scholarly journals Childhood Health Consequences of Maternal Obesity during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Gaillard ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Liesbeth Duijts ◽  
Janine F. Felix
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Obesity is a major public health problem among women of reproductive age. In a narrative review, we examined the influence of maternal obesity during pregnancy on fetal outcomes and childhood adiposity, cardio-metabolic, respiratory and cognitive-related health outcomes. We discuss results from recent studies, the causality and potential underlying mechanisms of observed associations and challenges for future epidemiological studies. Summary: Evidence from observational studies strongly suggests that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are associated with increased risks of fetal pregnancy complications and adverse childhood cardio-metabolic, respiratory and cognitive-related health outcomes. It remains unclear whether these associations are due to intrauterine mechanisms or explained by confounding family-based sociodemographic, lifestyle and genetic factors. The underlying mechanisms have mainly been assessed in animal studies and small human studies, and are yet to be further explored in large human studies. Key Message: Maternal obesity is an important modifiable factor during pregnancy that is associated with a variety of adverse offspring health outcomes. Further studies are needed to explore the causality and underlying mechanisms of the observed associations. Ultimately, preventive strategies focused on reducing maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy may reduce common diseases in future generations.

scholarly journals Relationship of prenatal maternal obesity and diabetes to offspring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1981-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghua Kong ◽  
Xinxia Chen ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
Catharina Lavebratt
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Modest Effect

Abstract Obesity and diabetes is a worldwide public health problem among women of reproductive age. This narrative review highlights recent epidemiological studies regarding associations of maternal obesity and diabetes with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring, and provides an overview of plausible underlying mechanisms and challenges for future human studies. A comprehensive search strategy selected terms that corresponded to the domains of interest (maternal obesity, different types of diabetes, offspring cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disorders). The databases searched for articles published between January 2010 and April 2019 were PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL. Evidence from epidemiological studies strongly suggests that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with increased risks for autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive dysfunction with modest effect sizes, and that maternal diabetes is associated with the risk of the former two disorders. The influence of maternal obesity on other psychiatric disorders is less well studied, but there are reports of associations with increased risks for offspring depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and eating disorders, at modest effect sizes. It remains unclear whether these associations are due to intrauterine mechanisms or explained by confounding family-based sociodemographic, lifestyle and genetic factors. The plausible underlying mechanisms have been explored primarily in animal models, and are yet to be further investigated in human studies.

scholarly journals Developmental programming of peripheral diseases in offspring exposed to maternal obesity during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. R507-R516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirajan Shrestha ◽  
Henry C. Ezechukwu ◽  
Olivia J. Holland ◽  
Deanne H. Hryciw
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Offspring Development ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Obesity is an increasing global health epidemic that affects all ages, including women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, maternal obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes that lead to complications for the mother. In addition, maternal obesity can increase the risk of poor perinatal outcomes for the infant due to altered development. Recent research has investigated the effects of maternal obesity on peripheral organ development and health in later life in offspring. In this review, we have summarized studies that investigated the programming effects of maternal obesity before and during pregnancy on metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, and microbiome perturbations in offspring. Epidemiological studies investigating the effects of maternal obesity on offspring development can be complex due to other copathologies and genetic diversity. Animal studies have provided some insights into the specific mechanisms and pathways involved in programming peripheral disease risk. The effects of maternal obesity during pregnancy on offspring development are often sex specific, with sex-specific changes in placental transport and function suggestive that this organ is likely to play a central role. We believe that this review will assist in facilitating future investigations regarding the underlying mechanisms that link maternal obesity and offspring disease risk in peripheral organs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia and its epidemiological correlates among women of reproductive age group in an urban slum of Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rushali R. Lilare ◽  
Durgesh Prasad Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rich Food

