scholarly journals Plant protection products in organic grapevine growing

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislava Sivcev ◽  
Ivan Sivcev ◽  
Zorica Rankovic-Vasic

Pests and grapevine diseases in organic production are suppressed by preventive measures with a view to reducing the impact of the attack. Allowed substances acting on patogenous fungi, insects, mites and other harmful organisms are used, if appropriate. Insecticides of plant origin are used in the organic production of grapevine, as well as vegetable oils, powders and insecticidal soaps that are selective, with a narrow range of effects and of lower toxicity, as well as biological products. As a rule, such plant protection products require a more frequent application. Copper-based and sulphur-based fungicides are still leading products in suppressing grapevine diseases. Researches are directed to decrease the quantity of application and to find their replacement by also efficient fungicides. A special emphasis is put on researching the efficient fungicides for suppressing Botrytis bunch rot and factors causing grapevine wood diseases (Esca and Eutypa) in organic production. Along with copper and sulphur, different substances such as bicarbonates, plant extracts and oils, biological products being parasites, patogenous or diseases agent antagonists, and natural products such as milk and whey are applied in the organic production of grapevine.

Gradus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Endre Pölös ◽  
Csaba Szabó ◽  
András Palkovics ◽  
Fernanda Delgado

In our experiment, we used allelochemicals in vegetable production that can be incorporated in part or in whole into integrated pest management or in organic production. The plant extracts we used can be applied to the crop in the same way as conventional pesticides. Correlations can be found between the allelochemicals that we used in plant protection, the positive change in the average yield, the reduction of harmful organisms and the health status of the cultivated plants. Bioherbicide has been shown to be an effective weed control containing allelochemicals that inhibit photosynthesis.Extracts of extremely hot chili pepper (Capsicum annuum ssp.) varieties, aqueous solutions of essential oils of herbs and spices were used for plant protection in tomato plantations under open field conditions. The results show that chili pepper extract is a strong repellent, and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil solution has a repellent, fungicidal and bactericidal effect at the same time.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Thomas Armand ◽  
Luâna Korn ◽  
Elodie Pichon ◽  
Marlène Souquet ◽  
Mélissandre Barbet ◽  
...  

Neonicotinoids are widely used to protect fields against aphid-borne viral diseases. The recent ban of these chemical compounds in the European Union has strongly impacted rapeseed and sugar beet growing practices. The poor sustainability of other insecticide families and the low efficiency of prophylactic methods to control aphid populations and pathogen introduction strengthen the need to characterize the efficiency of new plant protection products targeting aphids. In this study, the impact of Movento® (Bayer S.A.S., Leverkusen, Germany), a tetrameric acid derivative of spirotetramat, on Myzus persicae and on viral transmission was analyzed under different growing temperatures. The results show (i) the high efficiency of Movento® to protect rapeseed and sugar beet plants against the establishment of aphid colonies, (ii) the impact of temperature on the persistence of the Movento® aphicid properties and (iii) a decrease of approximately 10% of the viral transmission on treated plants. These observations suggest a beneficial effect of Movento® on the sanitary quality of treated crops by directly reducing primary infections and indirectly altering, through aphid mortality, secondary infections on which the spread of disease within field depends. These data constitute important elements for the future development of management strategies to protect crops against aphid-transmitted viruses.


Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
L. Bavaresco ◽  
C. Squeri ◽  
A. Vercesi

One of the most dangerous fungal diseases in viticulture is downy mildew. Copper-based active ingredients have been used for a long time to protect vines against Plasmopara viticola and they have always maintained an important role in the defense of vines especially for organic production. On the other hand, copper accumulates in the soil causing toxicity with negative consequences on plants and soil fauna. For this reason, new formulations with lower copper content have been considered. In recent years, foliar fertilizers have been studied, in particular those based on phosphites that, along with the nutritional function, stimulate the production of phytoalexins. Those metabolites cause the induced systemic resistance and act directly in the break of cell membranes of pathogens. This study aims to investigate the efficacy against downy mildew of a commercial product based on phosphites and of a new copper- based foliar fertilizer, where copper is chelated with gluconic acid and aminoacids of plant origin. Based on present results, phosphites significantly reduced the infection, without anyway achieving the defense effectiveness of the copper-based treatment however they ensure a significant reduction of the doses of copper necessary to achieve adequate levels of vineyard protection.


