scholarly journals Do near-field cues enhance the plausibility of non-individual binaural rendering in a dynamic multimodal virtual acoustic scene?

Acta Acustica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Johannes M. Arend ◽  
Melissa Ramírez ◽  
Heinrich R. Liesefeld ◽  
Christoph Pӧrschmann
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Source Position ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom

It is commonly believed that near-field head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) provide perceptual benefits over far-field HRTFs that enhance the plausibility of binaural rendering of nearby sound sources. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has systematically investigated whether using near-field HRTFs actually provides a perceptually more plausible virtual acoustic environment. To assess this question, we conducted two experiments in a six-degrees-of-freedom multimodal augmented reality experience where participants had to compare non-individual anechoic binaural renderings based on either synthesized near-field HRTFs or intensity-scaled far-field HRTFs and judge which of the two rendering methods led to a more plausible representation. Participants controlled the virtual sound source position by moving a small handheld loudspeaker along a prescribed trajectory laterally and frontally near the head, which provided visual and proprioceptive cues in addition to the auditory cues. The results of both experiments show no evidence that near-field cues enhance the plausibility of non-individual binaural rendering of nearby anechoic sound sources in a dynamic multimodal virtual acoustic scene as examined in this study. These findings suggest that, at least in terms of plausibility, the additional effort of including near-field cues in binaural rendering may not always be worthwhile for virtual or augmented reality applications.

Near-Field Virtual Audio Displays

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Brungart
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Multimodal Interfaces ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Virtual Audio

Although virtual audio displays are capable of realistically simulating relatively distant sound sources, they are not yet able to accurately reproduce the spatial auditory cues that occur when sound sources are located near the listener's head. Researchers have long recognized that the binaural difference cues that dominate auditory localization are independent of distance beyond 1 m but change systematically with distance when the source approaches with in 1 m of the listener's head. Recent research has shown that listeners are able to use these binaural cues to determine the distances of nearby sound sources. However, technical challenges in the collection and processing of near-field head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) have thus far prevented the construction of a fully functional near-field audio display. This paper summarizes the current state of research in the localization of nearby sound sources and outlines the technical challenges involved in the creation of a near-field virtual audio display. The potential applications of near-field displays in immersive virtual environments and multimodal interfaces are also discussed.

scholarly journals Near-Field Measurement of Six Degrees of Freedom Mining-Induced Tremors in Lower Silesian Copper Basin

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6801
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Fuławka ◽  
Witold Pytel ◽  
Bogumiła Pałac-Walko
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Near Field ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rotational Component ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Impact

The impact of seismicity on structures is one of the key problems of civil engineering. According to recent knowledge, the reliable analysis should be based on both rotational and translational components of the seismic wave. To determine the six degrees of freedom (6-DoF) characteristic of mining-induced seismicity, two sets of seismic posts were installed in the Lower Silesian Copper Basin, Poland. Long-term continuous 6-DoF measurements were conducted with the use of the R-1 rotational seismometer and EP-300 translational seismometer. In result data collection, the waveforms generated by 39 high-energy seismic events were recorded. The characteristic of the rotational component of the seismic waves were described in terms of their amplitude and frequency characteristics and were compared with translational measurements. The analysis indicated that the characteristic of the rotational component of the seismic wave differs significantly in comparison to translational ones, both in terms of their amplitude and frequency distribution. Also, attenuation of rotational and translational components was qualitatively compared. Finally, the empirical formulas for seismic rotation prediction in the Lower Silesian Copper Basin were developed and validated.

scholarly journals Substituting EMC emission measurement by field and cable scan method using measured transfer function

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rinas ◽  
J. Jia ◽  
A. Zeichner ◽  
S. Frei
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Anechoic Chambers ◽  
Cispr 25 ◽  
Space Requirements

Abstract. Today EMC emissions of automotive components are often measured in anechoic chambers by an antenna at fixed position according to CISPR 25 (ALSE-method). The antenna voltage often cannot sufficiently describe the behaviour of the measured electronic components and systems. Furthermore space requirements and costs are very high for the ALSE-method. Field- and cable-scan methods combined with near-field to far-field transformation techniques might be a good alternative. Residual reflections from the walls, the metallic floor, the measuring table, interaction of the antenna with the environment, and other factors affect the measurements. Thus, models which only regard the current distribution for near- and far field calculation cannot produce results equal to a chamber measurement. In this paper methods for computing transfer functions for the substitution of EMC antenna measurements with field- and cable scans in a specified calibration area are introduced. To consider influences of the environment, the environment is characterized in a first step and included with transfer functions in the calculation process for the equivalent ALSE-field.

scholarly journals Design and Development of a Littoral AUV for Underwater Target Localization and Homing Using Vision and SONAR Module

ISRN Robotics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Sinha ◽  
Aayush Jha ◽  
Faheem Ahmad ◽  
Vivek Mishra ◽  
Prateek Murgai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Underwater Target

This paper presents the design and development of a modular littoral autonomous underwater vehicle called “ZYRA” having six degrees of freedom for performing the following tasks underwater: target (sound sources emitting frequencies between 1 Hz and 180 KHz) localization and homing, buoy detection. The development of the AUV has been divided into, namely, five sections: mechanical design and fabrication, embedded and power systems, control and software, image processing, and underwater acoustics. A fully functional AUV has been tested in a self-created arena with different tasks spread out in a shallow water environment. Two different kinds of experimental results have been presented: first the experimental results of the SONAR module and second based on the number of successful outcomes per total number of trials for each task.

NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE ACOUSTIC WAVE EQUATION AT THE LIMIT BETWEEN NEAR AND FAR FIELD PROPAGATION

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1497-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERICH STOLL ◽  
STEFAN DANGEL
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Acoustic Wave Equation ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Continuous Waves

The acoustic wave equation is solved numerically for two and three-dimensional systems at the limit between near and far field propagation. Our results show that for large sound velocities, corresponding to wavelengths larger than the system, near field properties are dominant. When the near field conditions are no longer satisfied, standing waves close to the sound emitters and interference patterns between the near field and far field solutions appear. Our procedure is applied to sound sources, which broadcast coherent and continuous waves as well as to sources emitting bursts of incoherent and uncorrelated waves. Both cases can be used to simulate the spreading of low frequency seismic waves observed close to volcanoes and hydrocarbon reservoirs.

scholarly journals A Novel Sparse Array for Localization of Mixed Near-Field and Far-Field Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yinsheng Wang ◽  
WeiJia Cui ◽  
Yuxi Du ◽  
Bin Ba ◽  
Fengtong Mei
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Computation Complexity ◽  
Field Source ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Range Parameter ◽  
Array Aperture

As we all know, nested array can obtain a larger array aperture and more degrees of freedom using fewer sensors. In this study, we not only designed an enhanced symmetric nested array (ESNA), which achieved more consecutive lags and more unique lags compared with a generalized nested array but also developed a special cumulant matrix, in the case of a given number of sensors, which can automatically generate the largest consecutive lags of the array. First, the direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of mixed sources are estimated using the special cumulant matrix. Then, we can estimate the range of the near-field source in the mixed source using a one-dimensional spectral search through estimated DOAs, and in the mixed sources, the near-field and far-field sources are classified by bringing in the range parameter. The largest consecutive lags and composition method of ESNA are also given, under a given number of sensors.Our algorithm has moderate computation complexity, which provides a higher resolution and improves the parameters’ estimation accuracy. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed array showed an outstanding performance under estimation accuracy and resolution ability for both DOA and range estimation compared with existing arrays of the same physical array sensors.

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