Speech Breathing in Young Adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Y. Manifold ◽  
Bruce E. Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Kinematic Behavior ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Speech Breathing ◽  
Young Adult Population

Chest wall kinematic records were obtained from 60 healthy young adults aged 18 to 23 years using a strain-gauge belt pneumograph transduction system. Recordings were taken with the subjects seated in an upright position for measurement of general respiratory function and speech breathing. The 30 males and 30 females also underwent analysis of body type and spirometric assessment. The present study aimed to investigate normative variations in speech breathing kinematics as a function of body type. Measurements of lung volume levels were referenced to two kinematic respiratory points (the 0% limit and resting-end expiratory level) and relative volume displacement of the rib cage and abdomen. Various other assessments of connected speech were analyzed for each subject. Results gathered from four speech tasks (vowel prolongation, syllable repetition, counting, and reading) indicated that an analysis of the three major subdivisions of body type (endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy) did not show any between-group differences. Further analysis of six subdivisions from the three major subdivisions of body type groups showed few between-group differences. The present investigation provides clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive analysis of the speech breathing characteristics of the young adult population. The need for comparative studies and research into the different methods of assessing chest wall kinematic behavior during speech breathing is highlighted.

Body Type and Speech Breathing

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette D. Hoit ◽  
Thomas J. Hixon
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Speech Breathing

Diameter changes of the rib cage and abdomen were recorded during tidal breathing and speech production in 12 adult male subjects grouped on the basis of prominence on three body type components: relative fatness, relative musculoskeletal development, and relative linearity. Data were charted to solve for lung volume, volume displacements of the rib cage and abdomen, and muscular mechanism. Tidal breathing differed across subject groups with regard to depth, rate, and chest wall configuration. Subjects rated high in relative fatness breathed deeper, slower, and with a greater chest wall deformation from relaxation than did other subjects: Speech breathing differed across subject groups with regard to relative volume contributions of the rib cage and abdomen, abdomeren excursions, rib cage paradoxing, and chest wall configuration. Subjects rated high in relative fatness demonstrated substantial abdomen contributions to lung volume change, large abdomen excursions, frequent rib cage paradoxing, and marked chest wall deformations from relaxation. By contrast, subjects rated high in relative linearity demonstrated large rib cage contributions to lung volume change; small abdomen excursions, and slight chest wall deformations from relaxation. Subjects rated high in relative musculoskeletal development generally represented a mixture of characteristics of the other two subject groups in their speech breathing performance. Functional differences are discussed in relation to possible underlying mechanism and inferences are drawn concerning evaluation and management of individuals with speech breathing disorders.

Pathological gambling and behavior addiction in adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
L. Romo ◽  
A. Morvannou ◽  
N. Cheze ◽  
C. Legauffre ◽  
C. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Assessment Scales

Gambling behaviors of young adults may begin in adolescence and continue or even worsen in adulthood (Goudriaan et al., 2009).Even if the young adult population is not an homogeneous group, studies show that almost 5% of young people, against 1% in general population showed pathological gambling (Dyke, 2009)Our objective was to study the presence of problem gambling among a population of young adults in professional-schools.We included 629 people, average age 20 and 66.4% of men. We used a battery of assessment scales of consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, video games addiction, anxiety and depression.The results show a prevalence of 1.6% of young people with a score of pathological gambling in the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) and 7% with a score of problematic use.The findings regarding depression, anxiety and other dependencies will be discussed.

Effect of Administration Method on Near Point of Convergence Scores in a Healthy, Active, Young Adult Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Phillips ◽  
Kelly Cheever ◽  
Jamie McKeon ◽  
Ryan Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Administration Methods

Near point of convergence (NPC) is an emerging concussion assessment tool and researchers have reported NPC scores using different administration methods which may influence assessment interpretation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different administrative methods on NPC scores in healthy, active young adults. NPC was measured using two different accommodative rulers and a fingertip, with three different placements. No significant difference in NPC score was observed between rulers. Significant differences were observed between ruler placements. Furthermore, fingertip use was significantly different compared to all ruler placements.

Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Problems in Young Adults

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chudley E. Werch ◽  
Dean R. Gorman ◽  
Phillip J. Marty
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Program Content ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use

The relationships among alcohol problems and alcohol consumption variables including quantity-frequency (Q-F) classifications, frequency of alcohol use, quantity of alcohol use, and beverage types, were examined in a young adult population. Total alcohol-related problems, drinking and driving problems, and school problems increased significantly when young adults drank moderately. Certain types of problems, however, appear to be more or less associated with alcohol consumption. For example, physical illness problems increased during light drinking, while interpersonal and legal problems increased during moderate-heavy and heavy alcohol use, respectively. Virtually no differences were found on alcohol problems for drinking classifications between sexes. Both the frequency and quantity of beer and liquor use were found to be positively associated with alcohol problems. The relationship between the frequency and quantity of wine use and alcohol problems, however, was less strong and more dissonant. In general, alcohol problems were found to be related to relatively low levels of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. Specific suggestions regarding substance abuse prevention program content and models were also discussed.

scholarly journals How are Young Adults in Pakistan dealing with COVID-19: An Online Survey Assessing the Impact of Demographic Characteristics and Sources of Information on Awareness and Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Angeline Martins ◽  
Russell Seth Martins ◽  
Syeda Maryam Zehra Zaidi ◽  
Scheryar Saqib ◽  
Aiman Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background:The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted a large majority of Pakistan’s population, with one particular demographic of stakeholders being the country’s young adult population. Our study looks to understand levels COVID-19-related awareness, perceptions, and behaviors, and sources of COVID-19-related knowledge, amongst Pakistan’s young adult population.Methods:This survey was conducted by the Aga Khan University over July-October 2020, via a Google Form disseminated on multiple social media platforms. All respondents aged between 18-35 years and currently residing in Pakistan were included.Results:The questionnaire received a total of 406 responses with the respondents having a mean age of 25.15 ± 5.80 years. 52.5% of the respondents were currently students. The vast majority relied on social media (83.7%), internet blogs/websites (83.3%) and newspapers/television (70.7%) as major sources of information regarding COVID-19. The highest percentage of individuals believed spread was possible through contaminated surfaces (95.3%), while 86.4% believed spread was possible via inhalation of droplets, and 52.0% via close contact with asymptomatic individuals. Alarmingly, 21.9% believed that transmission was possible through contact with packages shipped from China, and 16% believed COVID-19 could be contracted by eating food in Chinese restaurants. Moreover, 24.1% believed COVID-19 to be a biological weapon designed in a laboratory, while 23.9% were unsure.Conclusions: Our survey revealed some deficiencies in the understanding of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, along with racial biases and the prevalence of misinformation. Since young adults play an important role in the global response to the pandemic, our study suggests interventions that target the young adults in Pakistan in an attempt to increase their awareness about the pandemic and help them cope with its effects.

scholarly journals An Online Study of Suicidality and its Determinants among Nigerian Young Adults Resident in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
T. Opakunle ◽  
O. Aloba ◽  
M. Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Young Adult Population

Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus pandemic has affected millions of people globally. This has subsequently triggered diverse mental health  challenges. This study examined the prevalence as well as the determinants of suicidality among Nigerian young adults resident in China.Method: This is an online-based cross-sectional survey involving 364 Nigerian young adults in China. Sociodemographic and suicidality related  variables were collected. The respondents also completed the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire and the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scales.Results: The prevalence rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt as a result of the pandemic were 8.2% and 2.5% respectively. A total of 188(51.6%) respondents had anxiety. Suicidality was associated with anxiety and psychological distress.Conclusion: Suicidality is relatively common among the Nigerian young adult population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health interventions in terms of screening for suicidality and its determinants may need to be developed for Nigerian young adults in China during this pandemic. Keywords: Suicidality, Suicidal ideation, Suicide attempt, Covid-19 pandemic, Nigerian adults

scholarly journals Cognitive Distraction at Mealtime Decreases Amount Consumed in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1324-1329
Author(s):  
Carli A Liguori ◽  
Cassandra J Nikolaus ◽  
Sharon M Nickols-Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Cognitive Distraction ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Analogue Scales

