scholarly journals Regulation of lipogenesis in vivo by glucose availability and insulin secretion in maternal and foetal tissues during late gestation in the rat. Effect of glucose intubation, streptozotocin-induced diabetes and starvation

1983 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lorenzo ◽  
M Benito ◽  
T Caldés ◽  
J M Medina
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Glucose Availability

Administration of an oral load of glucose did not change the rate of lipogenesis in maternal liver during late gestation. However, streptozotocin-induced diabetes or starvation decreased maternal liver lipogenesis at 20-22 days of gestation. Glucose intubation, on the other hand, increased foetal lipogenesis at 21-22 days. In addition, maternal starvation decreased foetal lipogenesis and plasma insulin concentration. However, chronic hyperglycaemia induced by streptozotocin administration to the mother did not change foetal liver lipogenesis.

scholarly journals Lipogenesis in vivo in maternal and foetal tissues during late gestation in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lorenzo ◽  
T Caldés ◽  
M Benito ◽  
J M Medina
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Foetal Lung

The rate of 3H2O incorporation into lipid in vivo progressively decreased in liver but increased in parametrial adipose tissue during the last 3 days of gestation. These changes seem to be related to those occurring in plasma insulin and progesterone concentrations during the same period. Foetal liver showed a high rate of lipogenesis, which sharply decreased before parturition. foetal lung lipogenesis increased during days 20 and 21 of gestation.

scholarly journals 146 Nutritional Advances in Fetal and neonatal development: effect of fatty acid supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Offspring Growth

Abstract Data from a series of experiments demonstrates that maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), during late gestation affects offspring growth. The increase in growth is independent on the fatty acid supplemented during the growing or finishing phase of the offspring; but it is sex dependent. Dam PUFA supplementation increases wether growth. Supplementation with EPA and DHA to pregnant ewes and to their offspring after weaning showed a treatment interaction in mRNA concentration of hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with dry matter intake (DMI) regulation. A dose increased in EPA and DHA in pregnant ewe diets shows a linear increase in growth, but a quadratic change in DMI or feed efficiency; growth was associated with a linear increase in plasma glucose concentration and a linear decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration. In lambs born from ewes supplemented with different sources of FA during a glucose tolerance test; males’ plasma insulin concentration increased as FA unsaturation degree increased in the dam diet, the opposite happened with females’ plasma insulin concentration. Recent data from our lab showed that the supplementation with EPA and DHA during the last third of gestation to pregnant ewes increased liver and small intestine global DNA methylation and small intestine transporters for amino acids in the fetus. Despite EPA and DHA during late gestation increase growth in the offspring; when EPA and DHA were supplemented in early gestation, offspring growth was lesser that lambs born from ewes supplemented a saturated and monounsaturated lipid. The reason for the difference in results it is not clear. However, more studies focusing in some aspect of the biology will help to understand what specific fatty acid needs to be supplemented at different stages of gestation to improve offspring growth.

Effect of nickel chloride on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethel L. B. Novelli ◽  
Ney L. Rodrigues ◽  
Bartolomé O. Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

The potential of nickel chloride to prevent streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia was tested in rats in vivo. To induce diabetes, streptozotocin (100 mg/kg body weight) was injected as a single dose. Streptozotocin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in plasma insulin and ceruloplasmin, and pancreatic Cu, protein, and Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase activity. In rats treated with nickel chloride (10 mg/kg body weight) and streptozotocin, these values were comparable with those observed in control rats. The results indicate that nickel chloride injected before streptozotocin prevented streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia, and suggest that the protective effect was related to Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase activity, mediated by copper.

Exogenous substrate utilization by isolated myocytes from chronically diabetic rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. C46-C51 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chen ◽  
G. J. Bagby ◽  
J. J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lactate Oxidation ◽  
Palmitate Oxidation ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

