Relationships of body mass index with serum carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol at steady-state and in response to a carotenoid-rich vegetable diet intervention in Filipino schoolchildren1

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy D. Ribaya-Mercado ◽  
Cherry C. Maramag ◽  
Lorena W. Tengco ◽  
Jeffrey B. Blumberg ◽  
Florentino S. Solon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vegetable Diet ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Low Serum

In marginally nourished children, information is scarce regarding the circulating concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols, and physiological factors influencing their circulating levels. We determined the serum concentrations of carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol at steady state and in response to a 9-week vegetable diet intervention in 9–12-year-old girls (n=54) and boys (n=65) in rural Philippines. We determined cross-sectional relationships of BMI (body mass index) with serum micronutrient levels, and whether BMI is a determinant of serum carotenoid responses to the ingestion of carotenoid-rich vegetables. We measured dietary nutrient intakes and assessed inflammation by measurement of serum C-reactive protein levels. The children had low serum concentrations of carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol as compared with published values for similar-aged children in the U.S.A. The low serum retinol levels can be ascribed to inadequate diets and were not the result of confounding due to inflammation. Significant inverse correlations of BMI and serum all-trans-β-carotene, 13-cis-β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and α-tocopherol (but not β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and retinol) were observed among girls at baseline. The dietary intervention markedly enhanced the serum concentrations of all carotenoids. Changes in serum all-trans-β-carotene and α-carotene (but not changes in lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin) in response to the dietary intervention were inversely associated with BMI in girls and boys. Thus, in Filipino school-aged children, BMI is inversely related to the steady-state serum concentrations of certain carotenoids and vitamin E, but not vitamin A, and is a determinant of serum β- and α-carotene responses, but not xanthophyll responses, to the ingestion of carotenoid-rich vegetable meals.

scholarly journals Factors Predicting the Response to a Vitamin D-Fortified Milk in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Reyes-Garcia ◽  
Antonia Garcia-Martin ◽  
Santiago Palacios ◽  
Nancy Salas ◽  
Nicolas Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Fortified Milk

Background: Milk products fortified with vitamin D may constitute an alternative to pharmacological supplements for reaching the optimal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Our aim was to analyze the response of serum 25(OH)D and its predictive factors in postmenopausal healthy women after a dietary intervention with a milk fortified with vitamin D and calcium. Methods: We designed a prospective study including 305 healthy postmenopausal women who consumed a fortified milk with calcium (900 mg/500 mL) and vitamin D3 (600 IU/500 mL) daily for 24 months. Results: The 25(OH)D concentrations at 24 months were correlated to weight, to body mass index, to the percentage of fat, triglycerides and to baseline 25(OH)D levels. We found significant differences in the levels of 25(OH)D at 24 months according to baseline 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.001) and body mass index (p = 0.019) expressed at quartiles. Multivariate analysis showed an association between levels of 25(OH)D after the intervention and at baseline 25(OH)D (Beta = 0.47, p < 0.001) and percentage of body fat (Beta = −0.227, p = 0.049), regardless of the body mass index. Conclusions: In healthy postmenopausal women, the improvement in 25(OH)D after an intervention with a fortified milk for 24 months depends mainly on the baseline levels of serum 25(OH)D and on the percentage of body fat.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Genetic Contribution to Diet Response in an Epidemiological Dataset (P15-018-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Westerman ◽  
Jose M Ordovas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
White Women ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Mathematical Correlation ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Objectives Many gene-diet interactions have been uncovered for obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, but truly personalized nutritional recommendations will require the incorporation of an individual's full genome in predicting response to diet. Statistical genetics studies typically require thousands of individuals, limiting the ability of dietary intervention trials to answer these genome-wide nutrigenetic questions. We sought to explore a novel approach for identifying the genetic architecture of the diet-body mass index (BMI) relationship using an epidemiological dataset. Methods As a mathematical correlation is defined as the expected product of two standardized variables, it may be possible to estimate the genetic signal describing an underlying diet-BMI correlation by predicting their product. Statistical simulations were performed to assess the ability of this method to pick up pre-specified effects of genotype on diet response. In white women from the longitudinal Women's Health Initiative (WHI) dataset, the product of log-transformed fat-to-carbohydrate ratio (F: C) and body mass index (BMI) (both variables standardized) was calculated both cross-sectionally at baseline (n = 9357) and with respect to longitudinal changes in these variables before follow-up (n = 1333). Plink and GCTA tools were used to estimate the genotype-based heritability of these products, as well as that of the change in BMI in response to a separate intervention in WHI focused partially on fat reduction. Results Simulations demonstrated that the method is sensitive to changes in the underlying effect sizes, but is able to detect underlying statistical correlations as intended. Genetic heritability estimates using cross-sectional data were negligible, while those using longitudinal data approached statistical significance (variance explained = 14%, P = 0.07). BMI changes in the dietary modification trial showed non-significant heritability (v.e. = 4%), which was insufficient to validate any genetic correlation with the longitudinal results. Conclusions While cross-sectional data may contain too much noise, this method shows promise for the detection of genome-wide contributions to diet response in longitudinal data, and should be investigated further in larger datasets and with alternative phenotypes. Funding Sources This study was supported by the NHLBI T32 training grant.

scholarly journals Effects of Tomato and Soy on Serum Adipokine Concentrations in Postmenopausal Women at Increased Breast Cancer Risk: A Cross-Over Dietary Intervention Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adana A. Llanos ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
Michael L. Pennell ◽  
Jessica L. Krok ◽  
Mara Z. Vitolins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Center

Context: Breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women increases as body mass index increases. Practical preventive methods to reduce risk of breast cancer are lacking. Few studies have investigated the effects of carotenoids and isoflavones on circulating adipokines in postmenopausal women. Objective: The aim was to examine the effects of lycopene- and isoflavone-rich diets on serum adipokines. Design: This was a 26-week, two-arm, longitudinal crossover trial. Setting: Participants were recruited from clinics at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. Participants: Seventy postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk participated in the study. The mean age and body mass index of participants was 57.2 years and 30.0 kg/m2, respectively; the study was comprised of 81.4% whites. Interventions: The interventions included 10 weeks of consumption of a tomato-based diet (≥25 mg lycopene daily) and 10 weeks of consumption of a soy-based diet (≥40 g of soy protein daily), with a 2-week washout in between. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in serum adiponectin, leptin, and the adiponectin to leptin ratio were examined for each intervention through linear mixed models, with ratio estimates corresponding to postintervention adipokine concentrations relative to preintervention concentrations. Results: After the tomato intervention, among all women, adiponectin concentration increased (ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.18), with a stronger effect observed among nonobese women (ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25). After the soy intervention, adiponectin decreased overall (ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.97), with a larger reduction observed among nonobese women (ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.98). Overall, no significant changes in leptin or the adiponectin to leptin ratio were observed after either intervention. Conclusions: Increasing dietary consumption of tomato-based foods may beneficially increase serum adiponectin concentrations among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk, especially those who are not obese. Additional studies are essential to confirm these effects and to elucidate the specific mechanisms that may make phytonutrients found in tomatoes practical as breast cancer chemopreventive agents.

Impact of Body Mass Index on Serum Concentrations of Antidepressants and Antipsychotics

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodo Warrings ◽  
Lydia Samanski ◽  
Jürgen Deckert ◽  
Stefan Unterecker ◽  
Maike Scherf-Clavel
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Serum Concentrations
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