ABSTRACT Background Environmental distractions have been shown to affect eating patterns. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a cognitive distraction on amount, preference, and memory of food consumed and perceptions of fullness, hunger, and enjoyment of food in a healthy young-adult population. Methods A randomized controlled crossover study of 119 healthy adults (20.2 ± 1.4 y; 57% women; 48% white) assigned participants to begin under either the distracted (DIS, n = 55) or control (CON, n = 64) conditions. DIS participants consumed a meal of quiche while completing a Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) for 15 min. CON participants ate without any task assignment. After a 30-min rest period, participants were offered a snack and given 5 min to eat ad libitum. Participants completed a survey assessing fullness, hunger, and enjoyment of the meal using 100 mm visual analogue scales. One week later, participants completed the opposite condition. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results Those in DIS consumed 13 g less of the meal (P < 0.001), even when comparing by initial condition (P < 0.001) and adjusting for sex (P < 0.001). A carryover effect of initial condition was found (P < 0.001), such that participants first assigned to DIS condition consumed less (95.2 ± 61.7 g) when distracted compared to all other condition combinations (127–133 g). Those in DIS had decreased accuracy for both memory of quiche received (absolute difference, 1.1 ± 1.6 compared with 0.7 ± 1.2 for CON, P < 0.001) and memory of quiche consumed (0.8 ± 1.1 for DIS compared with 0.7 ± 1.2 for CON, P = 0.007). Conclusions When distracted, healthy young adults consumed significantly less food and their memory of the meal was dampened. These findings underscore the potential importance of cognitive distraction in affecting food intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04078607.

Characteristics of Speech Breathing in Young Women

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Hodge ◽  
Anne Putnam Rochet
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Speech Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Chest wall kinematic records were obtained from 10 healthy young women in the upright, seated position during resting breathing, conversation, and reading aloud. Breathing frequency, lung volume levels relative to resting end-expiratory level, and relative volume displacements of the rib cage and abdomen were measured. Compared to conversation, group results for reading revealed three differences: an increase in syllables spoken per breath, an absence of filled pauses, and a slight upward shift in end-inspiratory and end-expiratory lung volume levels. Compared to resting breathing, group results for speech revealed four differences: a background chest wall configuration characterized by a relatively larger rib cage and smaller abdomen, slight increases in breathing frequency and in lung volume expenditure, and a slight decrease in rib cage contribution to lung volume displacement. The physical characteristic most strongly associated with rib cage contribution to lung volume displacement in resting breathing was height (r = .76). In comparing the relationship between the same respiratory behavior during resting breathing and speech, a correlation of .83 was obtained for rib cage contribution to volume displacement in the two conditions and of .60 for end-inspiratory volume level in the two conditions. Somewhat weaker positive correlations were obtained for lung volume expenditure and for breathing frequency in the two conditions. Comparison of the present findings for women to those recently reported for comparable men (Holt & Hixon, 1987) revealed no remarkable differences in speech breathing characteristics. Results suggest that certain physical characteristics and task variables may have greater functional importance than gender in determining normative speech breathing behaviors.

scholarly journals Inflammation-related plasma protein levels and association with adiposity measurements in young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Klevebro ◽  
Sophia Björkander ◽  
Sandra Ekström ◽  
Simon K. Merid ◽  
Olena Gruzieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Obese Subjects

AbstractObesity-related inflammation is associated with cardiovascular, metabolic, and pulmonary diseases. The aim of this study was to demonstrate associations between adiposity measurements and levels of inflammation-related plasma proteins in a population of young adults. Subjects from a population-based birth cohort with a mean age of 22.5 years were included in the study population (n = 2074). Protein levels were analyzed using the Olink Proseek Multiplex Inflammation panel. Percentage body fat (%BF) and visceral fat rating (VFR) measurements were collected using Tanita MC 780 body composition monitor. Linear regression of standardized values was used to investigate associations. Potential effect modifications by sex and BMI category were assessed. Of 71 investigated proteins, 54 were significantly associated with all adiposity measurements [%BF, body mass index (BMI), VFR and waist circumference]. Among proteins associated with %BF, seven showed a larger or unique association in overweight/obese subjects and three showed a significant effect modification by sex. Fourteen proteins more strongly associated with VFR in females compared to males. Adipose-associated systemic inflammation was observed in this young adult population. Sex and adiposity localization influenced some of the associations. Our results highlight specific proteins as suitable biomarkers related to adiposity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document