Fibre types in breast and leg muscles of hand-reared and wild grey partridge (Perdix perdix)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahti EI Pyörnilä ◽  
Ahti P Putaala ◽  
Raimo K Hissa
Keyword(s):  
Relative Number ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perdix Perdix ◽  
Grey Partridge ◽  
The Poor ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fast Twitch

Fibre types and sizes and their relative numbers and cross-sectional areas in M. pectoralis, M. supracoracoideus, and M. iliotibialis of hand-reared and wild grey partridge (Perdix perdix) were determined in order to see if there are differences that could account for the poor survival of hand-reared birds released into the wild. Histochemical staining for myosin ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) showed that most breast-muscle fibres (80-90%) are of the fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) type and a smaller portion of the fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) type. In M. iliotibialis, about 60% of the fibres were FG fibres and the rest were of the FOG type. Judging from the low intensity of SDH staining, FOG fibres in the grey partridge appear weakly oxidative only. The relative number of FG fibres and their relative cross-sectional area in M. pectoralis were larger in the hand-reared than in the wild birds. The cross-sectional areas of both fibre types in M. iliotibialis were significantly larger in the hand-reared birds. Taken as a whole, these findings alone do not account for the poor survival of hand-reared partridge in the wild.

Shift from slow- to fast-twitch muscle fibres in skeletal muscle of newborn heterozygous and homozygous myostatin-knockout piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Fu Xuan ◽  
Zhao-Bo Luo ◽  
Jun-Xia Wang ◽  
Qing Guo ◽  
Sheng-Zhong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Fast Twitch

Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that negatively regulates skeletal muscle development. A lack of MSTN induces muscle hypertrophy and increases formation of fast-twitch (Type II) muscle fibres. This study investigated muscle development in newborn heterozygous (MSTN+/−) and homozygous (MSTN−/−) MSTN-knockout piglets. Detailed morphological and gene and protein expression analyses were performed of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and diaphragm of MSTN+/−, MSTN−/− and wild-type (WT) piglets. Haematoxylin–eosin staining revealed that the cross-sectional area of muscle fibres was significantly larger in MSTN-knockout than WT piglets. ATPase staining demonstrated that the percentage of Type IIb and IIa muscle fibres was significantly higher in MSTN−/− and MSTN+/− piglets respectively than in WT piglets. Western blotting showed that protein expression of myosin heavy chain-I was reduced in muscles of MSTN-knockout piglets. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction revealed that, compared with WT piglets, myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) mRNA expression in muscles was 1.3- to 2-fold higher in MSTN+/− piglets and 1.8- to 3.5-fold higher MSTN−/− piglets (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). However, expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) mRNA in muscles was significantly lower in MSTN+/− than WT piglets (P<0.05). MSTN plays an important role in skeletal muscle development and regulates muscle fibre type by modulating the gene expression of MyoD and MEF2C in newborn piglets.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular organization of avian flight muscle: architecture of single muscle fibres in muscle units of the pectoralis (pars thoracicus) of pigeon (Columba livia)

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1385) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sokoloff ◽  
G. E. Goslow
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Fast Twitch

The M. pectoralis (pars thoracicus) of pigeons ( Columba livia ) is comprised of short muscle fibres that do not extend from muscle origin to insertion but overlap ‘in-series’. Individual pectoralis motor units are limited in territory to a portion of muscle length and are comprised of either fast twitch, oxidative and glycolytic fibres (FOG) or fast twitch and glycolytic fibres (FG). FOG fibres make up 88 to 90% of the total muscle population and have a mean diameter one-half of that of the relatively large FG fibres. Here we report on the organization of individual fibres identified in six muscle units depleted of glycogen, three comprised of FOG fibres and three comprised of FG fibres. For each motor unit, fibre counts revealed unequal numbers of depleted fibres in different unit cross-sections. We traced individual fibres in one unit comprised of FOG fibres and a second comprised of FG fibres. Six fibres from a FOG unit (total length 15.45 mm) ranged from 10.11 to 11.82 mm in length and averaged (±s.d.) 10.74±0.79 mm. All originated bluntly (en mass) from a fascicle near the proximal end of the muscle unit and all terminated intramuscularly. Five of these ended in a taper and one ended bluntly. Fibres coursed on average for 70% of the muscle unit length. Six fibres from a FG unit (total length 34.76 mm) ranged from 8.97 to 18.38 mm in length and averaged 15.32 ±3.75 mm. All originated bluntly and terminated intramuscularly; one of these ended in a taper and five ended bluntly. Fibres coursed on average for 44% of the muscle unit length. Because fibres of individual muscle units do not extend the whole muscle unit territory, the effective cross-sectional area changes along the motor unit length. These non-uniformities in the distribution of fibres within a muscle unit emphasize that the functional interactions within and between motor units are complex.

