scholarly journals A rapid method to assess the aggressiveness of Eutypa lata isolates and the susceptibility of grapevine cultivars to Eutypa dieback

Agronomie ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Péros ◽  
G. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback

scholarly journals Eutypa, Eutypella, and Cryptovalsa Species (Diatrypaceae) Associated with Prunus Species in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1402-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Providence Moyo ◽  
Ulrike Damm ◽  
Lizel Mostert ◽  
Francois Halleen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Prunus Spp

Stone fruit trees (Prunus spp.) are economically important fruit trees cultivated in South Africa. These trees are often grown in close proximity to vineyards and are to a large extent affected by the same trunk disease pathogens as grapevines. The aim of the present study was to determine whether stone fruit trees are inhabited by Diatrypaceae species known from grapevines and whether these trees could act as alternative hosts for these fungal species. Isolations were carried out from symptomatic wood of Prunus species (almond, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, and plum) in stone fruit growing areas in South Africa. Identification of isolates was based on phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene. Forty-six Diatrypaceae isolates were obtained from a total of 380 wood samples, from which five species were identified. All five species have also been associated with dieback of grapevine. The highest number of isolates was found on apricot followed by plum. No Diatrypaceae species were isolated from peach and nectarine. Eutypa lata was the dominant species isolated (26 isolates), followed by Cryptovalsa ampelina (7), Eutypa cremea (5), Eutypella citricola (5), and Eutypella microtheca (3). First reports from Prunus spp. are E. cremea, E. citricola, and E. microtheca. Pathogenicity tests conducted on apricot and plum revealed that all these species are pathogenic to these hosts, causing red-brown necrotic lesions like those typical of Eutypa dieback on apricot.

scholarly journals The Influence of Climate on Foliar Symptoms of Eutypa Dieback in Grapevines

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1284-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Sosnowski ◽  
D. Shtienberg ◽  
M. L. Creaser ◽  
T. J. Wicks ◽  
R. Lardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Very High

Foliar symptoms of Eutypa dieback, caused by Eutypa lata, in grapevines, cv. Shiraz, varied from year to year in a 6-year study conducted in South Australia and, although trends were similar for vineyards within geographical regions, differences were observed between regions. We attempted to elucidate the causes underlying this variation and hypothesized that it was influenced by climatic factors. A number of possible relationships were identified between climate and symptom expression: (i) increased symptom expression was related to increased winter rainfall 18 months earlier, (ii) decreased disease incidence and prevalence were related to increased temperature in spring, and (iii) a reduction in disease incidence was related to both very high and very low rainfall in October. Theories for these relationships are proposed and require further investigation. A conceptual model was developed which requires validation and has the potential to predict the incidence of foliar symptoms of Eutypa dieback. Information from this study could lead to an improved integrated pest management system to suppress foliar symptoms and sustain productivity of vines infected with E. lata.

scholarly journals Host Range, Biological Variation, and Phylogenetic Diversity of Eutypa lata in California

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1048-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Trouillas ◽  
W. D. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Eutypa Dieback

The objectives of this study were to investigate the host range of Eutypa lata in the major grape-growing regions in California and to analyze the phenotypic variation and phylogenetic diversity of E. lata isolates. Perithecia of E. lata were found on grapevines, in apricot, almond, cherry, apple, and pear tree orchards, and on ornamentals (oleander) and native plant species (California buckeye, big leaf maple, and willow). Multigene phylogenies of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and RPB2 genes confirmed the identity of E. lata recovered from the various host plants but also revealed sequence differences among isolates. The intraspecific phylogenetic diversity of E. lata did not correspond to geography or source of isolation, and intraspecific groups were not consistent across the different DNA phylogenies. Significant phenotypic variation also was detected among E. lata isolates, including ascospore and conidium length as well as level of aggressiveness on grapevines. Pathogenicity studies proved that all isolates were infectious to grapevine, suggesting that the native vegetation surrounding vineyards can serve as inoculum sources that may constitute an important element in the epidemiology of Eutypa dieback in grapevines.

