scholarly journals Incorporation of fatty acids by concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes and the effect on fatty acid composition and membrane fluidity

1994 ◽  
Vol 300 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Calder ◽  
P Yaqoob ◽  
D J Harvey ◽  
A Watts ◽  
E A Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions of rat lymph node lymphocytes were characterized. Stimulation of rat lymphocytes with the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A resulted in significant changes in the fatty acid composition of both neutral lipids and phospholipids (a decrease in the proportions of stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acids and an increase in the proportion of oleic acid). Membrane fluidity was measured using nitroxide spin-label e.s.r., and increased during culture with concanavalin A. Culturing the lymphocytes in the absence of mitogen did not affect fatty acid composition or membrane fluidity. The uptake and fate of palmitic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids were studied in detail; there was a time-dependent incorporation of each fatty acid into all lipid classes but each fatty acid had a characteristic fate. Palmitic and arachidonic acids were incorporated principally into phospholipids whereas oleic and linoleic acids were incorporated in similar proportions into phospholipids and triacylglycerols. Oleic acid was incorporated mainly into phosphatidylcholine, palmitic and linoleic acids were incorporated equally into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and arachidonic acid was incorporated mainly into phosphatidylethanolamine. Supplementation of the culture medium with particular fatty acids (myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid) led to enrichment of that fatty acid in both neutral lipids and phospholipids. This generated lymphocytes with phospholipids differing in saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio, degree of polyunsaturation, index of unsaturation and n - 6/n - 3 ratio. This method allowed the introduction into lymphocyte phospholipids of fatty acids not normally present (e.g. alpha-linolenic) or usually present in low proportions (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic). These three n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids replaced arachidonic acid in lymphocyte phospholipids. Fatty acid incorporation led to an alteration in lymphocyte membrane fluidity: palmitic and stearic acids decreased fluidity whereas the unsaturated fatty acids increased fluidity. It is proposed that the changes in lymphocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition and membrane fluidity brought about by culture in the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids are responsible for the inhibition of lymphocyte functions caused by these fatty acids.

Comparison Between Two Different Levels of Replacement of Free-range Rearing by an Oleic Acid and-tocopherol Enriched Diet on the Quality of Fresh Meat from Iberian Duroc (50%) Pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. González ◽  
B. Velardo ◽  
J. F. Tejeda
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Biceps Muscle ◽  
Total N ◽  
Free Range

The aim of this work was to study the effect of two types of pig feeding systems (known as recebo) on fatty acid composition, tocopherols contents and susceptibility to lipid oxidation in muscle. A total of 26 Iberian Duroc (50%) barrows were divided into two groups (named as short replacement (SR) and long replacement (LR) groups) according to length of replacement of free-range rearing (based on acorn and pasture) by an oleic acid and B-tocopherol (200 mg/kg) enriched concentrate feed (SR group: 67 days in free-range rearing and finished during 20 days with concentrate diet; LR: 55 days in free-range rearing, finished 50 days with concentrate). No differences were found in chemical composition and colour of Gluteo biceps muscle between the two management systems, except for B-tocopherol content, which showed higher content (p 0.001) in LR pigs than in SR pigs. The fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat was slightly affected by feeding system. Total intramuscular and neutral lipids from Gluteo biceps muscle presented a higher proportion of C18: 1 n 9 (p 0.05) in SR than in LR pigs; however, no differences were found in total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Composition of polar lipids revealed a higher proportion of MUFA and lower of total n 3 fatty acids in LR than in SR pigs. Feeding regime significantly affected susceptibility of muscle to iron-ascorbate-induced peroxidation. Muscles from pigs reared on SR system showing higher levels (p 0.05) of MDA after 50 and 100 min of incubation. These results indicate that the content of oleic acid and tocopherol in muscle depends on the levels of both provided by dietary means, more than the practised handling.

PSVI-21 Fatty acid composition of blood lipids in lambs of different genotypes in ontogeny

