scholarly journals A North Carolina Field Study to Evaluate Greenroof Runoff Quantity, Runoff Quality, and Plant Growth

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Moran ◽  
Bill Hunt ◽  
Greg Jennings
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Runoff Quality

Life span bias explains live–dead discordance in abundance of two common bivalves

Paleobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Cronin ◽  
Gregory P. Dietl ◽  
Patricia H. Kelley ◽  
Stewart M. Edie
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Mercenaria Mercenaria ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Death Assemblages

AbstractLife span bias potentially alters species abundance in death assemblages through the overrepresentation of short-lived organisms compared with their long-lived counterparts. Although previous work found that life span bias did not contribute significantly to live–dead discordance in bivalve assemblages, life span bias better explained discordance in two groups: longer-lived bivalve species and species with known life spans. More studies using local, rather than global, species-wide life spans and mortality rates would help to determine the prevalence of life span bias, especially for long-lived species with known life spans. Here, we conducted a field study at two sites in North Carolina to assess potential life span bias between Mercenaria mercenaria and Chione elevata, two long-lived bivalve species that can be aged directly. We compared the ability of directly measured local life spans with that of regional and global life spans to predict live–dead discordance between these two species. The shorter-lived species (C. elevata) was overrepresented in the death assemblage compared with its live abundance, and local life span data largely predicted the amount of live–dead discordance; local life spans predicted 43% to 88% of discordance. Furthermore, the global maximum life span for M. mercenaria resulted in substantial overpredictions of discordance (1.4 to 1.6 times the observed live–dead discordance). The results of this study suggest that life span bias should be considered as a factor affecting proportional abundances of species in death assemblages and that using life span estimates appropriate to the study locality improves predictions of discordance based on life span compared with using global life span estimates.

Effects of plant growth and spacing on soil hydrological changes: a field study

Géotechnique ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 867-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Wang Wai Ng ◽  
Jun Jun Ni ◽  
Anthony Kwan Leung
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Hydrological Changes

scholarly journals Arsenic Uptake by Two Tolerant Grass Species: Holcus lanatus and Agrostis capillaris Growing in Soils Contaminated by Historical Mining

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dradrach ◽  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Katarzyna Szopka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Arsenic Uptake ◽  
Historical Mining ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

The study focused on two grass species Holcus lanatus and Agrostis capillaris abundant in the sites of former As mining and processing in the Sudetes. Arsenic uptake from soils was examined to assess a risk associated with its accumulation in grass shoots and to check its dependence on soil fertilization. The research involved a field study and greenhouse experiment. In the field study, soil and plant samples were collected from 33 sites with 72–98,400 mg/kg total soil As. Arsenic uptake by grasses differed widely. Both species indicated a strategy typical for eliminators, although As concentrations in more than 50% of the shoot samples exceeded 4 mg/kg, a maximum permissible value for fodder. In the greenhouse experiment, commercial cultivars of both species were grown in five soils containing 394–19,600 mg/kg, untreated and fertilized. All seedlings died in the soil with highest total As, and considerable phytotoxicity was observed in other soils, particularly in nonfertilized ones. Fertilization resulted in the improvement of plant growth and reduction of As uptake except for Agrostis capillaris fertilized with manure. Further research should focus on identifying tolerant genotypes growing in extremely enriched sites and analysis of factors that will efficiently reduce As phytoaccumulation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Magnesium Soil Test Interpretation for Peanuts1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Schmidt ◽  
F. R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Peanut Production