scholarly journals Evaluating Treatments and Spray Application for the Protection of Grapevine Pruning Wounds from Infection by Eutypa lata

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1599-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Sosnowski ◽  
Adrian P. Loschiavo ◽  
Trevor J. Wicks ◽  
Eileen S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Benzimidazole Fungicides ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Eutypa Dieback

Eutypa dieback threatens the sustainability of vineyards worldwide and limited treatments are available for control of the disease in grapevine. Following the loss of the effective benzimidazole fungicides, benomyl and carbendazim, there is a need to identify alternatives for the protection of pruning wounds against infection by ascospores of Eutypa lata. In this study, 24 fungicide and natural treatments were evaluated in the laboratory and field. Tebuconazole and carbendazim were the most effective fungicides for reducing colonization of pruning wounds inoculated with E. lata. Pyrimethanil and fluazinam also provided some control but were less effective than tebuconazole at the rates tested. Other treatments, such as cyprodinil + fludioxionil, pyraclostrobin, a garlic extract, and lactoferrin, reduced colonization of wounds by E. lata but require further evaluation at higher concentrations. Carbendazim applied to pruning wounds using tractor-driven sprayers reduced the incidence of pruning wound infection by E. lata to levels similar to that achieved by application with a paint brush.

scholarly journals Identification of Eutypa spp. Causing Eutypa Dieback of Grapevine in Eastern North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe E. Rolshausen ◽  
Kendra Baumgartner ◽  
Renaud Travadon ◽  
Phillip Fujiyoshi ◽  
Jérome Pouzoulet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Vitis Labruscana ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Vitis Spp

Eutypa dieback of grapevine is caused by Eutypa lata in production areas with Mediterranean climates in California, Australasia, Europe, and South Africa. Eutypa dieback has also been described in the colder, eastern North American vineyards where cultivars adapted from native Vitis spp. (e.g., Vitis × labruscana ‘Concord’) are primarily grown. However, the causal agents associated with the diseases in this region have not been conclusively identified. Examination of 48 vineyards showing symptoms of dieback in the northeastern United States (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island) and Ontario, Canada revealed that vineyards were mainly infected by Eutypa spp. other than E. lata. Multigene phylogenies (internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin, and RNA polymerase II) of isolates recovered from these vineyards indicated that Eutypa dieback is caused primarily by an undescribed Eutypa sp. and E. laevata. Eutypa sp. was recovered from 56% of the vineyards examined, whereas E. laevata and E. lata were less far common (17 and 6%, respectively). Fruiting body morphology and spore dimensions supported phylogenetic separation of the three taxa. Pathogenicity tests conducted on Vitis vinifera ‘Chardonnay’ in the greenhouse and in the field verified that all three species were able to cause wood canker and to infect pruning wounds, respectively.

scholarly journals Use of Boron for the Control of Eutypa Dieback of Grapevines

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 734-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Rolshausen ◽  
W. D. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Potential Alternative

Eutypa dieback is a perennial canker disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) caused by Eutypa lata. The fungus produces ascospores, which infect grapevines through pruning wounds during the dormant season. Management of the disease has been achieved with fungicide applications during the dormant period. However, no effective fungicide was available for this purpose after Benlate was withdrawn from the market. Boric acid (17.5% a.i. boron), a potential alternative to Benlate, was tested in the present study against E. lata. The EC50 values for inhibition of mycelial growth and ascospore germination were 125 and 475 μg of boric acid per ml (22 and 83 μg a.i./ml), respectively. Two boron-based treatments were developed and tested in vitro and in four field trials during 2001 to 2003. One product, biopaste, contained 5% boric acid (8.75 mg a.i./ml) in a commercial paste. The second product, bioshield, contained 5% boric acid in a spore suspension of Cladosporium herbarum. Both products significantly reduced disease in vitro and in field trials in comparison with a water control treatment. Boron was not found to accumulate in leaves and shoots, but bud failure at the first node below the treated wound occurred at a higher rate than in untreated vines.

