Molecular genetics of human hypertension

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maolian Gong ◽  
Norbert Hubner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Human Hypertension ◽  
High Prevalence

EH (essential hypertension) is a major public health problem in many countries due to its high prevalence and its association with coronary heart disease, stroke, renal disease, peripheral vascular disease and other disorders. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that EH is heritable. Owing to the fact that blood pressure is controlled by cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, many molecular pathways are believed to be involved in the disease. In this review, recent genetic studies investigating the molecular basis of EH, including different molecular pathways, will be highlighted.

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Iran: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Zahra Khorasanchi ◽  
Mina S. Bidokhti ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns ◽  
Mitra Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common medical condition worldwide. In Iran, it has been reported that between 30-90% of people have vitamin D deficiency. However, its distribution in different parts of the country and among different age and regional groups is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the recent literature on vitamin D deficiency in Iran. Methods: The literature review was performed using Web of Science, PubMed-Medline, Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) with a cut-off date of November 2016 to identify articles on vitamin D status in Iran published in the last 10 years. Studies in English and Persian that reported vitamin D levels in male and female subjects of all age groups and in healthy populations were included. Results: From 325 studies that were initially retrieved, 82 articles met the inclusion criteria. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported, and in some regions, this was reported as >90% and was found in all age groups and in all regions of Iran. Conclusion: This review highlights the very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran. It will be important to recognize the importance of vitamin D deficiency as a major public health problem in Iran.

Relationship between levels of salivary cortisol with depression and suicidal ideation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1631-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Usabel Guzmán ◽  
M.J. Mota Rodríguez ◽  
A. Pampin Alfonso ◽  
J.B. Brenlla Gonzalez ◽  
M.J. Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health problem in most of the countries because it has a high prevalence in young people. It has been studied that high levels of cortisol are associated with depression and increase of the suicidal risk.ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between cortisol levels in a population of university students and the questionnaire results for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).MethodThe sample was composed by 106 students of the Nursing School of Santiago de Compostela University. The 88.7% of the sample are women with a mean age of 21.50 + /−2.52, the 99% are unmarried. The protocol consisted in 3 sections: demographic variables, BDI questionnaire with spanish scale and determination of salivary cortisol levels. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 15.ResultsThe are higher levels of salivary cortisol in students with a greater or equal score to 13 on the BDI with statistically significances differences (p = .000). Students with suicidal ideation (item 9 of the BDI) have highest rates of cortisol, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study supports other researchs about the association between biological neuroendocrine markers and affective disorders. Explaining suicidal behavior could help us to prevent it by using early intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. They could also identify markers to establish the risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in rural Koppal: a study from teaching hospital, Koppal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema B. N.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Anemia is the nutritional deficiency disorder and 56% of all women living in developing countries are anaemic according to World Health Organization. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. To determine the prevalence of anemia and factors influencing its causation among pregnant women.           Methods: This is the study of 1769 pregnant women which was conducted in a rural population of Koppal district, Karnataka, India, from June 2016 to November 2016 i.e. a period of 6 months. This longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in the district hospital of Koppal. Anemia was classified as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) criteria. The diagnosis of anemia was undertaken by peripheral blood smear examination and standard hemoglobin estimation by shale’s method.Results: The average age of pregnant women was 23.5 years, ranging between 18 and 40 years. Most of the women belonged to below poverty line (BPL) families (84.6%) and Hindu religion (98%). Regarding education, 28.9% were illiterates. The mean haemoglobin level was found to be 8.95. Prevalence of anemia was 96.5% among the pregnant females in this region of rural Koppal. Out of these 22.47% had mild anemia, 56.30% had moderate anemia, 14.98% had severe anemia and 2.73% very severe anemia according to ICMR classification of anemia.Conclusions: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women indicates anemia to be a major public health problem in the rural community and indicates strict implementation of National Nutrition Anemia prophylaxis programme. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, birth interval, and gravida contribute to this high prevalence.

