scholarly journals Heterogeneity of rat goblet-cell mucin before and after reduction

1983 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E F Fahim ◽  
G G Forstner ◽  
J F Forstner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sepharose 4B

Goblet-cell mucin of rat small intestine was purified from mucosal scrapings by using centrifugation, Sepharose 4B and Sepharose 2B chromatography. The mucin was applied in low concentrations (1 microgram/track) to slab gels containing 0.5% agarose/2% (w/v) polyacrylamide, and bands were detected after electrophoresis by silver stain or by fluorography of 3H-labelled mucin. Before reduction the mucin contained three distinct components: a polymeric species at the top of the gel and two large glycoproteins of higher mobility. After reduction, the polymer disappeared, the two glycoproteins remained unchanged, and two glycopeptide bands of higher mobility appeared. In addition, a non-glycosylated, heavily stained peptide of mol.wt. 118000 was detected. The individual mucin components were partially separated on Sepharose 2B, 0.2M-NaCl/1% sodium dodecyl sulphate being used as eluant. Individual amino acid and carbohydrate analyses suggested that the glycosylated components, despite their differences in size, had identical profiles. The 118000-mol.wt. peptide had a very different amino acid profile, with much less serine, threonine and proline. Glycine and aspartic and glutamic acids comprised 34% of the total amino acids. Thus the ‘native’ mucin is a heterogeneous structure containing at least two non-covalently associated glycoproteins plus polymeric material. The latter is stabilized by disulphide bonds and consists of several glycopeptides of different size as well as a ‘link’ peptide of mol.wt. 118000.

The free amino acid profile in the middle gluteal before and after fatiguing exercise in the horse

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEGGY A. MILLER-GRABER ◽  
LAURIE M. LAWRENCE ◽  
ELAINE KURCZ ◽  
RACHEL KANE ◽  
KARIN BUMP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fatiguing Exercise

scholarly journals Postprandial amino acid, glucose and insulin responses among healthy adults after a single intake of Lemna minor in comparison with green peas: a randomised trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude G. Zeinstra ◽  
Dianne Somhorst ◽  
Els Oosterink ◽  
Henriette Fick ◽  
Ineke Klopping-Ketelaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Green Peas

AbstractA high protein content combined with its enormous growth capacity make duckweed an interesting alternative protein source, but information about postprandial responses in humans is lacking. The present study aimed to assess the postprandial serum amino acid profile of Lemna minor in healthy adults in comparison with green peas. A secondary objective was to obtain insights regarding human safety. A total of twelve healthy volunteers participated in a randomised, cross-over trial. Subjects received two protein sources in randomised order with a 1-week washout period. After an overnight fast, subjects consumed L. minor or peas (equivalent to 20 g of protein). After a baseline sample, blood samples were taken 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after consumption to assess amino acid, glucose and insulin levels. Heart rate, blood pressure and aural temperature were measured before and after consumption, and subjects reported on gastrointestinal discomfort for four subsequent days. Compared with green peas, significantly lower blood concentrations of amino acids from L. minor were observed, indicating lower digestibility. L. minor consumption resulted in lower plasma glucose and insulin levels compared with peas, probably due to different glucose content. There were no significant differences concerning the assessed health parameters or the number of gastrointestinal complaints, indicating that a single bolus of L. minor – grown under controlled conditions – did not induce acute adverse effects in humans. Further studies need to investigate effects of repeated L. minor intake and whether proteins purified from L. minor can be digested more easily.

scholarly journals Amino acid profile of raw and locally processed seeds of Prosopis africana and Ricinus communis: potential antidotes to protein malnutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidi U. Igwe ◽  
Okey A. Ojiako ◽  
Ken C. Anugweje ◽  
Linus A. Nwaogu ◽  
Cosmas O. Ujowundu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Plant Protein Sources ◽  
Prosopis Africana ◽  
The Individual

