scholarly journals Caveat emptor: for researchers, a rose will not smell sweet unless we know its composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Caveat Emptor ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Engineering Materials

In a recent publication in Bioscience Reports “Contaminants in commercial preparations of ‘purified’ small leucine-rich proteoglycans may distort mechanistic studies”, Brown et al. identified by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting that certain commercial preparations of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) decorin and biglycan, in fact, contained a mix of several proteoglycans that also included fibromodulin and aggrecan. The preparations were thus not suitable to study specific activities of decorin or biglycan. Decorin and biglycan are widely studied SLRPs that are considered to have highly multi-functional effects on cells. Decorin is of interest as a transforming growth factor-β antagonist and is also finding use in tissue engineering materials. This Commentary discusses Brown et al.’s findings and general issues raised for researchers who work with commercially sourced purified proteoglycans.

scholarly journals Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering Approaches: State of the Art and Future Directions

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1723
Author(s):  
Lindsay R. Piraino ◽  
Danielle S. W. Benoit ◽  
Lisa A. DeLouise
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Soluble Factors

Salivary gland regeneration is important for developing treatments for radiation-induced xerostomia, Sjögren’s syndrome, and other conditions that cause dry mouth. Culture conditions adopted from tissue engineering strategies have been used to recapitulate gland structure and function to study and regenerate the salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to highlight current trends in the field, with an emphasis on soluble factors that have been shown to improve secretory function in vitro. A PubMed search was conducted to identify articles published in the last 10 years and articles were evaluated to identify the most promising approaches and areas for further research. Results showed increasing use of extracellular matrix mimetics, such as Matrigel®, collagen, and a variety of functionalized polymers. Soluble factors that provide supportive cues, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and neurotrophic factors, as well as chemical inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβR) have shown increases in important markers including aquaporin 5 (Aqp5); muscle, intestine, and stomach expression 1 (Mist1); and keratin (K5). However, recapitulation of tissue function at in vivo levels is still elusive. A focus on identification of soluble factors, cells, and/or matrix cues tested in combination may further increase the maintenance of salivary gland secretory function in vitro. These approaches may also be amenable for translation in vivo to support successful regeneration of dysfunctional glands.

Novel post-translational modifications of Smad2 identified by mass spectrometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimesh Bhaskaran ◽  
Hiroyuki Iwahana ◽  
Jonas Bergquist ◽  
Ulf Hellman ◽  
Serhiy Souchelnytskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Peptide Mass Fingerprinting ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Crucial Component

AbstractSmad2 is a crucial component of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling, and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, death and differentiation. Phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and acetylation of Smad2 have been found to regulate its activity. We used mass spectrometry to search for novel post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Smad2. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) indicated that Smad2 can be acetylated, methylated, citrullinated, phosphorylated and palmitoylated. Sequencing of selected peptides validated methylation at Gly122 and hydroxylation at Trp18 of Smad2. We also observed a novel, so far unidentified modification at Tyr128 and Tyr151. Our observations open for further exploration of biological importance of the detected PTMs.

Perianale Fisteln bei CED: vom Mausmodell zur Klinik

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Michael Scharl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Morbus Crohn ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Interleukin 13

Zusammenfassung. Fisteln stellen nach wie vor eine der wichtigsten Komplikationen bei Patienten mit Morbus Crohn dar. Bei mindestens einem Drittel aller Morbus Crohn Patienten treten im Laufe der Erkrankung Fisteln auf. Eine dauerhafte Heilung der Fistel wird jedoch, auch unter Ausschöpfung sämtlicher medikamentöser und chirurgischer Therapieoptionen, nur in rund einem Drittel dieser Patienten erreicht. Der genaue molekulare Mechanismus der Fistelentstehung ist bis heute nicht ganz klar. Aus histopathologischer Sichtweise stellen Fisteln eine röhrenartige Struktur dar, welche von flachen epithelartigen Zellen ausgekleidet ist. Als ursächlicher Entstehungsmechanismus wird dabei die sogenannte epitheliale-zu-mesenchymale Transition (EMT) angesehen und es kann eine starke Expression der Entzündungsmediatoren Tumor Nekrose Faktor, Interleukin-13 und Transforming Growth Factor β in den Fistelarealen nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich zu den bereits etablierten, medikamentösen Therapieoptionen, also Antibiotika, Immunmodulatoren und anti-TNF Antikörper, stellt insbesondere der Einsatz der mesenchymalen Stammzelltherapie einen erfolgversprechenden Therapieansatz für die Zukunft dar.

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