The effect of chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the utilization of exogenous substrates by freshly isolated, Ca2+-tolerant nonbeating myocytes was investigated. The rates of glucose (5 or 25 mM) and lactate (1 mM) oxidation were significantly reduced in myocytes of diabetic rats, whereas palmitate (0.4 or 1 mM) oxidation was similar to the controls. Glucose oxidation in diabetic (but not in control) and palmitate oxidation in control (but not in diabetic) myocytes were increased by raising the respective substrate concentrations in the medium to levels found in vivo in diabetic rats. Inhibition of glucose and lactate oxidation in the presence of competing substrates were generally similar between control and diabetic myocytes. However, the inhibitory effect of glucose on lactate oxidation was greater in control cells. The rate of palmitate oxidation was diminished by glucose in the controls, but this was not observed in the diabetic myocytes. Oxygen consumption by the myocytes of diabetic rats was below that of control cells when lactate or palmitate was present in the medium. ATP and phosphocreatine contents were similar in the myocytes of diabetic and control rats. All the observed changes in myocytes prepared from diabetic rats were reversed by in vivo insulin treatment.

scholarly journals Maternal Supply of Fatty Acids during Late Gestation on Offspring’s Growth, Metabolism, and Carcass Characteristics in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Milca Rosa-Velazquez ◽  
Jerad R. Jaborek ◽  
Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodriguez ◽  
Alejandro Enrique Relling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Metabolite ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Different Sources

Lambs born from dams supplemented with different sources of fatty acids (FA) during late gestation have a different growth rate and plasma glucose concentration. The main objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of supplementing different sources of FA during late gestation on offspring plasma metabolite concentrations, growth, and on a glucose tolerance test (GTT) during the finishing phase. Fifty-four lambs (18 pens, 3 lambs/pen) were born from ewes supplemented during late gestation with one of three treatments: (1) no FA (NF); (2) a source of monounsaturated FA (PDS, 1.01% of Ca salts); or (3) a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (EDS, 1.01% of Ca salts containing). At birth (day 0), supplementation ceased, and all ewes and lambs were placed in a common pen. On day 60, lambs were weaned, grouped by sex, blocked by body weight (BW), and placed on a common finishing diet for 54 days (FP). One lamb per pen was used for the GTT after the FP. There was a tendency for FA × Sex × Day interaction (p = 0.08) on lamb growth during the finishing period, with PDS females being heavier than PDS males, while EDS males were heavier than EDS females at day 60. There was a tendency for FA × Sex interaction (p = 0.06) for plasma insulin concentration for the GTT. Plasma insulin concentration of wethers increased as FA unsaturation degree increased during the GTT; the opposite happened with the plasma insulin concentration of female lambs. In conclusion, FA supplementation during late gestation tended to modified growth and insulin response to a GTT; these changes differed with the degree of FA unsaturation of the supplement and lamb sex.

GLUCOSE-INDUCED INCREASE OF PLASMA INSULIN IN THE RAT FOETUS IN UTERO

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KERVRAN ◽  
J. R. GIRARD
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Foetal Blood

SUMMARY The effect of glucose on the release of insulin from the pancreas of 18·5 to 21·5-day-old rat foetuses has been studied in utero. Foetal hyperglycaemia was induced by a 1 h glucose infusion into pregnant rats. In foetuses from mother rats infused with saline, the blood glucose and the plasma insulin concentrations increased up to day 21·5 of gestation. The blood glucose level of the foetuses never exceeded that of the mothers which remained stable from day 18·5 to day 21·5 of gestation. The infusion of glucose raised the foetal blood glucose concentration to that of the mothers and induced a significant increase of plasma insulin levels both in the mothers and their foetuses. The enhanced plasma insulin concentration observed in the 18·5-day-old foetuses of glucose-infused pregnant rats became greater each day up to 21·5 days.

Pregnancy-induced insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscles of the conscious rabbit

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. E165-E169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hauguel ◽  
M. Gilbert ◽  
J. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Conscious Rabbit ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles

Insulin sensitivity of maternal nonuterine tissues (liver and skeletal muscles) has been investigated in the conscious rabbit during late gestation (24 and 30 days). The specific effect of insulin on glucose production and utilization was evaluated with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. The net balance of glucose across the hindlimb muscles was studied by means of the Fick principle in basal and insulin stimulated conditions (clamp study). Our results show that an insulin-resistant state develops between days 24 and 30 of gestation in the rabbit and involves both glucose producing (liver) and utilizing (muscles) tissues. On day 30 of gestation, muscle glucose uptake was not significantly stimulated at a plasma insulin concentration of 700 microU/ml, whereas it was stimulated by 30-40% in nonpregnant and 24 day pregnant rabbits. At similar plasma insulin concentration, endogenous glucose production was suppressed by 85% in both nonpregnant and 24 day pregnant rabbits, whereas it was decreased by only 30% in 30 day pregnant rabbits. The present data suggest that hindlimb muscles of late pregnant rabbits are able to reduce their insulin-induced glucose utilization. This could contribute to meet the glucose requirements of pregnant uterus in late gestation.