scholarly journals A Reassessment of the Species Concept in Eutypa lata, the Causal Agent of Eutypa Dieback of Grapevine

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Rolshausen ◽  
N. E. Mahoney ◽  
R. J. Molyneux ◽  
W. D. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Species Concept ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Branch Dieback

Eutypa dieback is a vascular disease of several cultivated crops and trees worldwide. The attribution of the name to the agent responsible for branch dieback is ambiguous. Pathogenicity of Eutypa sp. first was reported on apricot and the causal agent was named E. armeniacae. However, no morphological differences were reported with the previously described E. lata, and some authors considered both species synonymous. Others regarded them as distinct species on the basis of pathogenesis and molecular analysis. We further investigated the relatedness of both species by phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene. These analyses included several other taxa placed in the same family (Diatrypaceae), and yielded three groups. The isolates referred to as E. lata in previous work clustered with Diatrype stigma in one group. Isolates of E. armeniacae and E. lata clustered in a second group, supporting the synonymy of these species. The third group included other Eutypa spp. supporting the polyphyletic origin of this genus. Measurements of conidia length and secondary metabolite production of isolates supported the phylogenetic analyses. Secondary metabolites appeared to be a synapomorphic character shared by several taxa including E. lata, E. armeniacae, E. laevata, and E. petrakii var. petrakii.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Cultivated and Wild Vitis spp. to Wood Infection by Fungal Trunk Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1529-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Travadon ◽  
Philippe E. Rolshausen ◽  
Walter D. Gubler ◽  
Lance Cadle-Davidson ◽  
Kendra Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Vitis Spp

Cultivars of European grapevine, Vitis vinifera, show varying levels of susceptibility to Eutypa dieback and Esca, in terms of foliar symptoms. However, little is known regarding cultivar susceptibility of their woody tissues to canker formation. Accordingly, we evaluated the relative susceptibility of V. vinifera cultivars (‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Riesling’, ‘Petite Syrah’, and ‘Thompson Seedless’) and species or interspecific hybrids of North American Vitis (Vitis hybrid ‘Concord’, V. arizonica ‘b42-26’, V. rupestris × V. cinerea ‘Ill547-1’, and Fennell 6 [V. aestivalis] × Malaga [V. vinifera] ‘DVIT0166’) to canker formation by seven trunk pathogens (Neofusicoccum parvum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Togninia minima, Phomopsis viticola, Eutypa lata, and an undescribed Eutypa sp.). Susceptibility was based on the length of wood discoloration (LWD) in the woody stems of rooted plants in duplicate greenhouse experiments. Cultivars of V. vinifera and Concord did not vary significantly in susceptibility to N. parvum or L. theobromae (LWD of 21 to 88 mm at 14 weeks post inoculation; P > 0.16), suggesting that they are similarly susceptible to Botryosphaeria dieback. The table-grape Thompson Seedless was most susceptible to P. viticola (mean LWD of 61 mm at 11 months post inoculation; P < 0.0001). V. vinifera cultivars and Concord showed similar susceptibility to the Esca pathogens, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and T. minima. Susceptibility to E. lata was greatest in V. arizonica b42-26 (mean LWD of 96 mm at 11 months post inoculation; P < 0.03). In fact, all four American Vitis spp. were more susceptible to Eutypa dieback than the V. vinifera cultivars. Our findings suggest that no one cultivar is likely to provide resistance to the range of trunk pathogens but that certain cultivars may be promising candidates for commercially relevant host resistance in grape-production systems where the dominant cultivars are very susceptible.

scholarly journals Variations of abscisic acid contents in various organs of grapevine infected by the eutypa dieback fungus, Eutypa Lata

