scholarly journals Circulating microRNAs: emerging biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancers

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Lindner ◽  
Joerg Haier ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
David I. Watson ◽  
Damian J. Hussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Key Characteristics

To identify novel non-invasive biomarkers for improved detection, risk assessment and prognostic evaluation of cancer, expression profiles of circulating microRNAs are currently under evaluation. Circulating microRNAs are highly promising candidates in this context, as they present some key characteristics for cancer biomarkers: they are tissue-specific with reproducible expression and consistency among individuals from the same species, they are potentially derived directly from the tumour and therefore might correlate with tumour progression and recurrence, and they are bound to proteins or contained in subcellular particles, such as microvesicles or exosomes, making them highly stable and resistant to degradation. The present review highlights the origin of circulating microRNAs, their stability in blood samples, and techniques to isolate exosomal microRNAs, and then addresses the current evidence supporting potential clinical applications of circulating miRNAs for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs in Blood and Other Body Fluids as Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Response in Lung Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Luis Vicente Gayosso-Gómez ◽  
Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Potential Clinical Application

The identification of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood and other body fluids has led to considerable research interest in investigating their potential clinical application as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer, including lung cancer, the deadliest malignancy worldwide. Several studies have found that alterations in the levels of miRNAs in circulation are able to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy individuals (diagnosis) and are associated with patient outcome (prognosis) and treatment response (prediction). Increasing evidence indicates that circulating miRNAs may function as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, affecting biological processes associated with tumor initiation and progression. This review is focused on the most recent studies that provide evidence of the potential value of circulating miRNAs in blood and other body fluids as non-invasive biomarkers of lung cancer in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. The status of their potential clinical application in lung cancer is also discussed, and relevant clinical trials were sought and are described. Because of the relevance of their biological characteristics and potential value as biomarkers, this review provides an overview of the canonical biogenesis, release mechanisms, and biological role of miRNAs in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Circulating microRNAs: A Potential Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sheikh Md Sayed ◽  
Ke Xia ◽  
Tian-Lun Yang ◽  
Jun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Rule Out

Rapid and correct diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) plays a crucial role in saving patients' life. Although some biomarkers (such as cardiac troponin and creatine kinase) are available for AMI diagnosis so far, there is still a clinical need for novel biomarkers, which can reliably rule in or rule out AMI immediately on admission. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are a potential choice for novel biomarkers in AMI diagnosis and prognosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Circulating microRNAs are endogenous miRNAs that are detectable in whole blood, serum, or plasma in a highly stable form. Until now, around 20 circulating miRNAs were reported to be closely associated with AMI. In this minireview, we summarized recent available data on the correlation between circulating miRNAs and AMI. Some miRNAs, such as miR-208, miR-499, miR-133, and miR-1, were given special attention, since they may have a potential prospect in diagnosis and prognosis of AMI.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Veronica Zelli ◽  
Chiara Compagnoni ◽  
Roberta Capelli ◽  
Katia Cannita ◽  
Tina Sidoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Breast cancer (BC) is a common and heterogeneous disease, of which six molecular subtypes, characterized by different biological features and clinical outcomes, were described. The identification of additional biomarkers able to further connote and distinguish the different BC subtypes is essential to improve the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies in BC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development and progression. In particular, circulating miRNAs, which can be found in an adequately stable structure in serum/plasma of cancer patients, are emerging as very promising non-invasive biomarkers. Several studies have analyzed the potential role of circulating miRNAs as prognostic and therapeutic markers in BC. In the present review we describe circulating miRNAs, identified as putative biomarker in BC, with special reference to different BC molecular subtypes.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Biomarkers: Potential Applications in Gastrointestinal Cancers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiu Li ◽  
Hongchuan Jin ◽  
Xian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Potential Applications

Genetics and epigenetics coregulate the cancer initiation and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs. Aberrant epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the formation of gastrointestinal cancers. Advances in epigenetics offer a better understanding of the carcinogenesis and provide new insights into the discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis, and prognosis prediction of human cancers. This review aims to overview the epigenetic aberrance and the clinical applications as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers mainly gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals THE PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF microRNA AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC MELANOMA BIOMARKERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Chulkova ◽  
D. A. Ryabchikov ◽  
I. A. Dudina ◽  
A. M. Kazakov ◽  
A. V. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Recent Advances

Despite recent advances in targeted and immune therapy, 5‑year overall survival in stages III–IV of melanoma is 50 and 10–20 %, respectively. Modern melanoma biomarkers, which are used in clinical practice, are not sufficiently effective for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment. In the last decade, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have come to be regarded as “ideal” melanoma biomarkers. This article presents the characteristics of miRNA biogenesis, as well as provides a critical review of circulating miRNAs as promising diagnostic and prognostic melanoma biomarkers.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Osteosarcoma: A Systematic Review

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Thaís Borges Gally ◽  
Milena Magalhães Aleluia ◽  
Grasiely Faccin Borges ◽  
Carla Martins Kaneto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Number Of Publications