scholarly journals Variation in normalized isometric tetanic force of isolated fast-twitch muscle fibres of Rana temporaria.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529
Author(s):  
H P Buschman ◽  
W J van der Laarse ◽  
G J Stienen ◽  
G Elzinga
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
Fast Twitch

The origin of the threefold variation found previously in isometric force normalized to cross-sectional area of single fast-twitch tibialis anterior muscle fibres of the frog Rana temporaria was studied by using (1) a strictly defined stimulus protocol, and (2) influencing the condition of the frog using artificial hibernation. Variation in normalized force was found to be influenced by the length of the rest period between tetani. After a long rest (> 6h), tetanic force production was less than for a tetanus produced after 1 h. The length of the rest period accounted for a factor of 1.24 of the total variation in normalized force. The condition of the frog also influenced normalized force production. Little variation in normalized force was observed between different fibres from the same animal, whereas a significant difference was found between animals. After artificial hibernation, force normalized to cross-sectional area remained unchanged, but force normalized to dry mass per unit length increased; the total variation increased from a factor of 1.37 to a factor of 1.64. Force normalized to muscle protein mass per unit length, however, was not affected by artificial hibernation. We conclude that variation in normalized tetanic force can be partly reduced by standardization of the stimulation protocol and normalization to protein content per unit length.

Tissue Displacement Is a Causative Factor in Vibration-Induced Muscle Injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. NECKING ◽  
R. LUNDSTRÖM ◽  
L. B. DAHLIN ◽  
G. LUNDBORG ◽  
L-E. THORNELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fast Twitch

The early skeletal muscle response to vibration stimulus at two different displacement levels was examined. Twelve rats were anaesthetized and the hind limb was exposed to vibration, 80 Hz, 63 μm rms (root mean square) (group 1) and 40 Hz; 130 μm rms (group 2) for 5 hours/day for 2 days. Cross-sectional areas of vibrated muscle fibres were significantly larger in group 2. Sizes of different fibre types were differently affected: the slow-twitch type 1 fibres were significantly enlarged in both groups, while the fast-twitch type 2 fibres demonstrated a mixed response pattern. Centrally positioned muscle fibre nuclei increased significantly after vibration in group 2. It is concluded that the level of tissue displacement is a crucial factor for development of vibration-induced muscle injury.

scholarly journals New Insights into Muscle Fibre Types in Casertana Pig

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Claudia Vitale ◽  
Tommaso Stasi ◽  
Antonio Crasto
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Fibre Type Composition ◽  
Giant Fibres ◽  
Fast Twitch

Little is known about the Casertana pig. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex on histochemical and morphometrical characteristics of muscle fibres (myocytes) in this pure breed and to verify the presence of giant fibres as well as vascularity of the muscle. Finally, maximum shortening velocity and isometric tension were measured in single muscle fibres. Sixteen Casertana pigs (8 males, 8 females) from a farm in Campania (Italy) were slaughtered at one year of age. Muscle tissues were obtained from psoas minor, rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi. Myofibres were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, and α-amylase-periodic acid schiff. For all fibre types, the area and perimeter were measured. Slowtwitch oxidative fibres, fast-twitch glycolytic fibres and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres were histochemically differentiated; an image-analyzing system was used. The results showed significant differences between the sexes in the size of all three fibre types. The psoas minor muscle had a high percentage of slow-twitch oxidative fibres and contained more capillaries per fibre and per mm2 than rhomboideus and longissimus dorsi, in which fast-twitch glycolytic fibres dominated. The cross-sectional area of all fibre types was larger in longissimus dorsi than in rhomboideus and psoas minor muscles; the giant fibres were present in the longissimus dorsi muscle only. Besides, isometric tension values were higher in fast-twitch glycolytic fibres than in the other ones. Variations in fibre type composition may contribute to meat quality.

