Are Racial Differences in Essential Hypertension Due to Different Pathogenetic Mechanisms?

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 383s-386s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Sever ◽  
W. S. Peart ◽  
T. W. Meade ◽  
I. B. Davies ◽  
D. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Made In

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity were measured in a control, British, urban population (n = 115) in which blacks were matched for age and sex with whites. 2. Similar measurements were made in subjects with essential hypertension (77 white and 23 black), and 48 healthy normotensive white civil servants. 3. In controls blood pressure was significantly higher in blacks; it correlated with age in both races and with pulse rate in blacks. There were no significant racial differences in plasma noradrenaline which was positively correlated with age in both blacks and whites. Mean plasma renin activity was 55% lower in blacks, and this difference was not related to urinary sodium excretion. 4. In hypertensive subjects plasma noradrenaline positively correlated with age in blacks. This relationship was not found in whites in whom 20% of young hypertensive subjects (<45 years) had significantly raised plasma noradrenaline. Plasma renin activity was again significantly lower in blacks. In white hypertensives plasma noradrenaline and renin activity were significantly correlated. 5. There may be racial differences in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

Plasma Renin Activity: A Method for Rapid Screening by Radioimmunoassay and a Comparison of Two Commercially Available Kits

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1396-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel D Goldberg ◽  
F W Spierto
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract Twenty to thirty percent of patients with essential hypertension have subnormal plasma renin activity (PRA) and lower incidences of stroke and myocardial infarction. NaCl intake influences PRA, which should thus be compared with 24-h urinary sodium excretion. Because such specimens are difficult to collect accurately, we investigated the relation between PRA and sodium in casual (i.e., untimed) urine specimens and found none. However, PRA and urinary Na/creatinine ratio are inversely correlated for casual specimens. This method is useful for screening individuals whose salt intake is low. Mean PRA, measured by the Schwarz-Mann procedure, was 0.62 ± 0.12 (SD) ng/ml per hour for 59 normotensive volunteers, 35% lower by the Squibb procedure.

Plasma Catecholamines and Renin Activity in Response to Exercise in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
J. Chodakowska ◽  
K. Nazar ◽  
B. Wocial ◽  
M. Jarecki ◽  
B. Skórka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects

1. The effect of physical exercise on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity was studied in fourteen patients with essential hypertension and in eight healthy subjects. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline and plasma renin activity of the hypertensive patients did not differ from those of the control subjects. 3. In response to graded exercise producing successive heart rates of 120, 140 and 160 beats/min, significantly greater increases of blood pressure were found in the patients than in the control subjects. 4. Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly in both groups at all levels of exercise, the responses being significantly greater in the hypertensive patients. 5. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly correlated with plasma noradrenaline concentration in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 6. In the hypertensive group plasma adrenaline increased significantly after exercise at all work loads whereas, in the control group, significant increase occurred only at the highest work load. The differences in the response of the two groups were significant at each work load. 7. Plasma renin activity increased significantly after exercise at the heart rate of 120 beats/min, both in the hypertensive patients and in the control subjects. The magnitude of the response was similar in the two groups.

Relationship of Basal Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex, Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Volume in Essential Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 93s-96s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Chobanian ◽  
H. Gavras ◽  
J. C. Melby ◽  
Irene Gavras ◽  
H. Jick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Relationship Of

1. The relationship of basal plasma noradrenaline to blood pressure, age, sex, urinary sodium excretion, and plasma volume has been examined in 117 untreated ambulatory patients with essential hypertension. 2. No significant correlations between basal plasma noradrenaline and either age or sex were apparent in the total group of essential hypertensive patients. In addition, no significant correlations were observed between plasma noradrenaline and 24 h urinary sodium excretion. 3. Basal plasma noradrenaline concentration was significantly higher in high renin essential hypertensive subjects compared with those with normal or low plasma renin activity. 4. Plasma noradrenaline was reduced significantly in relatively young patients with low renin essential hypertension, but appeared to be normal in other low renin subjects. 5. Basal plasma noradrenaline correlated significantly with blood pressure in patients with normal or low renin essential hypertension but the relationships were only significant in male patients. 6. No significant relationship between basal plasma noradrenaline and either blood pressure or plasma volume could be demonstrated in this population of essential hypertensive patients.

Dependence of plasma renin activity on prostaglandin excretion in essential hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauli Yuitalo ◽  
Heikki Vapaatalo ◽  
Timo Metsä-Ketelä ◽  
Timo Pitkäjärvi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity

Diuretics in hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Thiazide Diuretic ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Thiazide Diuretics ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension

Thiazide diuretics such as bendrofluazide and chlorothiazide have been used for nearly 20 years in the treatment of hypertension. They have been regarded as rather weak antihypertensive agents which could be used alone only in mild hypertension and otherwise as adjuvants to more potent drugs in more serious cases.1 There are however some patients with ‘essential’ hypertension who are very sensitive to diuretics and in whom the pressure may be brought down to normal by a thiazide2 or spironolactone3 even when it is initially considerably raised. Furthermore a few patients who are responsive to thiazides are strikingly unresponsive to non-diuretic antihypertensive drugs. Patients particularly likely to respond to a thiazide diuretic4 or spironolactone3 commonly have low plasma renin activity and this occurs in about 25% of patients with essential hypertension.5 Since plasma renin activity is not routinely estimated it is simplest to identify these patients by observing the response to an adequate trial of a thiazide.

Solitary Kidney and Ageing as Causes of Low Renin and Aldosterone Concentrations: Relevance to ‘Low-Renin’ Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 177s-180s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
Freda Doran ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
Frances Thomas ◽  
P. Cheras
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean

1. As experimental models of reduced nephron population in man, (a) twelve men aged 15–32 years who had one kidney removed 1–13 years previously and (b) fourteen normotensive men aged 70–90 years were studied. Results were compared with those in eighteen normotensive men aged 18–28 years and eleven men aged 19–33 years with essential hypertension. 2. While the subjects followed a routine of normal diet and daily activity, measurements were made, after overnight recumbency and in the fasting state, of plasma volume and renin activity on one occasion in hospital and of blood pressure on five to fourteen occasions in the home. Blood pressure was also measured after standing for 2 min and plasma renin activity after 1 h standing, sitting or walking. Twenty-four hour urinary aldosterone excretion was also measured. 3. The measurements were repeated in the normotensive subjects and subjects in (a) and (b) above after 10 days of sodium-restricted diet (40 mmol of sodium/day). 4. The mean plasma renin activity (recumbent) in essential hypertensive subjects was higher than in normotensive subjects. In subjects of (a) and (b) above, it was lower than normotensive subjects, and was not increased by dietary sodium restriction in subjects of (a). 5. The mean aldosterone excretion level was lower in old normotensive subjects than in the other groups, and increased in each group after dietary sodium restriction. 6. Mean plasma volume/surface area was not different between the four groups and in normotensive, essential hypertensive and nephrectomized subjects but not subjects aged 70–90 years was negatively correlated with standing diastolic blood pressure.

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