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Karpova ◽  
Ludmila Chizhova ◽  
Eugenia Surzhikova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Abstract The early period of postnatal ontogeny of sheep is characterized by a variety of metabolic processes that result in the formation and consolidation of a certain type of metabolism. A special role is played by lipids, which together with proteins and carbohydrates constitute the bulk of organic compounds, cells and the organism as a whole. The purpose of this research was to study the polymorphism of CAST and GH genes as well as its association with the fatty acid composition of blood plasma lipids in lambs. The content of fatty acids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in the form of methyl esters. From the data obtained, it follows that in all studied ontogeny periods the peripheral blood of sheep with CASTNN and CASTMM genotypes had a higher concentration of fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids. The content is as follows: 27.58, 45.40, 3.16, 0.28% vs. 26.21, 45.31, 3.62, 0.18% at the age of 2 months; 25.07, 43.25, 6.05, 1.74% vs. 23.24, 38.76, 6.49, 1.32% at the age of 4 months; 20.64, 22.26, 14.17, 3.38% vs. 17.64, 19.91, 15.07, 2.46% at the age of 8 months (P ˂ 0.05), (P ˂ 0.01). Studies of blood lipid composition of GHBBand GHAA genotype carriers showed that palmitic, stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids were dominant: 27.95, 27.96, 19.04% vs. 26.08, 23.88, 17.56% at the age of 2 months, 46.87, 39.87, 22.37% vs. 3.24, 6.87, 15.56% at the age of 4 months; 0.45, 1.68, 3.81% vs. 0.29, 1.29, 3.19% at the age of 8 months (P ˂ 0.05), (P ˂ 0.01). Thus, this study emphasizes that there is a close relationship between the ratio of fatty acids in total blood lipids in lambs and the intensity of growth and development, ensuring and controlling the direction of biochemical processes in the growth and development of young sheep.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Quality Characteristics and Variations in Fatty Acid Composition of Different Varieties of Rapeseed and Mustard (Brassica spp.)

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Md. Delwar Hossain ◽  
Kamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mst. Farhana Nazneen Chowdhury ◽  
Alak Barman ◽  
Arif Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

With a view to studying the qualitative features and the variations in fatty acid composition of 6 rapeseed (B. campestris and B. napus) and mustard (B. juncea) varieties, an experiment was conducted. Among these varieties, BARI Sarisha-14 presented the value of 168.4 which was recorded the highest. Both BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha-14 was found with the highest iodine value of 39.44; and the highest amount of acid value was recorded from BARI Sarisha-11 (1.867). Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method has been used to determine the composition of essential fatty acid in the seeds of Brassica spp. (L.). From the GLC analysis, it was found that erucic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and lenolenic acid were the prime fatty acids in all the varieties. Erucic acid was in the range of 41.11 – 51.28%, oleic acid was the highest both in BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha- 13 contained (18.69%), while BARI Sarisha-9 contained the highest amount of the unsaturated linoleic (17.75%)  and linolenic (15.83%) acids. Moreover, palmitic acid, stearic acid and archidic acid were also present in small amount.

Effect of increasing stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentrations using forage and concentrate diets on the fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.C.T.R. Daniel ◽  
R.J. Wynn ◽  
A.M. Salter ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels

Compared to meat from other animals lamb contains high levels of saturated fat, particularly stearic acid which comprises 18% of the total fatty acids (Enser et al, 1996). This stearic acid can be desaturated in the tissue by stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) to produce oleic acid. In sheep SCD is produced from a single gene and the levels of SCD mRNA in the tissue correlate well with oleic acid (Ward et al, 1998, Barber et al, 2000) suggesting that an upregulation of SCD activity may increase the relative proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and so significantly improve the nutritional quality of sheep meat. Our recent studies have shown that insulin increases SCD mRNA levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cultured ovine adipose tissue explants (Daniel et al, 2001). The present study was designed to investigate whether feeding a diet believed to manipulate SCD mRNA concentrations would significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lamb.

scholarly journals Studies on Fatty Acid Composition and Proximate Analyses of Anethum Sowa L. (Dill) Seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Moshfekus Saleh-E-In ◽  
Sudhangshu Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Anethum Sowa ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Anethum sowa L. (Dill) seeds were investigated to determine the fatty acid composition and proximate analyses. The seeds contain 9.36 % fatty oil. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids contributed 6.22% and 93.78% respectively of the oil. The per cent composition of the extracted oil was identified by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). Among the six fatty acids identified from this study oleic acid contributed the highest proportion (87.10%), where as, linolenic, palmitic, stearic, behenic and arachidic all together contributed the rest (12.90%). Proximate analyses showed that A. sowa. seeds are good source of dietary fibre. Overall Dill seeds oil can be considered as a good source of oleic acid. Key words: Anethum sowa, dill seed oil, fatty acid composition, oleic acid, linolenic acid, Gas liquid chromatography. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(4), 455-464, 2007

scholarly journals Exposure to a Farm Environment During Pregnancy Increases the Proportion of Arachidonic Acid in the Cord Sera of Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Barman ◽  
Karin Jonsson ◽  
Agnes E. Wold ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Adrenic Acid

