Relationship of Basal Plasma Noradrenaline to Blood Pressure, Age, Sex, Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Volume in Essential Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 93s-96s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Chobanian ◽  
H. Gavras ◽  
J. C. Melby ◽  
Irene Gavras ◽  
H. Jick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Relationship Of

1. The relationship of basal plasma noradrenaline to blood pressure, age, sex, urinary sodium excretion, and plasma volume has been examined in 117 untreated ambulatory patients with essential hypertension. 2. No significant correlations between basal plasma noradrenaline and either age or sex were apparent in the total group of essential hypertensive patients. In addition, no significant correlations were observed between plasma noradrenaline and 24 h urinary sodium excretion. 3. Basal plasma noradrenaline concentration was significantly higher in high renin essential hypertensive subjects compared with those with normal or low plasma renin activity. 4. Plasma noradrenaline was reduced significantly in relatively young patients with low renin essential hypertension, but appeared to be normal in other low renin subjects. 5. Basal plasma noradrenaline correlated significantly with blood pressure in patients with normal or low renin essential hypertension but the relationships were only significant in male patients. 6. No significant relationship between basal plasma noradrenaline and either blood pressure or plasma volume could be demonstrated in this population of essential hypertensive patients.

Plasma Catecholamines and Renin Activity in Response to Exercise in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
J. Chodakowska ◽  
K. Nazar ◽  
B. Wocial ◽  
M. Jarecki ◽  
B. Skórka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects

1. The effect of physical exercise on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity was studied in fourteen patients with essential hypertension and in eight healthy subjects. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline and plasma renin activity of the hypertensive patients did not differ from those of the control subjects. 3. In response to graded exercise producing successive heart rates of 120, 140 and 160 beats/min, significantly greater increases of blood pressure were found in the patients than in the control subjects. 4. Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly in both groups at all levels of exercise, the responses being significantly greater in the hypertensive patients. 5. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly correlated with plasma noradrenaline concentration in the control subjects but not in the hypertensive patients. 6. In the hypertensive group plasma adrenaline increased significantly after exercise at all work loads whereas, in the control group, significant increase occurred only at the highest work load. The differences in the response of the two groups were significant at each work load. 7. Plasma renin activity increased significantly after exercise at the heart rate of 120 beats/min, both in the hypertensive patients and in the control subjects. The magnitude of the response was similar in the two groups.

Solitary Kidney and Ageing as Causes of Low Renin and Aldosterone Concentrations: Relevance to ‘Low-Renin’ Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 177s-180s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
Freda Doran ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
Frances Thomas ◽  
P. Cheras
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
The Mean

1. As experimental models of reduced nephron population in man, (a) twelve men aged 15–32 years who had one kidney removed 1–13 years previously and (b) fourteen normotensive men aged 70–90 years were studied. Results were compared with those in eighteen normotensive men aged 18–28 years and eleven men aged 19–33 years with essential hypertension. 2. While the subjects followed a routine of normal diet and daily activity, measurements were made, after overnight recumbency and in the fasting state, of plasma volume and renin activity on one occasion in hospital and of blood pressure on five to fourteen occasions in the home. Blood pressure was also measured after standing for 2 min and plasma renin activity after 1 h standing, sitting or walking. Twenty-four hour urinary aldosterone excretion was also measured. 3. The measurements were repeated in the normotensive subjects and subjects in (a) and (b) above after 10 days of sodium-restricted diet (40 mmol of sodium/day). 4. The mean plasma renin activity (recumbent) in essential hypertensive subjects was higher than in normotensive subjects. In subjects of (a) and (b) above, it was lower than normotensive subjects, and was not increased by dietary sodium restriction in subjects of (a). 5. The mean aldosterone excretion level was lower in old normotensive subjects than in the other groups, and increased in each group after dietary sodium restriction. 6. Mean plasma volume/surface area was not different between the four groups and in normotensive, essential hypertensive and nephrectomized subjects but not subjects aged 70–90 years was negatively correlated with standing diastolic blood pressure.

Are Racial Differences in Essential Hypertension Due to Different Pathogenetic Mechanisms?

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 383s-386s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Sever ◽  
W. S. Peart ◽  
T. W. Meade ◽  
I. B. Davies ◽  
D. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Made In

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin activity were measured in a control, British, urban population (n = 115) in which blacks were matched for age and sex with whites. 2. Similar measurements were made in subjects with essential hypertension (77 white and 23 black), and 48 healthy normotensive white civil servants. 3. In controls blood pressure was significantly higher in blacks; it correlated with age in both races and with pulse rate in blacks. There were no significant racial differences in plasma noradrenaline which was positively correlated with age in both blacks and whites. Mean plasma renin activity was 55% lower in blacks, and this difference was not related to urinary sodium excretion. 4. In hypertensive subjects plasma noradrenaline positively correlated with age in blacks. This relationship was not found in whites in whom 20% of young hypertensive subjects (<45 years) had significantly raised plasma noradrenaline. Plasma renin activity was again significantly lower in blacks. In white hypertensives plasma noradrenaline and renin activity were significantly correlated. 5. There may be racial differences in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

Reduced Plasma Renin Activity in Essential Hypertension: Effects of Blood Pressure, Age and Sodium

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 185s-188s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Thomas ◽  
J. G. G. Ledingham ◽  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
A. N. Stott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

1. Supine plasma renin activity and its responsiveness to erect posture and frusemide were reduced in fifty-one patients with essential hypertension, compared with fifty-one age- and sex-matched control subjects. 2. Twenty-four hour urinary sodium excretion was similar in hypertensive patients and control subjects, but after intravenous frusemide hypertensive patients excreted significantly less sodium. 3. A significant inverse relationship between plasma renin activity and diastolic blood pressure was demonstrated in hypertensive patients and in normotensive control subjects. 4. A significant inverse relationship between plasma renin activity and age, independent of blood pressure, was shown in hypertensive patients and control subjects. 5. It is concluded that the reduced renin values found in essential hypertension are, in part, the result of the elevated blood pressure acting on the kidney.