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem affecting children, adolescent, women of reproductive age groups and lactating mothers worldwide. As per NFHS-IV data, prevalence of anaemia in India is 53%. This study was done to assess the prevalence of anaemia and its epidemiological correlates among women in reproductive age groups in an urban slum of Mumbai. Methods: This community based cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban slum in Mumbai. Total 315 women in the reproductive age groups (15-49 years) were enrolled in the study. Samples were selected by stratified random sampling from various sectors. All respondents were interviewed and haemoglobin estimation was done with Sahli’s method. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0 and chi-square test was used to find out the association between two qualitative variables. Results: The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anaemia was 37.1%, 9.5% and 2.9% respectively. The factors associated with anaemia were education (p value=0.0001), socio-economic status (p value=0.001), consumption of iron rich food (p value=0.0001) and interval between two successive pregnancy in years (p value=0.0001). Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that education, socioeconomic status, consumption of iron rich food, interval between successive pregnancies affect the overall blood haemoglobin level on a long run. Community awareness regarding education and schooling of girls will help to increase the education level of women and would indirectly help to increase the health awareness and decrease the prevalence of anaemia. 

scholarly journals To assess the prevalence of STI/RTI using syndromic case management in the urban health centre area of greater Visakhapatnam municipal corporation, Andhra Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Srinivas Rao Ganta ◽  
K. K. L. Prasad ◽  
P. J. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urban Health Centre

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases remain a major public health problem in many parts of the world. 340 million new cases of curable STIS occur every year. 75 to 85% are seen in developing countries and rank second as the cause of healthy life lost among women of reproductive age group, after maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: The study was conducted at Rama Murthy Pantulu Peta in the field area of urban health centre of greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, Visakhapatnam during September 2015 to October 2016. The study design was a community based descriptive study. Based on the prevalence of STI as stated by National AIDS Control Organization, a sample of 1541 is calculated.Results: The overall prevalence of RTI/STI in our study is 18.88%. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of STI/RTI among female respondents is found to be 27.97%. Majority of females complained of vaginal discharge (26.68%),vulvas itching (10%), lower abdominal pain (6.34%) followed by abnormal vaginal bleeding (5.91%).The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of RTI/STI is found to be 9.75% among male respondents and majority complained of Urethral Discharge (8.4%) followed by inguinal/scrotal swelling (5.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of Reproductive tract infections is more in females when compared to males in our study. Health education regarding the sexual and personal hygiene should be targeted to both males and females so as to decrease the prevalence of Sexual transmitted diseases in the urban health centre areas of Visakhapatnam. 

scholarly journals Maternal Obesity and Its Adverse Effect on Maternal and Fetal Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Zahraa M. Lutfy ◽  
Ayman S. Dawood ◽  
Adel E. Al Gergawy ◽  
Mustafa Z. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate obesity as one of the most important global health threats. The epidemic is especially pronounced in women of reproductive age. Prepregnancy obesity is an independent risk factor for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The origin of this epidemic is unhealthy lifestyle – high energy and high-fat diet and physical inactivity. During periconceptual period and pregnancy, the composition of a woman’s diet is of particular importance, as it may influence the pregnancy, the delivery and the health of the mother and the infant later on, so an excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is not recommended. The aim of our study is to clarify the complications related to excess prepregnancy body weight on maternal and fetal health. Methods: Hundred obese pregnant women with BMI (30-40 Kg/m2) measured at first trimester were prospectively enrolled into this study. Routine blood pressures, random blood sugar measuring and ultrasonographic follow up are required during pregnancy for early detection of any complications related to maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Results: cases statistically evaluated in these study were 100 pregnant females with mean age 27.34 years + 5 years SD and mean BMI 32.97 Kg/m2 + 2.92 Kg/m2 SD. Denoting in our study, the effect of maternal obesity om maternal and fetal health. Conclusion: A causal relationship between the prepregnancy BMI and obstetric complications is proven. Weight management is important for every women of reproductive age. Thus, medical Practice must consider these complications by providing early detection and management to improve both maternal and neonatal outcome.