scholarly journals The effect of N-acylglucosamines on the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin in the rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J. H. Ashcroft ◽  
J R. Crossley ◽  
P C. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Release ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Secretory Response ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Rat Islets

The effects of N-acylglucosamines on insulin release have been studied. N-Acylglucosamines stimulated insulin release from rat islets in vitro only if a sub-stimulatory concentration of glucose was also present, and this secretory response was abolished by mannoheptulose. In perifused islets the rapidity of the secreotry response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was similar to that observed with D-glucose. Increasing acyl-chain length from N-acetyl- to N-hexanoyl-D-glucosamine impaired the secretory response; however, N-dichloroacetyl-D-glucosamine was a more potent stimulator of release than was N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Polymers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine containing two to six monomers linked α1-4 did not stimulate insulin release; glucosamine linked to dextran via a propionyl or hexanoyl spacer group was also without insulin-releasing ability. N-Acylglucosamines were also effective in eliciting insulin release in vivo when injected into conscious rats. At the dose used (86 mumol), N-acetylgucosamine elicited a rapid rise in plasma-insulin concentration; N-butyrylglucosamine was less effective, and there was little or no response to N-hexanoylglucosamine. The response to N-dichloroacetyl-glucosamine was greater than that to N-acetylglucosamine; an increase in plasma insulin concentration could be elicited by N-dichloroacetylglucosamine at a dose (17 mumol) at which neither glucose nor N-acetylglucosamine was effective. The secretory response to acetylglucosamine is not mediated by conversion into glucose. Rates of (pro)-insulin biosynthesis by rat islets have been measured (Pro)-insulin biosynthesis was stimulated by glucose, and this response was abolished by mannoheptulose. N-Acetylglucosamine also stimulated (pro)-insulin biosynthesis; this effect of N-acetylglucosamine did not require the presence of glucose, and was not abolished by mannoheptulose. It is concluded that there are differences in signal reception and/or transduction for the processes of insulin biosynthesis and release.

scholarly journals Alterations in the rate of lipogenesis in vivo in maternal liver and adipose tissue on premature weaning of lactating rats: a possible regulatory role of prolactin

1979 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Agius ◽  
A M Robinson ◽  
J R Girard ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Peak Lactation

Removal of pups for 24 h from rats at peak lactation decreased 3H2O incorporation into lipid in vivo in mammary gland by 95%, whereas it was increased in liver (77%) and adipose tissue (330%). These increases were prevented by administration of prolactin. Plasma insulin increased 3-fold on weaning and this was partially prevented by prolactin.

Effect of exercise on glucose disposal: response to a maximal insulin stimulus

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1689-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Bourey ◽  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
W. M. Kohrt ◽  
J. P. Kirwan ◽  
D. S. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Euglycemic Clamp ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Glucose Disposal Rate ◽  
Glucose Availability

We used the euglycemic clamp to assess the effects of exercise on maximally insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. In 11 young men, a 60-min bout of exercise had no significant effect on the rate of glucose disposal during a euglycemic clamp performed approximately 30 min postexercise in which plasma insulin was raised to approximately 2,500 microU/ml (a maximal insulin stimulus). The maximal rate of glucose disposal attained during the clamp averaged 15.7 +/- 1.0 mg.kg lean body mass-1.min-1 after exercise vs. a control value of 15.4 mg.kg lean body mass-1.min-1. In a second experiment, eight men performed supine cycle exercise during the 3rd h of a 4-h euglycemic clamp with a plasma insulin concentration of approximately 2,500 microU/ml. Exercise during the hyperinsulinemic clamp resulted in a 70% increase in glucose disposal rate. There was no measurable increase in glucose 6-phosphate in the quadriceps muscle during the insulin infusion at rest. We conclude that prior exercise does not enhance maximally insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in young healthy men. Our results are compatible with the interpretations that glucose availability rather than glucose metabolism limits the rate of glucose disposal in response to a maximal insulin stimulus in resting subjects and that the increase in glucose uptake in response to superimposed exercise is primarily due to an increase in glucose availability.

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