scholarly journals Bacteria as agents of biocontrol of phytopathogens after laser stimulation and of their metabolites’ impact on plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Marina V. Maslova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Grosheva ◽  
Andrey V. Budagovsky ◽  
Olga. N. Budagovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Laser Stimulation ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

The problem of increasing activity of phytopathogen antagonist bacteria under the influence of laser irradiation is considered in this paper. Studies on Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens from various plant protection products have shown that use of laser irradiation leads to an increase in the number of cells in bacterial suspensions. This indicator increased to a maximum of two times at effective exposures in comparison with the non-irradiated variants. That was justification for the need to study the nature of the impact of excessive content of metabolites in the substrate synthesized by such a quantity of bacteria from biological products, which is 2 or more times higher than the number of cells in the standard solutions. With a twofold and fourfold increase in the concentration of metabolites of the studied bacteria compared to their standard content in the medium, the photosynthetic activity of cucumber microplants increased by more than 32%. This suggests that laser stimulation of bacteria – agents of biocontrol of diseases does not adversely affect the functional state of plants.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Persistence of Movento® Treatment against Myzus persicae and the Transmission of Aphid-Borne Viruses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Thomas Armand ◽  
Luâna Korn ◽  
Elodie Pichon ◽  
Marlène Souquet ◽  
Mélissandre Barbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Neonicotinoids are widely used to protect fields against aphid-borne viral diseases. The recent ban of these chemical compounds in the European Union has strongly impacted rapeseed and sugar beet growing practices. The poor sustainability of other insecticide families and the low efficiency of prophylactic methods to control aphid populations and pathogen introduction strengthen the need to characterize the efficiency of new plant protection products targeting aphids. In this study, the impact of Movento® (Bayer S.A.S., Leverkusen, Germany), a tetrameric acid derivative of spirotetramat, on Myzus persicae and on viral transmission was analyzed under different growing temperatures. The results show (i) the high efficiency of Movento® to protect rapeseed and sugar beet plants against the establishment of aphid colonies, (ii) the impact of temperature on the persistence of the Movento® aphicid properties and (iii) a decrease of approximately 10% of the viral transmission on treated plants. These observations suggest a beneficial effect of Movento® on the sanitary quality of treated crops by directly reducing primary infections and indirectly altering, through aphid mortality, secondary infections on which the spread of disease within field depends. These data constitute important elements for the future development of management strategies to protect crops against aphid-transmitted viruses.

scholarly journals Plant protection products in organic grapevine growing

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislava Sivcev ◽  
Ivan Sivcev ◽  
Zorica Rankovic-Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
The Impact

Pests and grapevine diseases in organic production are suppressed by preventive measures with a view to reducing the impact of the attack. Allowed substances acting on patogenous fungi, insects, mites and other harmful organisms are used, if appropriate. Insecticides of plant origin are used in the organic production of grapevine, as well as vegetable oils, powders and insecticidal soaps that are selective, with a narrow range of effects and of lower toxicity, as well as biological products. As a rule, such plant protection products require a more frequent application. Copper-based and sulphur-based fungicides are still leading products in suppressing grapevine diseases. Researches are directed to decrease the quantity of application and to find their replacement by also efficient fungicides. A special emphasis is put on researching the efficient fungicides for suppressing Botrytis bunch rot and factors causing grapevine wood diseases (Esca and Eutypa) in organic production. Along with copper and sulphur, different substances such as bicarbonates, plant extracts and oils, biological products being parasites, patogenous or diseases agent antagonists, and natural products such as milk and whey are applied in the organic production of grapevine.

