scholarly journals A breakdown in communication? Understanding the effects of aging on the human small intestine epithelium

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. Mabbott
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Insight Into

A new study by Man and colleagues provides further insight into the effects of aging on small intestinal barrier function in humans. Here, their findings are briefly summarised and the wider implications discussed.

Increased intestinal barrier function in the small intestine of formula-fed neonatal piglets

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Huygelen ◽  
M. De Vos ◽  
S. Willemen ◽  
B. Tambuyzer ◽  
C. Casteleyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Neonatal Piglets

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Sodium Alginate on Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Induced by a Methionine- and Choline-deficient Diet

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Kawauchi ◽  
Sayo Horibe ◽  
Naoto Sasaki ◽  
Toshihito Tanahashi ◽  
Shigeto Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progresses from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, efficacious drugs for NASH treatment are lacking. Sodium alginate (SA), a soluble dietary fiber extracted from brown algae, could protect the small intestine from enterobacterial invasion. NASH pathogenesis has been suggested to be associated with enterobacterial invasion, so we examined the effect of SA on methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice (the most widely-used model of NASH). The mice (n = 31) were divided into three groups (mice fed with regular chow, MCD diet, and MCD diet premixed with 5% SA) for 4 and 8 weeks. The MCD diet increased lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver, the NAFLD Activity Score and hepatic mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor- and collagen 11, and induced macrophage infiltration. Villus shortening, disruption of zonula occludens-1 localization and depletion of mucus production were observed in the small intestine of the MCD-group mice. SA administration improved lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver, and impaired barrier function in the small intestine. Collectively, these results suggest that SA is useful for NASH treatment because it can prevent hepatic inflammation and fatty degeneration by maintaining intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals Short intense psychological stress induced by skydiving does not impair intestinal barrier function

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254280
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Roca Rubio ◽  
Ulrika Eriksson ◽  
Robert J. Brummer ◽  
Julia König
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Psychological Stressor

Background and aim Psychological stress has been shown to increase intestinal permeability and is associated with the development of gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate skydiving as an alternative model to analyse the effect of acute psychological stress on intestinal barrier function. Materials and methods Twenty healthy subjects participated in a tandem skydive followed by a negative control visit, of which 19 (9 females and 10 males, 25.9 ± 3.7 years) were included in the study. Intestinal permeability was assessed by a multi-sugar urinary recovery test. Sucrose recovery and lactulose/rhamnose ratio in 0-5h urine indicated gastroduodenal and small intestinal permeability, respectively, and sucralose/erythritol ratio in 5-24h urine indicated colonic permeability. Blood samples were taken to assess markers associated with barrier function. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03644979) on August 23, 2018. Results Skydiving resulted in a significant increase in salivary cortisol levels directly after skydiving compared to the control visit. Cortisol levels were still increased two hours after landing, while cortisol levels before skydiving were not significantly different from the baseline at the control visit. Skydiving did not induce a significant increase in gastroduodenal, small intestinal or colonic permeability. There was also no significant increase in plasma intestinal and liver fatty acid-binding proteins, suggesting no damage to the enterocytes. Discussion These results show that the acute intense psychological stress induced by skydiving does not affect intestinal permeability in healthy subjects. Future models aiming to investigate the effect of stress on human intestinal barrier function should consider a more sustained exposure to the psychological stressor.

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