scholarly journals Tea: age-old beverage as an effective cancer chemopreventive agent

2011 ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Jasmine George ◽  
Nidhi Nigam ◽  
Yogeshwer Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Dreaded Disease

Cancer is the major public health problem, causing approximately 7 million deaths every year worldwide. The existing treatment approaches and surgical techniques have not been able to cope effectively with this dreaded disease. Because of this, the concept of chemoprevention is now considered a valid approach to reduce the incidence of cancer. There is convincing epidemiological and experimental evidence to show that dietary polyphenolic plant-derived compounds have cancer preventive properties. Based on evidence from in vitro, in vivo data and epidemiological studies, tea has received considerable attention over recent years for reducing the risk of several cancers. Much of the cancer preventive effects of tea, and in particular green tea, appear to be mediated by the polyphenols they contain. In addition to inhibiting mutagenesis and proliferation, tea is relatively non-toxic, is low cost, and can be taken orally or as a part of the daily diet. Therefore it is logical that future clinical studies should focus on examining the efficacy of tea and its active constituents, such as epigallocatechin- 3-gallate (EGCG) and theaflavins (TFs), in chemoprevention as an alternative to pharmacological agents. In this review, we address the use of tea and its constituents for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Further mechanistic and dose-response studies will help us to understand the effects of tea consumption on human carcinogenesis.

Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽  
Bhasha Shanmugam ◽  
Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽  
Sahukari Ravi ◽  
Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Non-Toxic Virucidal Macromolecules Show High Efficacy Against Influenza Virus Ex Vivo and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgun Kocabiyik ◽  
Valeria Cagno ◽  
Paulo Jacob Silva ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Laura Sedano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
New Class ◽  
Influenza Strain ◽  
Low Toxicity

AbstractInfluenza is one of the most widespread viral infections worldwide and represents a major public health problem. The risk that one of the next pandemics is caused by an influenza strain is very high. It is very important to develop broad-spectrum influenza antivirals to be ready for any possible vaccine shortcomings. Anti-influenza drugs are available but they are far from ideal. Arguably, an ideal antiviral should target conserved viral domains and be virucidal, i.e. irreversibly inhibit viral infectivity. Here, we describe a new class of broad-spectrum anti-influenza macromolecules that meets these criteria and displays exceedingly low toxicity. These compounds are based on a cyclodextrin core modified on its primary face with long hydrophobic linkers terminated in 6’sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (6’SLN) or 3’SLN. SLN enables nanomolar inhibition of the viruses while the hydrophobic linkers confer irreversibility to the inhibition. The combination of these two properties allows for efficacy in vitro against several human or avian influenza strains, as well as against a 2009 pandemic influenza strain ex vivo. Importantly, we show that, in mice, the compounds provide therapeutic efficacy when administered 24h post-infection allowing 90% survival as opposed to no survival for the placebo and oseltamivir..

scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves the Wound Healing Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Paracrine and Metabolism Alterations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hersant ◽  
Mounia Sid-Ahmed ◽  
Laura Braud ◽  
Maud Jourdan ◽  
Yasmine Baba-Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Safe Alternative

Chronic and acute nonhealing wounds represent a major public health problem, and replacement of cutaneous lesions by the newly regenerated skin is challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were separately tested in the attempt to regenerate the lost skin. However, these treatments often remained inefficient to achieve complete wound healing. Additional studies suggested that PRP could be used in combination with MSC to improve the cell therapy efficacy for tissue repair. However, systematic studies related to the effects of PRP on MSC properties and their ability to rebuild skin barrier are lacking. We evaluated in a mouse exhibiting 4 full-thickness wounds, the skin repair ability of a treatment combining human adipose-derived MSC and human PRP by comparison to treatment with saline solution, PRP alone, or MSC alone. Wound healing in these animals was measured at day 3, day 7, and day 10. In addition, we examined in vitro and in vivo whether PRP alters in MSC their proangiogenic properties, their survival, and their proliferation. We showed that PRP improved the efficacy of engrafted MSC to replace lost skin in mice by accelerating the wound healing processes and ameliorating the elasticity of the newly regenerated skin. In addition, we found that PRP treatment stimulated in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner, the proangiogenic potential of MSC through enhanced secretion of soluble factors like VEGF and SDF-1. Moreover, PRP treatment ameliorated the survival and activated the proliferation of in vitro cultured MSC and that these effects were accompanied by an alteration of the MSC energetic metabolism including oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial ATP production. Similar observations were found in vivo following combined administration of PRP and MSC into mouse wounds. In conclusion, our study strengthens that the use of PRP in combination with MSC might be a safe alternative to aid wound healing.

