Isolation of the Major Water-Soluble Glycoprotein from Pig Small-Intestine Mucus and Evidence for Relatively Simple Carbohydrate Side Chains

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELE MANTLE ◽  
ADRIAN ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Simple Carbohydrate

scholarly journals The effect of drying and ensiling grass on its digestion in sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. J. Thomson ◽  
E. Pfeffer ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

1. The effect of drying and ensiling ryegrass on the site of digestion of the energy andcarbohydrate fractions was studied in sheep fitted with rumen cannulas and re-entrant can-nulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum.2. The sheep were given fresh (frozen) grass, dried grass, wilted and unwilted silage pre-pared from herbage harvested from the same sward. The grass diets were offered twice dailyto each animal and paper impregnated with chromium sesquioxide was administered twicedaily into the rumen. Twenty-four hour collections of duodenal and ileal digesta, adjusted togive 100 yo recovery of Cr2O3, were analysed to determine the extent of digestion in the fore-stomachs, the small intestine and the caecum and colon.3. Total digestibility of the gross energy was similar for the fresh grass, dried grass andwilted silage diets (67·4,68·1 and67·5 %)but higher for the unwilted silage (72·0 %, P < 0·01).There was an increased flow of energy into the small intestine when the sheep were given driedgrass and unwilted silage. The proportion of the apparently digested energy lost within thesmall intestine was greater when the dried grass was given (302 yo) than when the fresh grasswas given (23·6 yo).4. Drying or ensiling of wilted material affected digestion neither in the entire alimentarytract nor in the different sections of the tract, of some carbohydrate fractions. About 97 yo ofthe digested water-soluble carbohydrate, over 90 yo of the digested cellulose and over 70 yo ofthe digested hemicellulose were digested before reaching the small intestine. The increasedamount of energy entering the duodenum of the sheep given the dried grass was notaccounted for by changes in the fate of these carbohydrate fractions in the digestive tract. Withunwilted silage, digestibilities of the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were higher, andlower proportions of the digested carbohydrates were lost before the small intestine.

scholarly journals Sulfuric Odor Precursor S-Allyl-l-Cysteine Sulfoxide in Garlic Induces Detoxifying Enzymes and Prevents Hepatic Injury

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yamaguchi ◽  
Ryosuke Honma ◽  
Tomoaki Yazaki ◽  
Takeshi Shibuya ◽  
Tomoya Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Odor Compounds ◽  
Cysteine Sulfoxide

S-Allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (ACSO) is a precursor of garlic-odor compounds like diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) known as bioactive components. ACSO has suitable properties as a food material because it is water-soluble, odorless, tasteless and rich in bulbs of fresh garlic. The present study was conducted to examine the preventive effect of ACSO on hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in rats. ACSO, its analogs and garlic-odor compounds were each orally administered via gavage for five consecutive days before inducing hepatic injury. Then, biomarkers for hepatic injury and antioxidative state were measured. Furthermore, we evaluated the absorption and metabolism of ACSO in the small intestine of rats and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation by ACSO using HepG2 cells. As a result, ACSO, DADS and DATS significantly suppressed the increases in biomarkers for hepatic injury such as the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreases in antioxidative potency such as glutathione (GSH) level and the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We also found ACSO was absorbed into the portal vein from the small intestine but partially metabolized to DADS probably in the small intestine. In in vitro study, ACSO induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in HepG2 cells, which is recognized as an initial trigger to induce antioxidative and detoxifying enzymes. Taken together, orally administered ACSO probably reached the liver and induced antioxidative and detoxifying enzymes by Nrf2 nuclear translocation, resulting in prevention of hepatic injury. DADS produced by the metabolism of ACSO in the small intestine might also have contributed to the prevention of hepatic injury. These results suggest potential use of ACSO in functional foods that prevent hepatic injury and other diseases caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Water-soluble oligofluorenes bearing N1-alkylcytosine side chains as turn-on and turn-off materials in telomere DNA length sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (74) ◽  
pp. 10914-10917
Author(s):  
Isao Yamaguchi ◽  
Ryoga Ooe ◽  
Aohan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Turn On

Soft materials for telomere DNA length sensing were developed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Highly Water-Soluble Adamantyl Phosphoinositide Derivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gregory ◽  
Meng-Xin Yin ◽  
Malcolm J. McConville ◽  
Eleanor Williams ◽  
Alex N. Bullock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates ◽  
Lipid Binding Proteins ◽  
Natural Lipid

Phosphatidylinositol phosphates are key regulators of cell signalling pathways and membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells, and there is a need for new chemical probes to further understand how they interact with lipid-binding proteins. Here, the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol phosphate analogues containing adamantyl carboxylic ester groups, in place of the natural lipid side chains, is described. These derivatives are considerably more soluble in water than analogues containing other lipid side chains and do not form large aggregates such as liposomes or micelles. These adamantyl analogues bind to known phosphoinositide-binding proteins with similar affinities to native ligands and will facilitate future studies on the substrate specificities of these proteins involving cocrystallisation studies with proteins.

Absence of Na+–H+ barrier function in mucosa of canine small bowel

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene G. Kelly ◽  
Charles F. Code
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Corpus ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Made In

The study was designed to determine whether the special Na+–H+ barrier function or the gastric mucosa is present in the mucosa of the small bowel and whether a gastric mucosal barrier breaker (hexanoic acid) would accelerate the fluxes of sodium in duodenum–jejunum and ileum as in the stomach. The observations were made in healthy conscious dogs with Thiry-Vella fistulae of the small bowel or Heidenhain pouches of the gastric corpus. These barrier characteristics of the stomach were completely absent in the small intestine where bidirectional Na fluxes were 5–10 times greater than in the stomach and were not accelerated by hexanoic acid as they were in the stomach.A comparison was made between the rates of absorption of hexanoic acid, sodium hexanoate, and HCl from the pouches and fistulae. The lipid-soluble fatty acid was transported at all sites more rapidly than its water-soluble sodium salt. In the stomach and ileum the H+ of HCl and sodium hexanoate were absorbed at similar slow rates. The duodenal–jejunal mucosa, however, transported H+ at rates nearly identical to those of hexanoic acid. In our tests HCl was not neutralized in duodenal contents while large quantities were neutralized in the contents of ileum.

Side chains contributions to characteristics of resistive memory based on water-soluble polyfluorenes: Effects of structure and length of side pendant group

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1290-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Seung-Hwan Oh ◽  
Yongsung Ji ◽  
Juhwan Kim ◽  
Rira Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Pendant Group ◽  
Resistive Memory

Photoregulated Association of Water-Soluble Copolymers with Spirobenzopyran-Containing Side Chains

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 5553-5556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Čestmír Koňák ◽  
Ramesh C. Rathi ◽  
Pavla Kopečková ◽  
Jindřich Kopeček
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Side Chains
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