THE IMPACT OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL STRATEGY ON SECURITY IN THE SUPPLY OF NATIVE PLANT PROTEIN FOR ANIMAL FEED IN POLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (3) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Michał Jerzak
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to indicate the potential impact of the European Green Deal strategy’s solutions on the production of native protein crops for animal feed and its role in achieving sovereignty in the supply of this raw material in Poland. Self-sufficiency in the supply of plant protein is a concern that has been recognized and widely discussed in the national and European scientific community among practitioners involved in the production of livestock feed and, above all, among politicians of the European Commission, which decides the final shape of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The strategy adopted by the European Commission, referred to as the European Green Deal, proposes restrictions on the use of plant protection products and mineral fertilizers. This will not take place without having an impact on production and the economic situation in agriculture. The research was conducted based on Statistics Poland data and the results of scientific studies. It was concluded that the implementation of the proposed strategy could be a factor that activates the production of native leguminous plants due to their nitrogen-fixing properties. Consequently, this may contribute to an increase in the production of native plant protein for animal feed, and thus to a greater sovereignty in the supply of this raw material for feed purposes.

scholarly journals On the Use of UAVs with a Slantrange Sensor System for Estimation of Crop Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Natalia Pasichnyk ◽  
Serhii Lienkov ◽  
Sergey Shvorov ◽  
Larysa Komarova ◽  
Dmytro Komarchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Computer Training ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Distribution Of Stress ◽  
The Impact

The article addresses applied aspects of using UAVs for monitoring winter wheat crops to assess the aftereffects of herbicides remaining on the culture of the predecessor. The issue has a local specificity related to inconsistencies of plant cultivation technologies and the inadequate study of the impact of modern plant protection products in domestic soil conditions. Restoring the crop yields is possible by timely identification of the causes of stress, but the time for decision-making is limited. This time can be reduced by state-of-the-art monitoring technologies applied at industrial scale. Laboratory studies using phyto cameras and spectral and spectral-spatial monitoring methods unambiguously testified to the stress caused by the aftereffect of herbicides, but did not allow to establish clear criteria. Therefore, we conducted field studies using UAV-mounted Slantrange complex and analyzing the DJI Matrice 200 to define the distribution of stress areas on the field. It was found that the reliability of monitoring data can increased computer data processing and computer training in the search for correlation links between the distribution of stress plants in the field and the implementation of technological operations, terrain topography, etc.

Impact of Brexit on Zonal Approval Procedures and Mutual Recognition Procedures in Plant Protection Legislation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alexander KOOF
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

On 29 March 2017, the UK made use of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and thus initiated its withdrawal from the European Union. As a result, the UK left the European Union on 31 January 2020 (23:00 UTC). This paper provides a legal assessment of the impact of the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) on zonal authorisation and mutual recognition procedures regarding the authorisation of plant protection products. Many legal issues are unclear in this respect due to the lack of European and national case law. The German Administrative Court of Braunschweig had to decide in an urgent procedure on the effects of Brexit with regards to the authorisation of a plant protection product in the mutual recognition procedure.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Pesticide Droplet Deposition with a Novel Capacitance Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
Mingxiong Ou ◽  
Chen Gong ◽  
Weidong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Sensor Surface ◽  
Droplet Deposition ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Capacitance Sensor ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
The Impact

Rapid detection of spraying deposit can contribute to the precision application of plant protection products. In this study, a novel capacitor sensor system was implemented for measuring the spray deposit immediately after herbicide application. Herbicides with different formulations and nozzles in different mode types were included to test the impact on the capacitance of this system. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between the deposit mass and the digital voltage signals of the capacitance on the sensor surface with spray droplets. The linear models were similar for water and the spray mixtures with non-ionized herbicides usually in formulations of emulsifiable concentrates and suspension concentrates. However, the ionized herbicides in formulation of aqueous solutions presented a unique linear model. With this novel sensor, it is possible to monitor the deposit mass in real-time shortly after the pesticide application. This will contribute to the precision application of plant protection chemicals in the fields.

scholarly journals The selection and co-selection of antimicrobial resistance by non-antibiotic drugs and plant protection products

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Murray ◽  
Alistair Boxall ◽  
Jason Snape ◽  
William Gaze ◽  
Aimee Murray
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Community Growth ◽  
The Impact