Myopathy in Bone Loss of Ageing: Improvement by Treatment with 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol and Calcium

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. Sørensen ◽  
BI. Lund ◽  
B. Saltin ◽  
BJ. Lund ◽  
R. B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Vitamin D Analogue

1. Eleven patients with the bone loss of ageing were treated with the vitamin D analogue 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium for 3–6 months. 2. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and after the treatment and the activity of several enzymes was measured. Succinate dehydrogenase and total phosphorylase activities, which are a measure of the oxidative capacity, were low and increased significantly with the treatment. The lactate dehydrogenase activity, which can be taken as a measure of the anaerobic metabolism, was normal and did not change with treatment. The phosphagen stores, ATP and creatine phosphate were low and increased to normal with treatment. 3. Histochemical classification of the fibre composition revealed that the treatment induced an increase in the relative number of fast-twitch a (FTa or type II A) fibres accompanied by a reduction of the fast-twitch b (FTb or type II B) fibres. The cross-sectional area of the FTa fibres also increased with the treatment. 4. The present findings indicate that treatment with the active vitamin D analogue, 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol, and calcium improves the myopathy associated with the bone loss of ageing.

scholarly journals The turnover of cytochrome c in different skeletal-muscle fibre types of the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibre ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Fast Twitch

The turnover of cytochrome c was determined in the three skeletal-muscle fibre types of adult male rats by a kinetic analysis that followed the time course of cytochrome c content change. Confirming evidence was obtained with double-labelling studies using delta-aminolaevulinate. Cytochrome c turnover was most rapid in the low-oxidative fast-twitch white fibre [t1/2 (half-life) about 4 days], slowest in the high-oxidative fast-twitch red fibre (t1/2 9-10 days) and relatively rapid in the high-oxidative slow-twitch red fibre (t1/2 5-6 days). Thus cytochrome c turnover does not strictly conform to either the appearance (i.e. red or white) or the contractile characteristics (i.e. fast or slow) of the muscle fibres. The synthesis rates needed to maintain the corresponding cytochrome c concentrations, however, were similarly high in the two mitochondria-rich red fibre types. These data illustrate that both the synthesis and degradation processes are important in establishing the cytochrome c concentrations that distinguish the different skeletal-muscle fibre types.

Fibre types in breast and leg muscles of hand-reared and wild grey partridge (Perdix perdix)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahti E.I. Pyörnilä ◽  
Ahti P. Putaala ◽  
Raimo K. Hissa
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Types ◽  
Perdix Perdix ◽  
Grey Partridge ◽  
Leg Muscles

scholarly journals Skeletal Myocyte Types and Vascularity in the Black Sicilian Pig

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Velotto ◽  
E. Varricchio ◽  
M. R. Di Prisco ◽  
T. Stasi ◽  
A. Crasto
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fibre Types ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fibre Type Composition ◽  
Psoas Major Muscle ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Giant Fibres ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Fast Twitch

The objective of this study was to verify the presence of giant fibres in the Black Sicilian pig skeletal muscle and to evaluate the effect of sex on histochemical and morphometric characteristics of the myocytes (myofibres) as well as vascularity of the muscle. Twenty Black Sicilian pigs (10 males, 10 females) from a farm in Sicily (Italy) were slaughtered at two years of age. Muscle tissues were obtained from three muscles: psoas major, longissimus dorsi, and trapezius. Myofibres were stained for myosin ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase, and α-amylase-PAS. For all fibre types, area and perimeter were measured. Slow-twitch oxidative fibres, fast-twitch glycolytic fibres and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres were histochemically differentiated; an image-analyzing system was used. The results showed no differences between males and females in percentage of the fibre types, but there were significant differences between sexes in size of all the three fibre types. Psoas major muscle had a high percentage of slow-twitch oxidative fibres and contained more capillaries per fibre and per mm2 than trapezius and longissimus dorsi, in which fast-twitch glycolytic fibres dominated. The cross-sectional area of all fibres types was larger in longissimus dorsi than in trapezius and psoas major muscles; the giant fibres were absent in all the muscles studied. Fibre type composition may contribute to the variation of meat quality.

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