scholarly journals Silencing lncRNA TUG1 Alleviates LPS-Induced Mouse Hepatocyte Inflammation by Targeting miR-140/TNF

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Min Liu ◽  
Li-Li Liu ◽  
Xi-Dong Li ◽  
Ping Tian ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Inflammation Response ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Lncrna Tug1

Hepatitis is a major public health problem that increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Numerous studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert essential function in the inflammatory response of multiple organs. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of lncRNA TUG1 in LPS-induced hepatocyte inflammation response and further illuminate the underlying mechanisms. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS, and the liver inflammation was evaluated. Microarray showed that lncRNA TUG1 was upregulated in LPS-induced hepatocyte inflammation. qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence assay indicated a significant increase of TUG1 in mice with LPS injection. Functional analysis showed that si-TUG1 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation response in mice liver, inhibited apoptosis level, and protected liver function. Then, we knock down TUG1 in normal human hepatocyte AML12. Consistent with in vivo results, si-TUG1 removed the injury of LPS on AML12 cells. Furthermore, TUG1 acted as a sponge of miR-140, and miR-140 directly targeted TNFα (TNF). MiR-140 or si-TNF remitted the beneficial effects of TUG1 on LPS-induced hepatocyte inflammation response both in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that deletion of TUG1 protected against LPS-induced hepatocyte inflammation via regulating miR-140/TNF, which might provide new insight for hepatitis treatment.

scholarly journals Zika Virus and the Risk of Developing Microcephaly in Infants: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Antoniou ◽  
Eirini Orovou ◽  
Angeliki Sarella ◽  
Maria Iliadou ◽  
Nikolaos Rigas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

The global epidemic of Zika virus has been a major public health problem affecting pregnant women and their infants. Zika virus causes a viral disease transmitted to humans mainly by the infected Aedes mosquito bite. The infection is not severe in most cases; however, there is evidence that infection during pregnancy may be associated with fetal genetic abnormalities (including microcephaly). In addition to microcephaly and other malformations, some specific lesions in the central nervous system have been reported. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the risk of developing microcephaly in infants whose mothers were infected with Zika virus in pregnancy. Epidemiological studies and case reports were incorporated in our review, finally including 15 articles from an initial pool of 355 related papers. Most studies have linked maternal infection during pregnancy to the development of neonatal microcephaly. The period considered most dangerous is the first trimester and the beginning or the whole of the second trimester. In order to understand the relationship between Zika virus and microcephaly in infants, a cohort study will be able to estimate the time from the onset of Zika infection and the full spectrum of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Inflammasomes in the Pathophysiology of Maternal Obesity: Potential Therapeutic Targets to Reduce Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes in the Mother and Offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Padma Murthi ◽  
Gayathri Rajaraman
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

: Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically worldwide, with an increase in occurrence among women in their reproductive age. Obesity during pregnancy is associated with significantly increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In addition to the short-term adverse health outcomes, both mother and the child are prone to develop cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological disorders. Although associations between obesity during pregnancy and adverse maternalfetal health outcomes are clear, the complex molecular mechanisms underlying maternal obesity remain largely unknown. This review describes multimeric self-assembling protein complexes, namely inflammasomes, as potential molecular targets in the pathophysiology of maternal obesity. Inflammasomes are implicated in both normal physiological and in pathophysiological processes that occur in response to an inflammatory milieu throughout gestation. This review highlights the current knowledge of inflammasome expression and its activity in pregnancies affected by maternal obesity. Key discussions in defining pharmacological inhibition of upstream as well as downstream targets of the inflammasome signaling cascade; and the inflammasome platform, as a potential therapeutic strategy in attenuating the pathophysiology underpinning inflammatory component in maternal obesity are presented herein.

scholarly journals Kejadian Kekerasan pada Perempuan Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-371
Author(s):  
Winda Ayu Fazraningtyas ◽  
Dini Rahmayani ◽  
Indana Rahmah Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
The Impact