Growing up in a farm environment is protective against allergy development. Various explanations have been put forward to explain this association. Fatty acids are regulators of immune function and the composition of fatty acids in the circulation system may affect immune development. Here, we investigate whether the fatty acid composition of cord serum differs for infants born to Farm (n = 26) or non-Farm mothers (n =29) in the FARMFLORA birth-cohort. For comparison, the levels of fatty acids in the maternal diet, serum and breast milk around 1 month post-partum were recorded. The fatty acids in the cord sera from infants born to Farm mothers had higher proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) than those from infants born to non-Farm mothers. No differences were found for either arachidonic acid or adrenic acid in the diet, samples of the serum, or breast milk from Farm and non-Farm mothers obtained around 1 month post-partum. The arachidonic and adrenic acid levels in the cord blood were unrelated to allergy outcome for the infants. The results suggest that a farm environment may be associated with the fatty acid composition to which the fetus is exposed during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus paracasei A13 and High-Pressure Homogenization Stress Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Siroli ◽  
Giacomo Braschi ◽  
Samantha Rossi ◽  
Davide Gottardi ◽  
Francesca Patrignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid Composition

Sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments applied to Lactobacillus paracasei A13 demonstrated to be a useful strategy to enhance technological and functional properties without detrimental effects on the viability of this strain. Modification of membrane fatty acid composition is reported to be the main regulatory mechanisms adopted by probiotic lactobacilli to counteract high-pressure stress. This work is aimed to clarify and understand the relationship between the modification of membrane fatty acid composition and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in Lactobacillus paracasei A13, before and after the application of different sub-lethal hyperbaric treatments. Our results showed that Lactobacillus paracasei A13 activated a series of reactions aimed to control and stabilize membrane fluidity in response to high-pressure homogenization treatments. In fact, the production of cyclic fatty acids was counterbalanced by the unsaturation and elongation of fatty acids. The gene expression data indicate an up-regulation of the genes accA, accC, fabD, fabH and fabZ after high-pressure homogenization treatment at 150 and 200 MPa, and of fabK and fabZ after a treatment at 200 MPa suggesting this regulation of the genes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis as an immediate response mechanism adopted by Lactobacillus paracasei A13 to high-pressure homogenization treatments to balance the membrane fluidity. Although further studies should be performed to clarify the modulation of phospholipids and glycoproteins biosynthesis since they play a crucial role in the functional properties of the probiotic strains, this study represents an important step towards understanding the response mechanisms of Lactobacillus paracasei A13 to sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments.

Quality Characteristics of Fresh Meat from Pigs of the Gascon Breed

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sans ◽  
M. J. Andrade ◽  
S. Ventanas ◽  
J. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids

Chemical parameters involved in technological meat quality for dry cured processing of Gascon pigs were studied in longissimus dorsi (LD) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Muscles from Gascon pigs showed 2.60 and 2.84% of intramuscular fat content, 23.64 and 22.14% protein content and 1.34 and 4.63mg of myoglobin per gram of muscle (respectively LD and BF). Intramuscular fat (IMF) and myoglobin levels were higher than those reported for commercial pigs, but lower than those previously found in Iberian pigs. A similar situation was detected in the fatty acid composition of neutral and polar lipids of both muscles. Thus, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in neutral lipids of Gascon pig muscles (LD and BF respectively) were 58.27 and 51.98%, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels were 5.61 and 14.13% respectively; values similar to those found in Iberian pigs and quite different to usual values in commercial pig breeds. The same trend was found in polar lipids. Both muscles showed a low susceptibility to induced lipid oxidation, in agreement with their fatty acid composition. These results pointed out that meat from pigs of the Gascon breed showed optimal characteristics for dry cured processing.

Milk yield and composition of milk and blood as indicators of energy intake by Jersey cows

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Stobbs ◽  
DJ Brett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Jersey Cows

Jersey cows were used in a change-over design to examine the effect of three levels of energy intake (lucerne hay at 100, 75 and 50% ad lib.) on milk yield, milk composition, fatty acid composition of milk fat, and blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and total ketones) to determine which measurement was the most accurate indicator of intake of energy. Milk yields averaged 9.9, 8.7 and 7.2 kg/cow/day with relative intakes of 100, 75 and 50% of ad lib. When energy was restricted the proportion of C4–C16 fatty acids in milk fat decreased (72, 69 and 59%), while the proportion of oleic acid increased (15, 18 and 26%). These changes occurred within approximately 6 days on new energy levels. Fore milk and strippings had similar fatty acid proportions. Restriction of energy reduced the solids not fat, protein and casein contents of milk, and increased its butter fat percentage. Non-esterifred fatty acid levels in blood plasma increased with restriction of feed (348, 528 and 579 µ-equiv./l). Glucose and ketone bodies of blood averaged 58 mg/100 ml and 9.1 mg/100 mi respectively, and did not vary between treatments. It is concluded that milk production is the most sensitive indicator of the intake of digestible energy where change-over designs are used. However, when individual animal variation is not removed in the analysis, the intake of energy is most closely correlated with the fatty acid composition of milk fat (r = 0.73 and –0.74 for C4–C16 acids and oleic acid respectively). Significant correlations with the protein to fat and casein to fat ratios of milk were also measured (r = 0.64 and 0.63 respectively). There was a poor relationship between energy intake and blood composition (r = –0.25 for non-esterified fatty acid content).

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