OENO One ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Tayeb Koussa ◽  
Lalla Aicha Rifai ◽  
Bernadette Dubos ◽  
Michel Broquedis
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Medium Culture

<p style="text-align: justify;">In grapevine, eutypa dieback is a disease induced by ascomyceta fungus, Eutypa lata. At present, eutypa dieback is considered as the most serious deterioration disease of grapevine. The external symptoms of this disease are most conspicuous during the first months of the annual growth cycle and include dwarfed shoots with smaller and necrotic leaves and unfavourable development of grapes. All these symptoms were still suggested an hormonal perturbation in grapevine organs. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of eutypa dieback on abscisic acid contents in flower buds, flowers, young berries, leaves and internodes of grapevine. This study was also performed to determine the relationship between this growth regulator and disease development. The study was performed using organs (1) from healthy vines, (2) healthy appearing organs from vines with one symptomless arm and one diseased arm, and (3) moderately and (4) strongly diseased organs. From flowers buds separated to bunch of grapes closed stages, free abscisic acid (ABA) and the glucose esters of this acid (ABA-GE) were analysed in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon which is sensitive to E. lata. In the healthy appearing organs, growth and development as well as water and ABA contents were not changed by eutypa dieback fungi. Whereas eutypa dieback induced a decrease of water content and the rate of growth increase in diseased organs. During all the period studied in leaves and since fruit set stage in the internodes, the ABA and ABA-GE contents were increased by eutypa dieback proportionally to symptoms. The ABA levels increase in leaves and internodes were not seem to be produced by ABA-GE hydrolysis since increase in ABA-GE levels were also observed in response to eutypa dieback. The maximum of ABA characterising grapevine flowers was delayed by eutypa dieback and their level was reduced with increasing symptoms severity. In flower buds, flowers and young berries, this disease induced a decrease of ABA-GE contents during all period studied proportionally to symptoms severity. The mycelium of two E. lata isolates cultured in Errikson and Petersson medium culture can synthesize ABA. A part of this growth regulator was diffused in medium culture. It was suggested that increase of ABA levels in diseased organs must have many origins: perturbation of (1) ABA-GE translation, (2) synthesis of ABA by grapevine caused by water stress and (3) synthesis of ABA by the fungi. The possible relationship between increased ABA content in the diseased organs and expression of eutypa dieback symptoms is discussed.</p>

Structural modifications induced by Eutypa lata in the xylem of trunk and canes of Vitis vinifera

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérome Rudelle ◽  
Stéphane Octave ◽  
Meriem Kaid-Harche ◽  
Gabriel Roblin ◽  
Pierrette Fleurat-Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Transfer Apparatus

Eutypa dieback, a devastating disease in grapevines, is caused by the fungal pathogen Eutypa lata, a wood-inhabiting fungus. E. lata acts by degrading wood tissues in the colonisation areas, and produces foliar symptoms. These striking symptoms have been attributed to the production of toxic metabolites by the pathogen, the most widely studied being eutypine. The aims of the study were to compare the effects of E. lata on xylem structure at the site of infection and in remote tissues. In healthy Vitis vinifera, the vessel-associated cells (VACs) in the trunk have a protective layer that covers the entire lignified wall and forms a transfer apparatus in pits located at the VAC / vessel interface. This apparatus occurs similarly in VACs in the basal part of canes but is less developed in the apical part. In the presence of E. lata, which is found only in the trunk and the cordons, the VACs initiated a program of secretory activity that led to the enlargement of the transfer apparatus, which is formed by tightly associated fibrils. This secretory activity was followed by VAC death. Furthermore, the hypertrophy of the transfer apparatus spread according to an acropetal gradient in the canes. Treatment with eutypine also induced the development of the transfer apparatus in VACs of basal and apical parts of canes excised from healthy vines. However, this apparatus was formed by loosely packed fibrils in VACs that were not completely damaged. Therefore, metabolites other than eutypine are expected to be involved in the VAC degeneration observed in infected vines.

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