scholarly journals Epigenetic Biomarkers: Potential Applications in Gastrointestinal Cancers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiu Li ◽  
Hongchuan Jin ◽  
Xian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Potential Applications

Genetics and epigenetics coregulate the cancer initiation and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs. Aberrant epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the formation of gastrointestinal cancers. Advances in epigenetics offer a better understanding of the carcinogenesis and provide new insights into the discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis, and prognosis prediction of human cancers. This review aims to overview the epigenetic aberrance and the clinical applications as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers mainly gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Circulating Noncoding RNAs Have a Promising Future Acting as Novel Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-jun Wang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yong-xi Song ◽  
Jun-hua Zhao ◽  
Jing-xu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarkers ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, causing a large number of cancer-related deaths each year. Patients are usually diagnosed at advanced and incurable stages due to the lack of suitable screening methods for early detection. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including small and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), are known to have significant regulatory functions, and accumulating evidence suggests that circulating ncRNAs have potential applications as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing CRC, evaluating its prognosis, or predicting chemosensitivity in the general population. In this review, we summarize the origins of circulating ncRNAs and provide details of single and multiple circulating ncRNAs that might have roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CRC. We end by discussing circulating ncRNAs that may distinguish patients with resistance to chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Circulating microRNAs: emerging biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancers

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Lindner ◽  
Joerg Haier ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
David I. Watson ◽  
Damian J. Hussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Key Characteristics

To identify novel non-invasive biomarkers for improved detection, risk assessment and prognostic evaluation of cancer, expression profiles of circulating microRNAs are currently under evaluation. Circulating microRNAs are highly promising candidates in this context, as they present some key characteristics for cancer biomarkers: they are tissue-specific with reproducible expression and consistency among individuals from the same species, they are potentially derived directly from the tumour and therefore might correlate with tumour progression and recurrence, and they are bound to proteins or contained in subcellular particles, such as microvesicles or exosomes, making them highly stable and resistant to degradation. The present review highlights the origin of circulating microRNAs, their stability in blood samples, and techniques to isolate exosomal microRNAs, and then addresses the current evidence supporting potential clinical applications of circulating miRNAs for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Gupta ◽  
Prabhat Kumar ◽  
Jayant Maini ◽  
Harsimrut Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are the most prevalent and aggressive type of cancers. Genetic, epigenetic, environmental and viral risk-factors are associated with HNC carcinogenesis. Persistent infection of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) represent distinct biological, molecular and epigenetic entities in HNCs. There are three main epigenetic mechanisms that regulate transcription, these are DNA methylation, histone modifications and alteration in non-coding RNA networks, which can dissected to identify innovative and accurate epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of HNC patients. Due to the lacunae of accurate distinctive biomarkers for the definite diagnosis of HNC, the identification of predictive epigenetic markers is necessary that might modify or increase HNC patient’s survival. In this mini review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge of different epigenetic biomarkers in HNC.

scholarly journals The Management of Cardiovascular Risk through Epigenetic Biomarkers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Metzinger ◽  
Stefano de Franciscis ◽  
Raffaele Serra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Genomic Dna Sequence

Epigenetic sciences study heritable changes in gene expression not related to changes in the genomic DNA sequence. The most important epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modification, and gene regulation by noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for at least one-third of premature deaths worldwide and represent a heavy burden of healthcare expenditure. We will discuss in this review the most recent findings dealing with epigenetic alterations linked to cardiovascular physiopathology in patients. A particular focus will be put on the way these changes can be translated in the clinic, to develop innovative and groundbreaking biomarkers in CVD field.

scholarly journals Circulating Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Katiusse Alves dos Santos ◽  
Isabelle Cristina Clemente dos Santos ◽  
Carollyne Santos Silva ◽  
Hériks Gomes Ribeiro ◽  
Igor de Farias Domingos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a multifactorial disease that involves environmental factors, genetic factors, and lifestyle factors. Due to the absence of specific and sensitive biomarkers, CRC patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and consequently suffer from a low 5-year overall survival rate. Despite improvements in surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with CRC remains unfavorable due to local and distant metastases. Several studies have shown that small noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs packed in exosomes, are potential biomarkers in various types of cancers, including CRC, and that they can be detected in a stable form in both serum and plasma. In this review, we report the potential of circulating exosomal miRNAs to act as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.

Noncoding RNAs in the development, diagnosis, and prognosis of colorectal cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjiao Weng ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Haisheng Peng ◽  
Guangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Identification of long noncoding RNAs as potential novel diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers in colorectal cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Lutao Du ◽  
Xiaoyun Yang ◽  
Xiumei Jiang ◽  
Weili Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

scholarly journals Potential Applications of DNA, RNA and Protein Biomarkers in Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis for Colorectal Cancer: A Study from Databases to AI-Assisted Verification

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Feng Sun ◽  
Bairong Shen ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Go Annotation ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy

In order to find out the most valuable biomarkers and pathways for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) we have collected the published CRC biomarkers and established a CRC biomarker database (CBD: http://sysbio.suda.edu.cn/CBD/index.html). In this study, we analysed the single and multiple DNA, RNA and protein biomarkers as well as their positions in cancer related pathways and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to describe their potential applications in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. CRC biomarkers were collected from the CBD. The RNA and protein biomarkers were matched to their corresponding DNAs by the miRDB database and the PubMed Gene database, respectively. The PPI networks were used to investigate the relationships between protein biomarkers and further detect the multiple biomarkers. The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation were used to analyse biological functions of the biomarkers. AI classification techniques were utilized to further verify the significances of the multiple biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis for CRC. We showed that a large number of the DNA, RNA and protein biomarkers were associated with the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in various degrees in the CRC biomarker networks. The CRC biomarkers were closely related to the CRC initiation and progression. Moreover, the biomarkers played critical roles in cellular proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis and they were involved in Ras, p53 and PI3K pathways. There were overlaps among the DNA, RNA and protein biomarkers. AI classification verifications showed that the combined multiple protein biomarkers played important roles to accurate early diagnosis and predict outcome for CRC. There were several single and multiple CRC protein biomarkers which were associated with diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in CRC. Further, AI-assisted analysis revealed that multiple biomarkers had potential applications for diagnosis and prognosis in CRC.

Cancer Stem Cell Niche in Colorectal Cancer and Targeted Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 1979-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Guihua Cui ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Meiyan Sun ◽  
Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Tumor Initiating Cells ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Common Malignancy

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are a sub-population of tumor cells found in many human cancers that are endowed with self-renewal and pluripotency. CSCs may be more resistant to conventional anticancer therapies than average cancer cells, as they can easily escape the cytotoxic effects of standard chemotherapy, thereby resulting in tumor relapse. Despite significant progress in related research, effective elimination of CSCs remains an unmet clinical need. CSCs are localized in a specialized microenvironment termed the niche, which plays a pivotal role in cancer multidrug resistance. The niche components of CSCs, such as the extracellular matrix, also physically shelter CSCs from therapeutic agents. Colorectal cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and presents a relatively transparent process of cancer initiation and development, making it an ideal model for CSC niche research. Here, we review recent advances in the field of CSCs using colorectal cancer as an example to illustrate the potential therapeutic value of targeting the CSC niche. These findings not only provide a novel theoretical basis for in-depth discussions on tumor occurrence, development, and prognosis evaluation, but also offer new strategies for the targeted treatment of cancer.

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