scholarly journals Tobacco and betel nut use among school going adolescents of South Gujarat region, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Bharatkumar Balkrishna Pandya ◽  
Upendrakumar Rameshbhai Chaudhari ◽  
Avirat A. Bhatt ◽  
Nilesh Thakor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adolescence Period ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Adolescence period is very crucial in the life of an individual, when major physical, psychological and behavioral changes take place. Tobacco and Areca nut use among school going adolescent is becoming a major public health problem. Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of smokeless tobacco and betel nut use among school going adolescents.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study. After taking the permission of principal of Government high schools of Vadodara and Surat city of Gujarat and consent of the parents of adolescents, 1107 adolescents were interviewed during March-April 2017. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Thus collected data was analyzed using SPSS 17 (Trial Version).Results: Age of the study students (total 1107) ranged from 10-19 years. (Mean age=14.61±2.85 years). Out of 1107 children 389 (35.1%) children had addiction. Prevalence of any type of addiction in girls and boys was 14.3% and 20.7% respectively. Tobacco prevalence was 13.4% and betel nut prevalence was 21.6%. Type of addiction and its association with gender was highly significant. All children addicted to tobacco using chewing form (gutkha) of tobacco. The mean age group of children who consume tobacco and betel nut was 16.13±1.32 years and 16.01±1.21 years respectively. Most common reasons among adolescents for starting addiction of tobacco and betel nut was to look mature (93.8%) followed by to look good (63.2%) and to refresh breathe (48.6%).Conclusions: High prevalence of tobacco and betel nut use among adolescents needs attention of parents, teachers and health officials.

scholarly journals Zika Virus and the Risk of Developing Microcephaly in Infants: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Antoniou ◽  
Eirini Orovou ◽  
Angeliki Sarella ◽  
Maria Iliadou ◽  
Nikolaos Rigas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

The global epidemic of Zika virus has been a major public health problem affecting pregnant women and their infants. Zika virus causes a viral disease transmitted to humans mainly by the infected Aedes mosquito bite. The infection is not severe in most cases; however, there is evidence that infection during pregnancy may be associated with fetal genetic abnormalities (including microcephaly). In addition to microcephaly and other malformations, some specific lesions in the central nervous system have been reported. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the risk of developing microcephaly in infants whose mothers were infected with Zika virus in pregnancy. Epidemiological studies and case reports were incorporated in our review, finally including 15 articles from an initial pool of 355 related papers. Most studies have linked maternal infection during pregnancy to the development of neonatal microcephaly. The period considered most dangerous is the first trimester and the beginning or the whole of the second trimester. In order to understand the relationship between Zika virus and microcephaly in infants, a cohort study will be able to estimate the time from the onset of Zika infection and the full spectrum of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Childhood Health Consequences of Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Gaillard ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Liesbeth Duijts ◽  
Janine F. Felix
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Obesity is a major public health problem among women of reproductive age. In a narrative review, we examined the influence of maternal obesity during pregnancy on fetal outcomes and childhood adiposity, cardio-metabolic, respiratory and cognitive-related health outcomes. We discuss results from recent studies, the causality and potential underlying mechanisms of observed associations and challenges for future epidemiological studies. Summary: Evidence from observational studies strongly suggests that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are associated with increased risks of fetal pregnancy complications and adverse childhood cardio-metabolic, respiratory and cognitive-related health outcomes. It remains unclear whether these associations are due to intrauterine mechanisms or explained by confounding family-based sociodemographic, lifestyle and genetic factors. The underlying mechanisms have mainly been assessed in animal studies and small human studies, and are yet to be further explored in large human studies. Key Message: Maternal obesity is an important modifiable factor during pregnancy that is associated with a variety of adverse offspring health outcomes. Further studies are needed to explore the causality and underlying mechanisms of the observed associations. Ultimately, preventive strategies focused on reducing maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy may reduce common diseases in future generations.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Asymptomatic Individuals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonné Makaba Mvumbi ◽  
Thierry Lengu Bobanga ◽  
Pierrette Melin ◽  
Patrick De Mol ◽  
Jean-Marie Ntumba Kayembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Malaria remains a major public health problem in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with 14 million cases reported by the WHO Malaria Report in 2014. Asymptomatic malaria cases are known to be prevalent in endemic areas and are generally untreated, resulting in a significant source of gametocytes that may serve as reservoir of disease transmission. Considering that microscopy certainly underestimates the prevalence of Plasmodium infections within asymptomatic carriers and that PCR assays are currently recognized as the most sensitive methods for Plasmodium identification, this study was conducted to weigh the asymptomatic carriage in DRC by a molecular method. Six provinces were randomly selected for blood collection in which 80 to 100 individuals were included in the study. Five hundred and eighty blood samples were collected and molecular diagnosis was performed. Globally, almost half of the samples collected from asymptomatic individuals (280/580; 48.2%) had Plasmodium infections and the most species identified was P. falciparum alone in combination with P. malariae. The high prevalence reported here should interpellate the bodies involved in malaria control in DR Congo to take into account asymptomatic carriers in actions taken and consider asymptomatic malaria as a major hurdle for malaria elimination.

