cascade lasers (DFB-ICLs) with emission wavelengths around 3.33 and 3.38 μm, respectively, serve as light sources. The PA signal is detected with a microphone and phase-sensitively amplified. The new sensor is applied for the stable carbon isotope-selective analyses of methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8). We report first measurements of 12C2H6, 13C12CH6 and 13C2H6 as well as of 12C3H8 and 13C12C2H8, all at approximate room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The listed isotopologues were selected because of their importance for numerous applications from atmospheric and planetary research to natural gas exploration.

Silver nanowires as infrared-active materials for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

We relate SERS from Ag nanowires to absorption and scattering properties using laser-induced optoacoustic spectroscopy.