scholarly journals Antileishmanial Activity of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L) Fruit and Pit Extracts In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. NP98-NP102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedighe Albakhit ◽  
Shahram Khademvatan ◽  
Monir Doudi ◽  
Masoud Foroutan-Rad
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L

Leishmaniasis is considered as a major public health problem worldwide. Current drugs in treatment of leishmaniasis have some limitations; thus, the current study was aimed to assess the methanolic extracts of pit and fruit of Phoenix dactylifera against Leishmania major promastigotes. L major promastigotes were cultured in RPMI 1640 and incubated at 25°C ± 1°C for 24, 48, and 72 hours. For obtaining the IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value, MTT assay was employed. Furthermore, promastigotes were examined in terms of morphology under light microscope. About 48 hours after treatment, IC50s were estimated 23 μg/mL and 500 mg/mL for methanolic extracts of pit and fruit of P dactylifera, respectively. Both extracts exhibited a dose and time-dependent antileishmanial activity against L major parasites. Also, some visible morphological changes were seen. This finding revealed both date fruit and pit, are effective against L major promastigotes. Further studies should be designed in future based on apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Silencing lncRNA TUG1 Alleviates LPS-Induced Mouse Hepatocyte Inflammation by Targeting miR-140/TNF

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Min Liu ◽  
Li-Li Liu ◽  
Xi-Dong Li ◽  
Ping Tian ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Inflammation Response ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Lncrna Tug1

Hepatitis is a major public health problem that increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Numerous studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert essential function in the inflammatory response of multiple organs. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of lncRNA TUG1 in LPS-induced hepatocyte inflammation response and further illuminate the underlying mechanisms. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS, and the liver inflammation was evaluated. Microarray showed that lncRNA TUG1 was upregulated in LPS-induced hepatocyte inflammation. qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence assay indicated a significant increase of TUG1 in mice with LPS injection. Functional analysis showed that si-TUG1 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation response in mice liver, inhibited apoptosis level, and protected liver function. Then, we knock down TUG1 in normal human hepatocyte AML12. Consistent with in vivo results, si-TUG1 removed the injury of LPS on AML12 cells. Furthermore, TUG1 acted as a sponge of miR-140, and miR-140 directly targeted TNFα (TNF). MiR-140 or si-TNF remitted the beneficial effects of TUG1 on LPS-induced hepatocyte inflammation response both in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that deletion of TUG1 protected against LPS-induced hepatocyte inflammation via regulating miR-140/TNF, which might provide new insight for hepatitis treatment.

Mechanism of Action of Limonene in Tumor Cells: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana de Vasconcelos Cerqueira Braz ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira de Carvalho ◽  
Daniele de Vasconcelos Cerqueira Meneses ◽  
Fernanda Araújo Felipe Calixto ◽  
Hericalizandra Santa Rosa Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Background: Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease, and a major public health problem, as it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although treatments have significantly improved, there is a still a search for more effective drugs. One source for these are natural products (NPs). One NP that has shown anticancer activity is Limonene. However, the mechanisms of limonene's antiproliferative, anticancer and antineoplastic activity are not fully understood. Objective: The objective of this study is, therefore, to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on this subject. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases using the keywords: "limonene", “cancer”, “neoplasm”, “tumor”. The inclusion criteria were: in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of limonene in cancer published in English, Portuguese and Spanish until December 2019. Review articles, meta-analyses, abstracts, conference papers, editorials/letters and case reports were excluded. Results: The search identified 3568 articles. Of which 126 were selected for full reading with 11 papers meeting the review criteria. Six more papers were added from the references of the initial 11 texts, giving a total of 17 papers. There was a high level of agreement on inclusion/exclusion (Kappa index > 80%). Risk of bias I the texts was shown to be high. Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggests that limonene acts mainly on tumor regression induced apoptosis, and is a promising natural product for use in the treatment of several types of cancer.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Cerebral Malaria: Recent Experimental Data and Possible Applications for Humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinning Lou ◽  
Ralf Lucas ◽  
Georges E. Grau
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