Abstract Decreasing concentrations of extractable Mg in soils of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production regions of North Carolina have resulted in increased Mg fertilizer recommendations. There is little soil or plant criteria, however, on which to base Mg deficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the yield and Mg status of peanuts relative to the level of soil Mg. Five counties were surveyed for leaf and soil data in 1989–90. Similar data were available from nine counties in 1970–72. A field experiment was also conducted in 1989–90 in an on-going lime and Mg study. Although the 1990 survey data suggested that phosphogypsum usage during the last decade may be reducing Mg levels in the surface soil, leaf Mg was almost invariably above 2.0 g kg-1 for both surveys, reflecting adequate amounts of soil Mg according to current plant analysis standards. In the field study, prior lime and Mg treatments resulted in soil Mg ranging from 0.02 to 0.25 cmolc L-1, but there was no yield response that could be related directly to Mg. Leaf Mg was positively correlated to surface soil Mg, and inclusion of subsoil Mg slightly improved this relationship. The data from these studies indicated that sufficient leaf Mg (above 2.0 g kg-1) was attained when surface soil Mg was as low as 0.06 cmolc L-1 or as low as 3 percent of the CEC. We feel these estimates of the soil Mg critical level for peanut production are high, as there was not a Mg deficiency with leaf Mg as low as 1.5 g kg-1 in the field study.

scholarly journals Application Placement Equipment for Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) Suppression along Roadsides

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis W. Gannon ◽  
Fred H. Yelverton
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Application Placement ◽  
Low Volume

Experiments were initiated during 2003 and 2004 to evaluate application placement equipment for plant growth regulator (PGR) applications along bahiagrass roadsides. Recently designed equipment combine low-volume application and pesticide placement technology. Application placement equipment conceal the image of a traditional spray application. Evaluated application placement equipment included a wet-blade mower (Burch Wet Blade) and rotary-wick applicator (Weedbug™) compared with a traditional broadcast spray. Wet-blade mowers are designed to mow and simultaneously apply a pesticide solution to a cut stem or leaf in a single pass, whereas rotary-wick applicators are designed to wick a solution onto foliage. Evaluated PGRs included imazapic (9, 35, or 53 g ha−1) and sulfometuron-methyl (26 g ha−1). Bahiagrass injury varied with application placement equipment and was greater with rotary-wick applications in 2003, compared with foliar broadcast applications and the wet-blade mower. Bahiagrass seedhead suppression ranged from 31 to 60% with application placement equipment in July 2003 compared with 93% for a broadcast spray. In 2004, rotary wick- or broadcast-applied PGRs provided excellent (> 90%) seedhead suppression. Although application placement equipment may have advantages to broadcast-spray applications, evaluated equipment did not enhance bahiagrass suppression along roadsides in North Carolina compared with a foliar broadcast spray. Additional research is needed to determine if this type of application may provide consistent results with other species and compounds.

scholarly journals Development of a Seedling-applied Antitranspirant Formulation to Enhance Water Status, Growth, and Yield of Transplanted Bell Pepper

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nitzsche ◽  
Gerald A. Berkowitz' ◽  
Jack Rabin
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Transplant Shock

The objective of this research was to develop an effective antitranspirant formulation for reducing transplant shock (transitory water stress) in bell pepper (Capsicm annuum L.) seedlings. A formulation with a paraffin wax emulsion (Folicote at 5%) and a spreader/sticker type surfactant (Biofilm at 0.5%) was effective as an antitranspirant. This formulation was less phytotoxic than other formulations tested. Application of the formulation led to increased leaf water potential (Ψ w) i in transplanted seedlings for several days as compared with untreated transplants. When this, (relatively) nonphytotoxic formulation was used in a field study for 1 year, increased seedling Ψ w during a period of imposed water stress led to less leaf abscission and increased plant growth throughout the growing season. Chemical names used: alkylarylpolyethoxyethanol (Biofilm).

scholarly journals Established `Tifblue' Rabbiteye Blueberries Respond to Irrigation and Fertilization

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Complete Fertilizer

The effects of varying rates of a complete fertilizer and irrigation on the growth and fruit yields of `Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) established 3 years before treatment initiation were determined in a field study. Increased rates of irrigation resulted in increased plant growth and fruit yields. Five- and 6-year-old plants were more responsive to increasing irrigation rates than older plants. Irrigation water efficacy was greatest at lower rates and progressively less at higher rates of irrigation. Five- and 6-year-old plants fertilized with the lowest rate (14N–4P–7K; 150 g/plant) grew and yielded less than those fertilized with higher rates. Older plants did not respond to fertilization rates higher than 150 g/plant. Yearly rates of fertilization above 300 g/plant did not influence plant growth or fruit yields. Fertilization and irrigation responses were independent.

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