Author(s):  
S.A. Korshunov ◽  
A.M. Asaturova ◽  
A.I. Chomiak ◽  
G.V. Volkova

Наряду с традиционными приемами ведения сельского хозяйства во многих странах развивается альтернативное земледелие, основанное на строгом соблюдении научных рекомендаций и требований по эксплуатации почвенных ресурсов с целью их сохранения при длительном использовании. Одно из таких направлений – органическое земледелие, успешно развивающееся в странах ЕС и США последние 30 лет. Оно предполагает создание высококультурной, экологически сбалансированной агроэкосистемы, критериями функционирования которой является устойчивость агроландшафта на фоне продуктивного долголетия всех составляющих его компонентов (почва, растения, животный мир). Устойчивость таких агроценозов обеспечивается путем минимизации негативного влияния на агроэкосистему (отказ от применения пестицидов и других средств защиты растений, химических удобрений, ГМО, ионизирующего излучения) и внедрения экологически обоснованной системы земледелия при обязательном контроле за состоянием всего агробиоценоза в системе эколого-мелиоративного и агроэкологического мониторинга. Научно-исследовательская деятельность и биологическая защита в органическом сельском хозяйстве должны отвечать основным задачам реального сектора. Ученым, вовлеченным в данное направление, важно взаимодействовать с сертифицированными органическими производителями, профильными союзами, понимать как частные задачи конкретных хозяйств, так и общерыночные тенденции, требования сертифицирующих органов, знать основные стандарты органического сельского хозяйства. В обзоре рассмотрены тенденции развития рынка органической продукции в России и в мире. Показана прямая взаимосвязь между государственной поддержкой экологизации земледелия и ростом рынка органической продукции. Представлены данные социологических опросов с целью выявления количественных и качественных показателей развития рынка органического сельского хозяйства и биологизации земледелия в Российской Федерации. Подчеркнута роль биологической защиты растений как ключевого элемента обеспечения стабильного органического производства, что потребует активного и целенаправленного внедрения научных методов поддержания плодородия почв и механизмов естественной биоценотической регуляции агроэкосистем, разработанных российскими учеными.In addition to traditional farming practices, many countries are developing alternative agriculture based on strict compliance with scientific recommendations and requirements for the exploitation of soil resources in order to preserve them during long-term use. One of these areas is organic farming, which successfully developing in the EU and the US for the last 30 years. It includes creation of a highly cultured, ecologically balanced agroecosystem, which has stability of agrocenosis with productive longevity of all its components (soil, plants, wildlife). The sustainability of such agrocenoses is ensured by minimizing the negative impact on the agroecosystem (refusal to use pesticides and other plant protection products, chemical fertilizers, GMOs, ionizing radiation) and the introduction of environmentally sound farming system with mandatory control over the state of the entire agrobiocenosis in the system of ecological-meliorative and agroecological monitoring. Research and biological protection in organic agriculture must meet the basic objectives of the real sector. Scientists involved in this area, it is important to interact with certified organic producers, specialized unions, to understand both the private tasks of specific farms and General market trends, the requirements of certification bodies, to know the basic standards of organic agriculture. The review examines the trends in the development of organic products market in Russia and in the world. The direct relationship between the state support for the greening of agriculture and the growth of the market of organic products is shown. The article presents the data of sociological surveys to identify quantitative and qualitative indicators of the market of organic agriculture and biologization of agriculture in the Russian Federation. The role of biological plant protection as a key element of ensuring stable organic production is emphasized, which will require the active and purposeful introduction of scientific methods for maintaining soil fertility and mechanisms of natural biocenotic regulation of agroecosystems developed by Russian scientists.


Author(s):  
A Baltazar ◽  
A Ferreira ◽  
A Lança ◽  
D Barreira ◽  
J Almeida ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Michał Jerzak

This article aims to indicate the potential impact of the European Green Deal strategy’s solutions on the production of native protein crops for animal feed and its role in achieving sovereignty in the supply of this raw material in Poland. Self-sufficiency in the supply of plant protein is a concern that has been recognized and widely discussed in the national and European scientific community among practitioners involved in the production of livestock feed and, above all, among politicians of the European Commission, which decides the final shape of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The strategy adopted by the European Commission, referred to as the European Green Deal, proposes restrictions on the use of plant protection products and mineral fertilizers. This will not take place without having an impact on production and the economic situation in agriculture. The research was conducted based on Statistics Poland data and the results of scientific studies. It was concluded that the implementation of the proposed strategy could be a factor that activates the production of native leguminous plants due to their nitrogen-fixing properties. Consequently, this may contribute to an increase in the production of native plant protein for animal feed, and thus to a greater sovereignty in the supply of this raw material for feed purposes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Natalia Pasichnyk ◽  
Serhii Lienkov ◽  
Sergey Shvorov ◽  
Larysa Komarova ◽  
Dmytro Komarchuk ◽  
...  

The article addresses applied aspects of using UAVs for monitoring winter wheat crops to assess the aftereffects of herbicides remaining on the culture of the predecessor. The issue has a local specificity related to inconsistencies of plant cultivation technologies and the inadequate study of the impact of modern plant protection products in domestic soil conditions. Restoring the crop yields is possible by timely identification of the causes of stress, but the time for decision-making is limited. This time can be reduced by state-of-the-art monitoring technologies applied at industrial scale. Laboratory studies using phyto cameras and spectral and spectral-spatial monitoring methods unambiguously testified to the stress caused by the aftereffect of herbicides, but did not allow to establish clear criteria. Therefore, we conducted field studies using UAV-mounted Slantrange complex and analyzing the DJI Matrice 200 to define the distribution of stress areas on the field. It was found that the reliability of monitoring data can increased computer data processing and computer training in the search for correlation links between the distribution of stress plants in the field and the implementation of technological operations, terrain topography, etc.


2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Maria Belik ◽  
Svetlana Sviridova ◽  
Tatyana Yurina

The results of field studies of the use of biological products and microfertilizers in the cultivation of corn for grain and sunflower in the production conditions of the Krasnodar Region are presented. Indicators of a comparative assessment of economic and new schemes for the application of fertilizers and plant protection products from the point of view of agrotechnical and economic efficiency are given.


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