SUMMARY Malaria still is a major public health problem, partly because the pathogenesis of its major complication, cerebral malaria, remains incompletely understood. Experimental models represent useful tools to better understand the mechanisms of this syndrome. Here, data generated by several models are reviewed both in vivo and in vitro; we propose that some pathogenic mechanisms, drawn from data obtained from experiments in a mouse model, may be instrumental in humans. In particular, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 is involved in this syndrome, implying that the transmembrane form of TNF may be more important than the soluble form of the cytokine. It has also been shown that in addition to differences in immune responsiveness between genetically resistant and susceptible mice, there are marked differences at the level of the target cell of the lesion, namely, the brain endothelial cell. In murine cerebral malaria, a paradoxical role of platelets has been proposed. Indeed, platelets appear to be pathogenic rather than protective in inflammatory conditions because they can potentiate the deleterious effects of TNF. More recently, it has been shown that interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells have phenotypic and functional consequences for the endothelial cells. A better understanding of these complex interactions leading to vascular injury will help improve the outcome of cerebral malaria.

scholarly journals Liposomes Co-Encapsulating Cisplatin/Mifepristone Improve the Effect on Cervical Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Fabricio Ledezma-Gallegos ◽  
Rafael Jurado ◽  
Roser Mir ◽  
Luis Alberto Medina ◽  
Laura Mondragon-Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cervical Tumors

Cervical cancer is usually diagnosed in the later stages despite many campaigns for early detection and continues to be a major public health problem. The standard treatment is cisplatin-based chemotherapy plus radiotherapy, but patient response is far from ideal. In the research for new drugs that enhance the activity of cisplatin, different therapeutic agents have been tested, among them the antiprogestin mifepristone. Nevertheless, the efficacy of cisplatin is limited by its low specificity for tumor tissue, which causes severe side effects. Additionally, cervical tumors often become drug resistant. These problems could possibly be addressed by the use of liposome nanoparticles to encapsulate drugs and deliver them to the target. The aim of this study was to prepare liposome nanoparticles that co-encapsulate cisplatin and mifepristone, evaluate their cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and in vivo with subcutaneous inoculations of xenografts in nu/nu mice, and examine some plausible mechanisms of action. The liposomes were elaborated by the reverse-phase method and characterized by physicochemical tests. The nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 109 ± 5.4 nm and a Zeta potential of −38.7 ± 1.2 mV, the latter parameter indicating a stable formulation. These drug-loaded liposomes significantly decreased cell viability in vitro and tumor size in vivo, without generating systemic toxicity in the animals. There was evidence of cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. The promising results with the co-encapsulation of cisplatin/mifepristone warrant further research.

scholarly journals Biomedical Mutation Analysis (BMA): A software tool for analyzing mutations associated with antiviral resistance

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Salvatierra ◽  
Hector Florez
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Potent Effect

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered a major public health problem, with 200 million people infected worldwide. The treatment for HCV chronic infection with pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin inhibitors is unspecific; consequently, the treatment is effective in only 50% of patients infected. This has prompted the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) that target virus proteins. These DAA have demonstrated a potent effect in vitro and in vivo; however, virus mutations associated with the development of resistance have been described. Objective: To design and develop an online information system for detecting mutations in amino acids known to be implicated in resistance to DAA. Materials and methods:    We have used computer applications, technological tools, standard languages, infrastructure systems and algorithms, to analyze positions associated with resistance to DAA for the NS3, NS5A, and NS5B genes of HCV. Results: We have designed and developed an online information system named Biomedical Mutation Analysis (BMA), which allows users to calculate changes in nucleotide and amino acid sequences for each selected sequence from conventional Sanger and cloning sequencing using a graphical interface. Conclusion: BMA quickly, easily and effectively analyzes mutations, including complete documentation and examples. Furthermore, the development of different visualization techniques allows proper interpretation and understanding of the results. The data obtained using BMA will be useful for the assessment and surveillance of HCV resistance to new antivirals, and for the treatment regimens by selecting those DAA to which the virus is not resistant, avoiding unnecessary treatment failures. The software is available at: http://bma.itiud.org.

scholarly journals Host-Parasite Relationship in Cystic Echinococcosis: An Evolving Story

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Siracusano ◽  
Federica Delunardo ◽  
Antonella Teggi ◽  
Elena Ortona
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis

The larval stage ofEchinococcus granulosuscauses cystic echinococcosis, a neglected infectious disease that constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries. Despite being under constant barrage by the immune system,E. granulosusmodulates antiparasite immune responses and persists in the human hosts with detectable humoral and cellular responses against the parasite.In vitroandin vivoimmunological approaches, together with molecular biology and immunoproteomic technologies, provided us exciting insights into the mechanisms involved in the initiation ofE. granulosusinfection and the consequent induction and regulation of the immune response. Although the last decade has clarified many aspects of host-parasite relationship in human cystic echinococcosis, establishing the full mechanisms that cause the disease requires more studies. Here, we review some of the recent developments and discuss new avenues in this evolving story ofE. granulosusinfection in man.

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