LATAR BELAKANG Kekerasan terhadap perempuan, terutama kekerasan pada pasangan dan kekerasan seksual adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama dan merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak asasi perempuan. Data yang diterbitkan oleh WHO (2018) menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 1 dari 3 (35%) perempuan di seluruh dunia telah mengalami kekerasan. Hal ini semakin bertambah selama masa pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi hampir di seluruh belahan dunia.  Pembatasan sosial yang dilakukan selama masa pandemi ini berdampak pada perekonomian, membuat ekonomi keluarga terpuruk, dan berimbas pada situasi dan kondisi perempuan. Segala kegiatan yang terpusat di rumah membuat beban domestik yang sangat besar bagi perempuan, mulai dari mengurus rumah hingga memastikan anak-anak mengakses pendidikan dari rumah.TUJUAN Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan yang terjadi selama masa pandemi COVID-19 .METODE Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan narrative review. Artikel yang digunakan pada studi ini diambil dari Google Scholar dan Pubmed dengan total artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria adalah 10 artikel. Semua artikel yang digunakan dalam studi ini berasal dari tahun 2020.HASIL Terdapat peningkatan kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan. Dampak kekerasan perempuan dapat mempengaruhi di gangguan reproduksi seperti ketidakteraturan menstruasi, dan gangguan dalam proses kehamilan, dan gangguan mental seperti munculnya kecemasan, takut, letih, dan stress, bahkan tidak jarang berdampak pada gangguan makan dan tidurKESIMPULAN Kekerasan yang terjadi pada perempuan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan semakin lamanya pandemi COVID-19 ini berlangsung. Hal ini dikarenakan pembatasan sosial yang diterapkan untuk mengurangi penyebaran dari pandemi ini menyebabkan perempuan dan pasangan harus menetap dalam satu rumah dan tidak dapat menghindarinya. Untuk itu, manajemen emosional sangat diperlukan untuk meminimalisir kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan ini.  Kata Kunci: pandemi COVID-19, Kekerasan pada Perempuan  Abstract Background: Violence against women, especially violence against partners and sexual violence is a major public health problem and one of a violation of women's human rights. According to WHO (2018) emphasized that around 1 in 3 (35%) women worldwide have experienced violence. Furthermore, this increased during the COVID-19 pandemic which occurred in almost all parts of the world. The social restrictions imposed during the pandemic have an impact on the economy, making the family economy worse, and impacting the situation and condition of women. All activities centered at home create a huge domestic burden for women, from managing the house to making sure children access education from home.Aim: This study aimed to analyze the incidence of violence against women that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: This study used a narrative review approach. The articles used in this study were taken from Google Scholar and also Pubmed with a total of 10 articles that fit the criteria. All articles used in this study date from 2020.Result: There is an increase in the incidence of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of violence on women can affect reproductive disorders such as menstrual irregularities, and disorders in the process of pregnancy, and mental disorders such as the emergence of anxiety, fear, fatigue, and stress, even not infrequently have an impact on eating and sleep disorders.Conclusion: The violence that occurred in these women increased along with the length of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is because the social restrictions that are implemented to reduce the spread of this pandemic cause women and couples to settle in one house and cannot avoid it. Therefore, emotional management is needed to minimize the incidence of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Kata Kunci: the COVID-19 pandemic, violence against women

Molecular genetics of human hypertension

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maolian Gong ◽  
Norbert Hubner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Human Hypertension ◽  
High Prevalence

EH (essential hypertension) is a major public health problem in many countries due to its high prevalence and its association with coronary heart disease, stroke, renal disease, peripheral vascular disease and other disorders. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that EH is heritable. Owing to the fact that blood pressure is controlled by cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, many molecular pathways are believed to be involved in the disease. In this review, recent genetic studies investigating the molecular basis of EH, including different molecular pathways, will be highlighted.

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