scholarly journals Structure and dynamics of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) population in forest communities of the Świętokrzyski National Park. II. Population dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
National Park ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Świętokrzyski National Park ◽  
Phase Population

The paper presents the dynamics of silver fir population, and forecasts the changes in its size. The studies were conducted within the area of fir decline, in a fir forest and Carpathian beechwood. Changes in the size of following groups were illustrated in diagrammatic life-tables: i.e. seedlings, new growth, up-growth, and trees. The direction and rate of expected changes in the population was inferred from the matrix model. The studies showed that the population was in a regression phase. Population growth rate λ amounted to 0.83.

scholarly journals Structure and dynamics of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) population in forest communities of the Świętokrzyski National Park. I. The population structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Age Pyramid ◽  
Świętokrzyski National Park ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Population Regeneration

The paper presents the spatial, age and size structures of individuals in silver fir population. The studies were conducted in fir forest and Carpathian beechwood. It was found that fir trees were distributed randomly, whereas seedlings, new growth and up-growth had clumped distribution. The growth and development of individuals in aggregations and outside them were analysed. The stress was put on the impact of spatial structure on the process of population regeneration. Age pyramid was flat with its base very wide. About 40% of trees in the population were dead.

scholarly journals Impact of population dynamics of white mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. abietis) on European silver fir (Abies alba)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Philipp Noetzli ◽  
Beat M�ller ◽  
Thomas Niklaus Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Silver Fir

scholarly journals Breeding transients in capture–recapture modeling and their consequences for local population dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Oro ◽  
Daniel F. Doak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Environmental Stochasticity ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
First Reproduction ◽  
Capture Recapture

Abstract Standard procedures for capture–mark–recapture modelling (CMR) for the study of animal demography include running goodness-of-fit tests on a general starting model. A frequent reason for poor model fit is heterogeneity in local survival among individuals captured for the first time and those already captured or seen on previous occasions. This deviation is technically termed a transience effect. In specific cases, simple, uni-state CMR modeling showing transients may allow researchers to assess the role of these transients on population dynamics. Transient individuals nearly always have a lower local survival probability, which may appear for a number of reasons. In most cases, transients arise due to permanent dispersal, higher mortality, or a combination of both. In the case of higher mortality, transients may be symptomatic of a cost of first reproduction. A few studies working at large spatial scales actually show that transients more often correspond to survival costs of first reproduction rather than to permanent dispersal, bolstering the interpretation of transience as a measure of costs of reproduction, since initial detections are often associated with first breeding attempts. Regardless of their cause, the loss of transients from a local population should lower population growth rate. We review almost 1000 papers using CMR modeling and find that almost 40% of studies fitting the searching criteria (N = 115) detected transients. Nevertheless, few researchers have considered the ecological or evolutionary meaning of the transient phenomenon. Only three studies from the reviewed papers considered transients to be a cost of first reproduction. We also analyze a long-term individual monitoring dataset (1988–2012) on a long-lived bird to quantify transients, and we use a life table response experiment (LTRE) to measure the consequences of transients at a population level. As expected, population growth rate decreased when the environment became harsher while the proportion of transients increased. LTRE analysis showed that population growth can be substantially affected by changes in traits that are variable under environmental stochasticity and deterministic perturbations, such as recruitment, fecundity of experienced individuals, and transient probabilities. This occurred even though sensitivities and elasticities of these parameters were much lower than those for adult survival. The proportion of transients also increased with the strength of density-dependence. These results have implications for ecological and evolutionary studies and may stimulate other researchers to explore the ecological processes behind the occurrence of transients in capture–recapture studies. In population models, the inclusion of a specific state for transients may help to make more reliable predictions for endangered and harvested species.

scholarly journals Contrasting effects of climate on grey heron, malleefowl and barn owl populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Boyle ◽  
Jim Hone
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Grey Heron