Effect of Volume Depletion and Subsequent Propranolol Treatment on Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin Activity in Patients with Essential and with Renovascular Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (s2) ◽  
pp. 69s-71s
Author(s):  
G. G. Geyskes ◽  
P. Boer ◽  
F. H. H. Leenen ◽  
E. J. Dorhout Mees
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Renin Activity

1. In nineteen patients, five with unilateral renal artery stenosis and fourteen with essential hypertension (WHO grades I–II), blood pressure, plasma and extracellular fluid volumes and plasma renin activity were studied at the end of three sequential periods: (a) after at least 3 days on a 60 mmol Na+ diet; (b) after 3 days of salt depletion induced with a diuretic and sustained on a 20 mmol Na+ diet; (c) after 3 days during which the 20 mmol Na+ diet was continued and beta-receptor blockade was induced by increasing dosages of propranolol up to 320 mg daily. 2. After sodium depletion extracellular fluid volume and plasma volume decreased and plasma renin activity increased; blood pressure did not change significantly. 3. After adding propranolol, plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume remained low, and there was a significant decrease in plasma renin activity and blood pressure. 4. No correlation could be demonstrated between changes of blood pressure and plasma renin activity. 5. When the responses of the five patients with renal artery stenosis were compared with those of the fourteen patients with essential hypertension, no significant differences were found. 6. Propranolol has a strong anti-hypertensive effect after Na+ depletion, irrespective of the absolute activities of plasma renin.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Patterns in Children and Adolescents: Influence of Renin-Sodium Profiles

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Harshfield ◽  
Derrick A. Pulliam ◽  
Bruce S. Alpert ◽  
F. Bruder Stapleton ◽  
Elaine S. Willey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Blood Pressure Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

A renin-sodium nomogram for normotensive children and adolescents was developed at our institution. The ambulatory blood pressure patterns of subjects classified by the nomogram were then compared. A biracial sample of 159 children and adolescents were classified as having a low, intermediate, or high renin-sodium profile based on the relationship between their plasma renin activity and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Casual (106/58 vs 107/61 vs 106/62 mm Hg) and awake (116/69 vs 117/69 vs 116/70 mm Hg) blood pressure values were comparable among subjects with low, intermediate, and high renin-sodium profiles. Subjects with high renin-sodium profiles, however, had a smaller decline in systolic blood pressure with sleep than did subjects with low renin-sodium profiles (7 vs 11 mm Hg; P &lt; .04), and higher diastolic blood pressure readings during sleep than subjects with intermediate renin-sodium profiles (65 vs 62 mm Hg; P &lt; .05). Subjects with high renin-sodium profiles also had greater variance of diastolic blood pressure readings during sleep than either subjects with low renin-sodium profiles (P &lt; .01) or those with intermediate renin-sodium profiles (P &lt; .02). The blunted nocturnal decline and increased nocturnal variance of blood pressure among subjects with high renin-sodium profiles may be a marker or mechanism for the future development of essential hypertension.

Renin and Aldosterone in Essential Hypertension

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Kotchen ◽  
P. J. Mulrow ◽  
L. B. Morrow ◽  
P. M. Shutkin ◽  
N. Marieb
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
History Of

1. The renin-aldosterone system was studied in seventy-one selected hypertensive patients. Nine (13%) were diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism. Of the twenty-three patients who presented with a history of unprovoked hypokalaemia, the incidence of primary aldosteronism was 40%. 2. Renin and aldosterone responses to the combined stimuli of a low sodium diet and the upright posture were suppressed in patients with essential hypertension. There was no evidence that the suppression was due to abnormal adrenal function, sympathetic neuropathy, or the level of the blood pressure. The mechanism of the suppressed plasma renin activity response and its significance in the pathogenesis of hypertension are unknown.

Blood Pressure Decrease and Responsiveness to Renin-Releasing Stimuli under Increasing Doses of Propranolol in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (s2) ◽  
pp. 77s-79s
Author(s):  
G. Leonetti ◽  
G. Mayer ◽  
A. Morganti ◽  
L. Terzoli ◽  
A. Zanchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Moderate Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Oral Doses

1. Stepwise increases of oral doses of propranolol produced both a significant lowering of blood pressure and suppression of plasma renin activity in sixteen patients with mild or moderate normal-renin essential hypertension. 2. The hypotensive and the renin-suppressive actions of propranolol were differently related to plasma propranolol concentrations. At the lowest propranolol concentrations (15–40 nmol/l), there was almost no decrease in blood pressure whereas plasma renin activity and responsiveness to renin-releasing stimuli (standing, intravenous frusemide) were already strongly depressed (greater than 50%). Therefore in a large number of normal-renin hypertensive patients under small doses of propranolol, the renin-suppressive action of the drug can be dissociated from the hypotensive effect. Dissociation of the two effects, though in the opposite way, was also observed in three of four low-renin hypertensive patients, whose blood pressure was decreased by propranolol without further reduction of the already suppressed plasma renin activity. 3. It is concluded that in patients with mild and moderate hypertension and low or normal plasma renin activity, the hypotensive effect of propranolol cannot be attributed to suppression of renin activity. These conclusions do not necessarily apply to high-renin hypertensive patients.

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