scholarly journals Elongation of extreme ultraviolet (at 13.5 nm) emission with time-of-flight controlled discharges and lateral fuel injection

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 053306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonao Hosokai ◽  
Takuma Yokoyama ◽  
Alexei Zhidkov ◽  
Hiroto Sato ◽  
Eiki Hotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Time Of Flight

High brightness extreme ultraviolet (at 13.5 nm) emission from time-of-flight controlled discharges with coaxial fuel injection

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 053305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonao Hosokai ◽  
Takuma Yokoyama ◽  
Alexei Zhidkov ◽  
Hiroto Sato ◽  
Kazuhiko Horioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
High Brightness

An Acoustic Time-of-Flight Approach for Unsteady Temperature Measurements: Characterization of Entropy Waves in a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Wassmer ◽  
Bruno Schuermans ◽  
Christian Oliver Paschereit ◽  
Jonas P. Moeck
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Acoustic Pulse ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Unsteady Temperature ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Flow Velocities

Lean premixed combustion promotes the occurrence of thermoacoustic phenomena in gas turbine combustors. One mechanism that contributes to the flame–acoustic interaction is entropy noise. Fluctuations of the equivalence ratio in the mixing section cause the generation of hot spots in the flame. These so-called entropy waves are convectively transported to the first stage of the turbine and generate acoustic waves that travel back to the flame; a thermoacoustic loop is closed. However, due to the lack of experimental tools, a detailed investigation of entropy waves in gas turbine combustion systems has not been possible up to now. This work presents an acoustic time-of-flight based temperature measurement method which allows the measurement of temperature fluctuations in the relevant frequency range. A narrow acoustic pulse is generated with an electric spark discharge close to the combustor wall. The acoustic response is measured at the same axial location with an array of microphones circumferentially distributed around the combustion chamber. The delay in the pulse arrival times corresponds to the line-integrated inverse speed of sound. For the measurement of entropy waves in an atmospheric combustion test rig, fuel is periodically injected into the mixing tube of a premixed combustor. The subsequently generated entropy waves are measured for different forcing frequencies of the fuel injection and for different mean flow velocities in the combustor. The amplitude decay and phase lag of the entropy waves adhere well to a Strouhal number scaling for different mean flow velocities.

Extreme ultraviolet laser/time-of-flight mass spectra of Kr2 near Kr*(4d,5p′,6s)

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 4025-4035 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Mao ◽  
X. K. Hu ◽  
Y. J. Shi ◽  
J. H. Leech ◽  
R. H. Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

Applications of Time-OF-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Bruno Schueler ◽  
Robert W. Odom
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) provides unique capabilities for elemental and molecular compositional analysis of a wide variety of surfaces. This relatively new technique is finding increasing applications in analyses concerned with determining the chemical composition of various polymer surfaces, identifying the composition of organic and inorganic residues on surfaces and the localization of molecular or structurally significant secondary ions signals from biological tissues. TOF-SIMS analyses are typically performed under low primary ion dose (static SIMS) conditions and hence the secondary ions formed often contain significant structural information.This paper will present an overview of current TOF-SIMS instrumentation with particular emphasis on the stigmatic imaging ion microscope developed in the authors’ laboratory. This discussion will be followed by a presentation of several useful applications of the technique for the characterization of polymer surfaces and biological tissues specimens. Particular attention in these applications will focus on how the analytical problem impacts the performance requirements of the mass spectrometer and vice-versa.

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