scholarly journals Synthetic tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagan Bayley ◽  
Idil Cazimoglu ◽  
Charlotte E.G. Hoskin
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Synthetic Cells ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Natural Living ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Living Tissues

While significant advances have been achieved with non-living synthetic cells built from the bottom-up, less progress has been made with the fabrication of synthetic tissues built from such cells. Synthetic tissues comprise patterned three-dimensional (3D) collections of communicating compartments. They can include both biological and synthetic parts and may incorporate features that do more than merely mimic nature. 3D-printed materials based on droplet-interface bilayers are the basis of the most advanced synthetic tissues and are being developed for several applications, including the controlled release of therapeutic agents and the repair of damaged organs. Current goals include the ability to manipulate synthetic tissues by remote signaling and the formation of hybrid structures with fabricated or natural living tissues.

scholarly journals 3D-printed synthetic tissues

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Booth ◽  
Hagan Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Synthetic Cells ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Living Tissues

‘Bottom-up’ approaches in synthetic biology have been used to construct synthetic cells from simple biological components. By contrast, relatively little work has been done on synthetic tissues in which collections of cells cooperate to achieve functionality that cannot be generated by individual compartments. We have developed a 3D printer, which can create structures containing hundreds or thousands of communicating aqueous droplets arranged in programmed patterns. These tissue-like materials can adopt properties such as the ability to fold or conduct electrical signals. Furthermore, the properties of the materials can be extended, so that they become true synthetic tissues through the performance of sophisticated functions such as protein synthesis. In addition, we have shown that 3D-printed synthetic tissues can be controlled and energized externally, for example by light. Printed synthetic tissues might find a variety of uses in medicine and could even be interfaced directly with living tissues. As they contain no genome and cannot replicate, synthetic tissues are comparatively safe for medical applications.

Effect of 3D Manipulatives on Students with Visual Impairments Who Are Learning Chemistry Constructs: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Derrick W. Smith ◽  
Sandra A. Lampley ◽  
Bob Dolan ◽  
Greg Williams ◽  
David Schleppenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Atomic Orbital ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Tactile Graphics

Introduction: The emerging technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to provide unique 3D modeling to support specific content in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly chemistry. Method: Seventeen ( n = 17) students with visual impairments were provided direct instruction on chemistry atomic orbital content and allowed to use either print or tactile graphics or 3D models in rotating order. Participants were asked specific content questions based upon the atomic orbitals. Results: The students were asked two sets of comprehension questions: general and specific. Overall, students’ responses for general questions increased per iteration regardless of which manipulative was used. For specific questions, the students answered more questions correctly when using the 3D model regardless of order. When asked about their perceptions toward the manipulatives, the students preferred the 3D model over print or tactile graphics. Discussion: The findings show the potential for 3D printed materials in learning complex STEM content. Although the students preferred the 3D models, they all mentioned that a combination of manipulatives helped them better understand the material. Implications for practitioners: Practitioners should consider the use of manipulatives that include 3D printed materials to support STEM education.

scholarly journals Assessing the Reusability of 3D-Printed Photopolymer Microfluidic Chips for Urine Processing

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lepowsky ◽  
Reza Amin ◽  
Savas Tasoglu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Urine Processing ◽  
Nonspecific Protein Adsorption

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is emerging as a method for microfluidic device fabrication boasting facile and low-cost fabrication, as compared to conventional fabrication approaches, such as photolithography, for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) counterparts. Additionally, there is an increasing trend in the development and implementation of miniaturized and automatized devices for health monitoring. While nonspecific protein adsorption by PDMS has been studied as a limitation for reusability, the protein adsorption characteristics of 3D-printed materials have not been well-studied or characterized. With these rationales in mind, we study the reusability of 3D-printed microfluidics chips. Herein, a 3D-printed cleaning chip, consisting of inlets for the sample, cleaning solution, and air, and a universal outlet, is presented to assess the reusability of a 3D-printed microfluidic device. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used a representative urinary protein and phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) was chosen as the cleaning agent. Using the 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) fluorescence detection method, the protein cross-contamination between samples and the protein uptake of the cleaning chip were assessed, demonstrating a feasible 3D-printed chip design and cleaning procedure to enable reusable microfluidic devices. The performance of the 3D-printed cleaning chip for real urine sample handling was then validated using a commercial dipstick assay.

scholarly journals 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering for Medical Applications: The Classic and the Hybrid

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelong Xie ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Anderson O. Lobo ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Selection Principles ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Selection Of

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, as one of the most popular recent additive manufacturing processes, has shown strong potential for the fabrication of biostructures in the field of tissue engineering, most notably for bones, orthopedic tissues, and associated organs. Desirable biological, structural, and mechanical properties can be achieved for 3D-printed constructs with a proper selection of biomaterials and compatible bioprinting methods, possibly even while combining additive and conventional manufacturing (AM and CM) procedures. However, challenges remain in the need for improved printing resolution (especially at the nanometer level), speed, and biomaterial compatibilities, and a broader range of suitable 3D-printed materials. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the development of 3D bioprinting techniques, particularly new hybrid 3D bioprinting technologies for combining the strengths of both AM and CM, along with a comprehensive set of material selection principles, promising medical applications, and limitations and future prospects.