Context The population dynamics of many wildlife species are associated with fluctuations in climate. Food and abundance may also influence wildlife dynamics. Aims The present paper aims to evaluate the relative effects of climate on the annual instantaneous population growth rate (r) of the following three bird species: grey heron and barn owl in parts of Britain and malleefowl in a part of Australia. Methods A priori hypotheses of mechanistic effects of climate are derived and evaluated using information theoretic and regression analyses and published data for the three bird species. Climate was measured as the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) for herons and owls, and rainfall and also the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for malleefowl. Key results Population dynamics of grey heron were positively related to the winter NAO, and of malleefowl were positively related to annual rainfall and related in a non-linear manner to SOI. By contrast, population dynamics of barn owl were very weakly related to climate. The best models for the grey heron differed between time periods but always included an effect of the NAO. Conclusions The annual population growth rate of grey heron, malleefowl and barn owl show contrasting relationships with climate, from stronger (heron and malleefowl) to weaker (barn owl). The results were broadly consistent with reported patterns but differed in some details. Interpretation of the effects of climate on the basis of analyses rather than visual assessment is encouraged. Implications Effects of climate differ among species, so effects of future climate change may also differ.

scholarly journals Population growth rates: issues and an application

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1425) ◽  
pp. 1307-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Mark Rees
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Population Growth Rates

Current issues in population dynamics are discussed in the context of The Royal Society Discussion Meeting 'Population growth rate: determining factors and role in population regulation'. In particular, different views on the centrality of population growth rates to the study of population dynamics and the role of experiments and theory are explored. Major themes emerging include the role of modern statistical techniques in bringing together experimental and theoretical studies, the importance of long-term experimentation and the need for ecology to have model systems, and the value of population growth rate as a means of understanding and predicting population change. The last point is illustrated by the application of a recently introduced technique, integral projection modelling, to study the population growth rate of a monocarpic perennial plant, its elasticities to different life-history components and the evolution of an evolutionarily stable strategy size at flowering.

Population Dynamics of Crenate Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in Faba Bean (Vicia faba)

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Lopez-Granados ◽  
Luis Garcia-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Spatial Dispersion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Progression of crenate broomrape population density (PD, number of emerged plants m-2) in faba bean was studied over 8 yr in Spain. Spatial dispersion and effect of climatic conditions on parasite population growth rate (PGR) also were studied. With repeated cropping of faba bean, infestations of crenate broomrape increased from an initial PD of 0.15 to an average of 26, with a maximum of about 40 to 45. The average population growth rate (PGR, ratio between the PD of any 2 consecutive years) was approximately 3. However, this figure varied widely among localities and years, from 0.8 to 7.7. A highly significant relationship (P = 0.01) was found between PGR and rainfall and soil temperatures during December to February, months of crop vegetative growth. Dispersion of crenate broomrape infestations mainly followed direction of crop rows, most likely due to the effect of tillage and harvesting operations, which were the same direction as sowing.

Response of non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to 15 years of harvest in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2132-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Syslo ◽  
Christopher S. Guy ◽  
Patricia E. Bigelow ◽  
Philip D. Doepke ◽  
Brian D. Ertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout

Introduced lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) threaten to extirpate native Yellowstone cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri ) in the 34 000 ha Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Suppression (and eventual eradication) of the lake trout population is deemed necessary for the conservation of Yellowstone cutthroat trout. A US National Park Service gill-netting program removed nearly 450 000 lake trout from Yellowstone Lake from 1995 through 2009. We examined temporal variation in individual growth, body condition, length and age at maturity, fecundity, mortality, and population models to assess the efficacy of the lake trout suppression program. Population metrics did not indicate overharvest despite more than a decade of fish removal. The current rate of population growth is positive; however, it is lower than it would be in the absence of lake trout suppression. Fishing effort needs to increase above observed levels to reduce population growth rate below replacement. Additionally, high sensitivity of population growth rate to reproductive vital rates indicates that increasing fishing mortality for sexually mature lake trout may increase the effectiveness of suppression. Lake trout suppression in Yellowstone Lake illustrates the complexities of trying to remove an apex predator to restore a relatively large remote lentic ecosystem with a simple fish assemblage.

scholarly journals The ‘Tisovik’ reserve of Silver fir in the Belarusian national park ‘Belavezhskaya Pushcha’

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Adolf F. Korczyk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Abstract Silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) of natural origin occurring in the Belorussian part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest constitute an enclave situated 120 km to the north-east of a dense fir stand in the Polish part of the forest. In order to protect this population a reserve called ‘Tisovik’ was established. In this study, plant communities occurring in the ‘Tisovik’ reserve were described and its fir population (20 trees) was characterised in terms of its genetic structure.

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