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a fast-progressing bone tumor with high incidence in children and adolescents. The main diagnostic methods for OS are imaging exams and biopsies. In spite of the several resources available for detecting the disease, establishing an early diagnosis is still difficult, resulting in worse prognosis and lower survival rates for patients with OS. The identification of novel biomarkers would be helpful, and recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been pointed to as possible non-invasive biomarkers. In order to assess the effectiveness of miRNA research, we performed a systematic review to assess the potential role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for OS diagnosis. We performed a search in various databases—PubMed, LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), VHL (Virtual Health Library), Elsevier, Web of Science, Gale Academic One File—using the terms: “Circulating microRNAs” OR “plasma microRNAs” OR “serum microRNAs” OR “blood microRNAs” OR “cell-free microRNAs” OR “exosome microRNAs” OR “extracellular vesicles microRNAs” OR “liquid biopsy” AND “osteosarcoma” AND “diagnostic”. We found 35 eligible studies that were independently identified and had had their quality assessed according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. Despite the useful number of publications on this subject and the fact that several microRNAs showed excellent diagnostic performance for OS, the lack of consistency in results suggests that additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in OS.

scholarly journals Circulating microRNAs as Promising Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar Rapado-González ◽  
Ana Álvarez-Castro ◽  
Rafael López-López ◽  
José Iglesias-Canle ◽  
María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Selection Of

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite numerous advances in therapeutic approaches, this cancer has a poor prognosis when it is diagnosed at late stages. Therefore, the scientific effort is nowadays directed towards the development of new non-invasive and dynamic biomarkers to improve the survival expectancy of CRC patients. In this sense, deregulated expression of many miRNAs has been shown to play an important role for CRC carcinogenesis and dissemination. Noticeably, an increasing number of studies highlight that circulating miRNAs, including those traveling inside exosomes or those released by tumor cells into circulation, constitute a promising tool for early detection, prognosis and therapy selection of CRC. Therefore, in this review we focus on the clinical potential of blood circulating miRNAs as emerging biomarkers with high value to improve the clinical management of CRC patients, providing a deep and complete perspective of the realities and challenges to translate these biomarkers to the clinical context.

scholarly journals Are Circulating miRNAs Predictive of Response to Therapy?

The Physician ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. c11
Author(s):  
Lava Krishna Kanappa
Keyword(s):  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Death Studies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonest cancer with nearly 1.4 million new cases identified throughout the world in 2012. There is a pressing need for a new non-invasive blood-based test to improve early detection and monitoring of CRC. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in fundamental cell processes such as proliferation, survival and death. Studies have identified miRNAs in plasma of cancer patients in a stable form. This study aimed to evaluate whether circulating microRNAs are predictive of response to therapy. 

scholarly journals Clinical Translatability of “Identified” Circulating miRNAs for Diagnosing Breast Cancer: Overview and Update

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimaldi ◽  
Incoronato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Free Search

The effective management of patients with breast cancer (BC) depends on the early diagnosis of the disease. Currently, BC diagnosis is based on diagnostic imaging and biopsy, while the use of non-invasive circulating biomarkers for diagnosis remains an unmet need. Among the plethora of proposed non-invasive biomarkers, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered promising diagnostic molecules because they are very stable in biological fluids and easily detectable. Although the discovery of miRNAs has opened a new avenue for their clinical application, the clinical translatability of these molecules remains unclear. This review analyses the role of circulating miRNAs as BC diagnostic biomarkers and focuses on two essential requirements to evaluate their clinical validity: i) Specificity and ii) consistent expression between the blood and tissue. These two issues were analyzed in depth using the Human miRNA Disease Database (HMDD v3.0) and the free search engine PubMed. One hundred and sixty three BC-associated miRNAs were selected and analyzed for their specificity among all human pathologies that shared deregulation (291) and consistent expression in the bloodstream and the tissue. In addition, we provide an overview of the current clinical trials examining miRNAs in BC. In conclusion, we highlight pitfalls in the translatability of circulating miRNAs into clinical practice due to the lack of specificity and a consistent expression pattern between the tissue and blood.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as biomarkers for clinical studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor P Pogribny
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Disease Indicators

The development of better diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive biomarkers holds an enormous potential to improve the ability to diagnose and individualize treatment of a great number of human diseases and substantially reduce health care cost. The discovery of a fundamental role of microRNAs in the disease pathogenesis and their presence and stability in biological fluids has led to extensive investigation of the role of microRNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The result of this research has suggested that alterations of microRNAs may be sensitive indicators of various pathologies; however, despite the indisputable progress in this field, the diagnostic promise of microRNAs has remained a work in progress, and circulating microRNAs have not entered the field of clinical medicine yet. Commonly reported microRNAs as disease biomarkers are largely not disease-specific and the results are often contradicting in independent studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of microRNAs as disease indicators and emphasizes the current gaps, challenges, and questions that need to be addressed in future well-designed and well-controlled studies for a successful translation of microRNA profiling into clinically meaningful tests. Impact statement This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of circulating miRNAs as clinical diagnostic biomarkers and highlights the challenges that need to be addressed in future studies for a successful translation of circulating miRNAs into a novel diagnostic tool.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document