scholarly journals Light-activated communication in synthetic tissues

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. e1600056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Booth ◽  
Vanessa Restrepo Schild ◽  
Alexander D. Graham ◽  
Sam N. Olof ◽  
Hagan Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Translation System ◽  
System A ◽  
Synthetic Cells ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Neuronal Transmission ◽  
Printed Patterns

We have previously used three-dimensional (3D) printing to prepare tissue-like materials in which picoliter aqueous compartments are separated by lipid bilayers. These printed droplets are elaborated into synthetic cells by using a tightly regulated in vitro transcription/translation system. A light-activated DNA promoter has been developed that can be used to turn on the expression of any gene within the synthetic cells. We used light activation to express protein pores in 3D-printed patterns within synthetic tissues. The pores are incorporated into specific bilayer interfaces and thereby mediate rapid, directional electrical communication between subsets of cells. Accordingly, we have developed a functional mimic of neuronal transmission that can be controlled in a precise way.

scholarly journals Scaling in biomechanical experimentation: a finite similitude approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (143) ◽  
pp. 20180254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Ochoa-Cabrero ◽  
Teresa Alonso-Rasgado ◽  
Keith Davey
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Finite Element Package ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

Biological experimentation has many obstacles: resource limitations, unavailability of materials, manufacturing complexities and ethical compliance issues; any approach that resolves all or some of these is of some interest. The aim of this study is applying the recently discovered concept of finite similitude as a novel approach for the design of scaled biomechanical experiments supported with analysis using a commercial finite-element package and validated by means of image correlation software. The study of isotropic scaling of synthetic bones leads to the selection of three-dimensional (3D) printed materials for the trial-space materials. These materials conforming to the theory are analysed in finite-element models of a cylinder and femur geometries undergoing compression, tension, torsion and bending tests to assess the efficacy of the approach using reverse scaling of the approach. The finite-element results show similar strain patterns in the surface for the cylinder with a maximum difference of less than 10% and for the femur with a maximum difference of less than 4% across all tests. Finally, the trial-space, physical-trial experimentation using 3D printed materials for compression and bending testing provides a good agreement in a Bland–Altman statistical analysis, providing good supporting evidence for the practicality of the approach.

scholarly journals Effects of Raster Orientation, Infill Rate and Infill Pattern on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Dudescu ◽  
Laszlo Racz
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Design And Manufacture

AbstractThree-dimensional printing is an additive manufacturing process that allows rapid design and manufacture of complex component based on computer-aided design models. Compared with some conventional manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing part properties can depend on structural and process parameters rather than purely on material properties. The objectives of the paper are to evaluate the tensile properties of 3D printed components produced using a commercial 3D printer by performing standard tensile tests and to assess the influence of the technological parameters upon mechanical proprieties of printed specimens, considering different printing directions, infill rates and infill patterns. The influence of raster angles is tested through the designed specimens with different transverse plane, they are printed by placing in different angle, including 0°, 30°, 45° and 90°. Specimens with an infill rate varying from 20% to 100% and six different infill patterns has been tested.

scholarly journals The Impact Resistance of Highly Densified Metal Alloys Manufactured from Gas-Atomized Pre-Alloyed Powders

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Ramin Rahmani ◽  
Maksim Antonov ◽  
Konda Gokuldoss Prashanth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The Impact

With the increasing acceleration of three-dimensional (3D) printing (for example, powder bed fusion (PBF)) of metal alloys as an additive manufacturing process, a comprehensive characterization of 3D-printed materials and structures is inevitable. The purpose of this work was to test highly densified materials produced from gas-atomized pre-alloyed metallic powders, namely 316L, Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, CuNi2SiCr, CoCr28Mo6, and Inconel718, under impact conditions. This was done to demonstrate the best possible performance of such materials. Optimized spark plasma sintering (SPS) parameters (pressure, temperature, heating rate, and holding time) are applied as a novel technique of powder metallurgy. The densification level, impact site (imprint) diameter and volume, and Vickers hardness were studied. The comparison of 316L stainless steel (1) sintered by the SPS process, (2) manufactured by PBF process, and (3) coated by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process (thin layer of TiAlN) was successfully achieved.

Tensile strength of 3D printed materials: Review and reassessment of test parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Floor ◽  
Bas van Deursen ◽  
Erik Tempelman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

Use of Three-dimensional Printing in the Development of Optimal Cardiac CT Scanning Protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-977
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Aortic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Medical Education And Training ◽  
3D Printed

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used in medical applications with most of the studies focusing on its applications in medical education and training, pre-surgical planning and simulation, and doctor-patient communication. An emerging area of utilising 3D printed models lies in the development of cardiac computed tomography (CT) protocols for visualisation and detection of cardiovascular disease. Specifically, 3D printed heart and cardiovascular models have shown potential value in the evaluation of coronary plaques and coronary stents, aortic diseases and detection of pulmonary embolism. This review article provides an overview of the clinical value of 3D printed models in these areas with regard to the development of optimal CT scanning protocols for both diagnostic evaluation of cardiovascular disease and reduction of radiation dose. The expected outcomes are to encourage further research towards this direction.

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