scholarly journals Measurement of microbial nitrogen flow in the duodenum in sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
WZ Yang ◽  
C. Poncet
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen

The effect of species of grass, stage of maturity and level of intake on the degradation of protein and organic matter in the rumen of steers

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Hart ◽  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Two Stages

Six Friesian steers (300 kg liveweight) were prepared with rumen and abomasal cannulae, and fed three artificially dried grasses at three levels of organic matter (OM) intake and at two stages of maturity. The grasses were paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum), oats (Avena sativa) and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum). The apparent digestion of organic matter (OM) in the whole tract decreased with increasing maturity for all grasses. The proportion of OM digested in the rumen was greater for paspalum and kikuyu than oats, and increased with advancing maturity for paspalum and kikuyu. Microbial nitrogen flow from the rumen was 26 and 25 g/kg of OM apparently digested in the rumen for paspalum, 32 and 36 for oats and 25 and 14 for the early and late maturity kikuyu. The true degradation of grass protein in the rumen was between 0.70 and 0.80 for all three grasses, at all three feed intakes and for both stages of maturity of the grasses. Total rumen pool size was less for oats than paspalum or kikuyu. The retention time of particles and fluid in the rumen increased with decreasing feed intake for oats.

The use of cytosine as a marker to estimate microbial protein synthesis in the rumen

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Hplc Separation ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Purine Content ◽  
Present Trial

Recently methods based upon the HPLC separation and detection of cytosine (Koenig 1980) and the spectrophotometric analysis of the total purine content of microbes (Zinn and Owens 1986) have been proposed to estimate microbial nitrogen flow at the duodenum. Little work has been undertaken in-vivo to evaluate cytosine as a marker and to compare it with current techniques. The present trial was designed to evaluate this marker and to compare it with diaminopimelic acid (DAPA), [3H]leucine and the total purine technique. In addition, recent reports (Hvelpund and Madsen 1985) have indicated that expressing miaobial efficiency in terms of carbohdrate, as opposed to organic matter degraded in the rumen, reduced the variation in microbial yield. This was also investigated.

scholarly journals Relations of Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Matters to Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Fluid of Dairy Cows at Different Milk Stages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyuan Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Guobin Luo ◽  
Hangshu Xin ◽  
Yonggen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether relationships exist between odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) originating from milk fat and the corresponding data of ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial populations, and base contents that were used to mark microbial protein in rumen. Nine lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body weights and parity were selected in this study, and the samples of rumen and milk were collected at the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. The rumen and milk samples were collected over three consecutive days from each cow, and the ruminal and milk OBCFA profiles, ruminal fermentation parameters, bacterial populations, and base contents were measured. The results showed that the concentrations of OBCFAs, with the exception of C11:0 and C15:0, were significantly different between milk and rumen (p < 0.05). The concentrations of anteiso-fatty acids in milk were higher than those in rumen, and the contents of linear odd-chain fatty acids were higher than those of branched-chain fatty acids in both milk and rumen. Significant relationships that existed between the concentrations of C11:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C15:0, and anteiso-C17:0 in rumen and milk (p < 0.05). The total OBCFA content in milk was positively related to the acetate molar proportion but negatively correlated with isoacid contents (p < 0.05). The populations of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefacients, and Eubacterium ruminantium were significantly related to milk C13:0 contents (p < 0.05). The adenine/N ratio was negatively related to milk OBCFA content (p < 0.05) but positively associated with the iso-C15:0/iso-C17:0 ratio (p < 0.05). Milk OBCFAs were significantly correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, ruminal bacterial populations, and base contents. Milk OBCFAs had the potential to predict microbial nitrogen flow, and the prediction equations for ruminal microbial nitrogen flow were established for OBCFAs in dairy milk.

The ability of different feed evaluation systems to predict rumen microbial nitrogen flow of lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 22-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stefanon ◽  
L. Gruber ◽  
S. Moscardini ◽  
V. Volpe ◽  
P. Susmel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship

The contribution of rumen microorganisms to the protein absorbed in the intestine is a key factor to evaluate diets for ruminants, and the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) has recently been proposed to estimate rumen microbial protein synthesis in cows (Verbic et al., 1990). This study refers to the relationship between PD excretion and the microbial nitrogen estimated according to recent protein systems for ruminants.

The development of ruminant digestion in the calf. II.* The digestion of barley and urea

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Wheat Chaff

Two Friesian calves were fitted with re-entrant cannulae in the duodenum and four Friesian calves were fitted with re-entrant cannulae in the duodenum and terminal ileum within 1 week of birth. At 35 days of age the calves were weaned from milk and offered a diet containing 72% barley, 3.5% urea and 15 % wheat chaff. Total collections of digesta flowing from the duodenum and ileum were made for 12 hr at weekly intervals for 6 weeks after weaning. Of the dry matter ingested, 26% was apparently digested in the stomach 1 week after weaning, 40% by 2 weeks after weaning and increasing to 51% by 6 weeks after weaning. The flow of nitrogen to the duodenum was greater than the nitrogen intake in the first week after weaning, and it gradually decreased to 83% of the nitrogen intake by 6 weeks after weaning. During this period the contribution of microbial nitrogen to the nitrogen flow increased from 28 to 71%. The apparent absorption of amino acids from the small intestine increased with increasing feed intake, but the uptake of methionine was less than the methionine requirement for growth. _________________ * Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 1081 (1975).

The ability of different feed evaluation systems to predict rumen microbial nitrogen flow of lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
B. Stefanon ◽  
L. Gruber ◽  
S. Moscardini ◽  
V. Volpe ◽  
P. Susmel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship

The contribution of rumen microorganisms to the protein absorbed in the intestine is a key factor to evaluate diets for ruminants, and the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) has recently been proposed to estimate rumen microbial protein synthesis in cows (Verbic et al., 1990). This study refers to the relationship between PD excretion and the microbial nitrogen estimated according to recent protein systems for ruminants.

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