scholarly journals Tea: age-old beverage as an effective cancer chemopreventive agent

2011 ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Jasmine George ◽  
Nidhi Nigam ◽  
Yogeshwer Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Dreaded Disease

Cancer is the major public health problem, causing approximately 7 million deaths every year worldwide. The existing treatment approaches and surgical techniques have not been able to cope effectively with this dreaded disease. Because of this, the concept of chemoprevention is now considered a valid approach to reduce the incidence of cancer. There is convincing epidemiological and experimental evidence to show that dietary polyphenolic plant-derived compounds have cancer preventive properties. Based on evidence from in vitro, in vivo data and epidemiological studies, tea has received considerable attention over recent years for reducing the risk of several cancers. Much of the cancer preventive effects of tea, and in particular green tea, appear to be mediated by the polyphenols they contain. In addition to inhibiting mutagenesis and proliferation, tea is relatively non-toxic, is low cost, and can be taken orally or as a part of the daily diet. Therefore it is logical that future clinical studies should focus on examining the efficacy of tea and its active constituents, such as epigallocatechin- 3-gallate (EGCG) and theaflavins (TFs), in chemoprevention as an alternative to pharmacological agents. In this review, we address the use of tea and its constituents for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Further mechanistic and dose-response studies will help us to understand the effects of tea consumption on human carcinogenesis.

EFFECTIVENESS OF IRON SUCROSE AND FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTPARTUM IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA: A SOUTH INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Subha Ranjan Samantaray ◽  
Ipsita Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Ferric Carboxymaltose ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
South Indian ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Indian Perspective

BACKGROUND: Postpartum iron deciency anemia is considered as one of major public health problem with a high prevalence in developing country like India .It is associated with signicant morbidity. AIM AND METHOD: This perspective observational study was carried out to estimate the safety and effectiveness of iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose in treatment of postpartum iron deciency anemia. Total 100 participants diagnosed with postpartum anemia were allotted to receive either iron sucrose complex (n=50) or ferric carboxymaltose (n=50). RESULTS: Hemoglobin improvement was signicantly higher in ferric carboxymaltose than iron sucrose complex group (4.37 vs. 3.85 gm/dl, p<0.001), but rise in ferritin levels was comparable between the groups (116.59 vs. 110.48 ng/ml, p=0.330). Most of the patients tolerated the preparation well, minor side effects were observed in 12% and 48% of cases among iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose group respectively CONCLUSION: Even though oral iron is considered as a rst line therapy, it requires a prolonged administration and is associated with suboptimal response due to gastric intolerance and poor compliance. Intravenous iron preparations are safer, more convenient and effective alternative for treatment of postpartum iron deciency anemia.

scholarly journals Incidence of psychrotrophs bacteria with potential public health implications in ice cream sold in Zakho markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4247
Author(s):  
Yousif Abdulla AlBany ◽  
Reem Qasim Mohammed ◽  
Nagham Mohammed Azzo ◽  
Mohammad Ismail Al-Berfkani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Foodborne illness are caused by the consumption of food that is contaminated with either bacteria or their toxins and the most common causes are psychotropic bacteria which cause major public health problem. The aim was to detect and enumerate pathogenic bacteria in locally made ice cream.Methods: 250 locally made ice cream samples were randomly collected from automatic soft machines and dipping cabinets in the markets of Zakho city over a period of ten months starting in July 2016 to May 2017. All collected samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory. The most probable number methods used for detection and enumeration of pathogenic psychotropic bacteria.Results: In general, both types of ice cream samples were showed heavy contamination with aerobic bacteria. The Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) counts exceeded the standard limits in all samples; the count in dipping cabinets' samples was higher than automatic soft machines samples whereas Coliform count in automatic soft machines samples was higher than dipping cabinets' samples. High incidence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes had been detected in all ice cream samples and the range in samples from automatic soft machines were higher than samples obtained from dipping cabinets.Conclusions: This study indicates a high prevalence of pathogenic psychrotrophs in unpacked ice cream and poor hygiene during production, which make local ice cream unsuitable for consumption and it is indicating the need to monitor the hygienic quality of markets and the health authorities must be informed about such cases to avoid food poisoning. 

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