Non-antibiotic compounds including metals and biocides co-select for clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Presently, there is little research looking at the effects of plant protection products (PPPS) such as herbicides and insecticides on the development and spread of resistance. Agricultural activities require the direct application of PPPs in large quantities and at high concentrations to soil. These chemicals are applied alongside antibiotics and manures which may contain antibiotic residues, other selective agents and resistant bacteria. The selection pressure exerted by this mixture of chemicals may result in enrichment of resistant bacteria and/or the exchange of resistance genes between environmental and clinically relevant bacteria. The impact of these chemicals on AMR and microbial diversity in terrestrial environments is poorly understood. PPPs from different substance groups were tested for antimicrobial activity using the SELECT method developed by Murray et al. (2019; under review). In this method, bacterial communities were exposed to PPPs and selective concentrations were identified by a significant reduction in community growth. Results from these experiments determined the concentration at which long term evolution experiments were carried out in soil microcosms. Selection for AMR was investigated using metagenomic analysis and targeted real-time PCR.

scholarly journals Effect of plant protection on assemblages of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in beetroot crops in four-year rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kosewska ◽  
Katarzyna Nijak ◽  
Mariusz Nietupski ◽  
Renata Kędzior
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Ground beetles (Col., Carabidae) are common predators in agrocenoses. A number of plant pests occurring on arable fields become their feed. Therefore, they contribute to a natural reduction of the occurrence of pests. In addition, they are well-known bioindicators used, among others to determine the state of the habitats and the impact of human activity on entomofauna. In the fields, the use of chemical plant protection products is a very controversial activity. The aim of the study was to investigate assemblages of ground beetles occupying conventional and organic sugar beetroot crops. Therefore, to determine the impact of the application of pesticides on the assemblages of these useful beetles was made. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Winna Góra near Środa Wielkopolska in Poland from May till September of 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016. The experiment was carried out in the field with organic crop of sugar beet, and in the crop, for which an integrated plant protection programme was planned. The area of each field was 0.5 ha. Modified Barber traps were used to catch insects. On each of the selected fields 10 pitfalls were set up, which were emptied every 14 days. Within 4 years of the study a total of 11865 specimens belonging to 52 ground beetle species were recorded. 5582 specimens belonging to 50 species and 6283 specimens belonging to 46 species were caught in the fields under chemical protection and organic, respectively. On a multiannual scale, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of individuals and species of Carabidae on conventional and organic fields. Fluctuation in ground beetles abundance and species richness were observed dependent on the year of study but not of the treatment. Harpalus rufipes was the most represented species in all fields. The main conclusion is that using chemical plant protection on a multiannual scale does not adversely affect the number and species richness of ground beetles.

scholarly journals Ecological evaluation of technologies for application of plant protection measures by spraying method

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00042
Author(s):  
Anatolij Lysov ◽  
Timur Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Impact

The biological and economic effectiveness of plant protection measures depends not only on the correct choice of pesticide, but also on the quality of its application to the processed target objects. The article discusses the results of assessing the quality of applying herbicides by spraying using low-volume spraying technology, ULV spraying without forced and forced precipitation of small droplets, and treatment with cold aerosol. To assess the impact of the quality of the application of plant protection products on the environmental safety of the use of herbicides, two main indicators were used: – uniform distribution of the working fluid over the treated area: – the amount of drift of small drops from the treatment area. The analysis of methodological approaches and regulatory documents for assessing the potential risk of pesticides for the environment in European countries and in Russia is given.Based on the obtained experimental data on the coefficients of variation in the distribution of the drug over the effective coverage width, an expert assessment of the drug overuse was carried out using various technologies. An expert assessment of the drift of small drops of the working fluid from the treatment zone was also carried out. A comparative assessment of technologies was carried out according to the indicated environmental safety indicators for the use of the herbicide Gezagard WP on potato plantings.

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