Background: Increasing incidence of malnutrition occasioned by high incidence of hunger, worsening food situation in the world, insufficient availability and high cost of animal protein sources, has necessitated extensive research into and use of alternative plant protein sources especially underexploited leguminous seeds.Methods: Flours from raw, boiled and fermented seeds of Prosopis africana and Ricinus communis were evaluated for crude protein and amino acid (AA) profiles, and their protein qualities determined. Results: Fermentation improved the protein contents of raw seeds of P. africana and R. communis by 18.70% and 3.95% respectively. In the raw and fermented P. africana seeds, glutamate at 132.60 ± 1.30 and 182.70 ± 3.02 mg/g crude protein (mg/gcp) was the most abundant amino acid (AA), while leucine (62.80 ± 0.60 and 79.50 ± 2.01 mg/gcp) was the most concentrated essential amino acid (EAA). Aspartate (151.90 ± 2.01 and 170.10 ± 2.00 mg/gcp) and arginine (72.80 ± 2.01 and 78.60 ± 2.00 mg/gcp) were the most concentrated and abundant non-essential amino acid (NEAA) and EAA in the raw and fermented samples of R. communis respectively. The total AA concentrations (mg/gcp) of raw and fermented P. africana were 733.00 and 962.60 respectively, while those of R. communis were 823.50 and 894.10 respectively. The total EAA contents (mg/gcp) for P. africana were 311.00 (raw) and 404.50 (fermented), and for R. communis; 401.10 (raw) and 430.30 (fermented). Threonine was the limiting EAA in raw and fermented P. africana, whereas lysine was the limiting EAA in R. communis raw sample. Fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased the individual AA compositions of P. africana and R. communis by 94% and 53% respectively, while boiling reduced these parameters significantly (p<0.05) by 47% and 82% respectively.Conclusion: P. africana and R. communis seeds are potentially important plant sources of protein and essential amino acids, and so could be of great importance in combating malnutrition and food security problems generally.Key words: Amino acid score; condiments; crude protein; fermentation; legumes; nutrition

scholarly journals Sargassum Inundations in Turks and Caicos: Methane Potential and Proximate, Ultimate, Lipid, Amino Acid, Metal and Metalloid Analyses

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
John James Milledge ◽  
Supattra Maneein ◽  
Elena Arribas López ◽  
Debbie Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
World Health ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Calcium Iron

The Caribbean has been experiencing beach inundations of pelagic Sargassum, causing environmental, health and financial issues. This study showed variations in the composition and methane potential (MP) between the species of Sargassum. The MPs for S. natans VIII, S. natans I and S. fluitans (145, 66 and 113 mL CH4 g−1 Volatile Solids) were considerably below theoretical potentials, possibly due to the high levels of indigestible fibre and inhibitors. The mixed mats Sargassum composition was substantially different from the individual species, being higher in ash, calcium, iron, arsenic and phenolics. The mixed mats produced no methane, perhaps due to the high levels of phenolics. There was a strong correlation between MP and phenolic content. Heavy metals and metalloids were at levels that should not cause concern, except for arsenic (21–124 mg kg−1 dry weight). Further work on the speciation of arsenic in Sargassum is required to fully determine the risk to health and agriculture. Both protein and lipid levels were low. The ‘indispensable amino acid’ profile compares favourably with that recommended by the World Health Organisation. Lipids had a high proportion of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. The use of Sargassum for biogas production could be challenging, and further work is required.

scholarly journals The effect of an oral glucose load on serum free amino acid concentrations in children before and after treatment for kwashiorkor

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Grimble ◽  
R. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Substrate Limitation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

1. The mechanisms by which an oral dose of glucose can stimulate the uptake of essential amino acids from serum was found to be operative even in children with severe, untreated kwashiorkor.2. Although the percentage fall in the concentration of the essential amino acids in response to glucose was the same before and after treatment, the absolute fall was greater on discharge. The results indicated that the magnitude of this fall might depend on the initial fasting concentration of each individual amino acid.3. These results have been discussed on the basis of possible long-term pathological effects of a distorted serum amino acid pattern typified by low concentrations of valine, leucine and threonine. The protein-sparing action of carbohydrate, achieved by the preferential synthesis of muscle protein in response to insulin secretion, might be less effective because of substrate limitation.4. Of the non-essential amino acids, the concentrations of alanine and glycine also fell markedly before treatment, but this did not occur on discharge. The significance of this difference is also discussed.5. The results also indicate that slightly high, spurious amino acid ratios can be obtained if a child is given a drink containing sugar before a blood sample is taken.

Recovery and composition of endogenous protein collected at the terminal ileum as influenced by the age of broiler chickens

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ravindran ◽  
W. H. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Age Groups

The recovery and composition of endogenous protein at the terminal ileum of broiler chickens were determined at 14 and 42 days post-hatching using the peptide alimentation method. The ileal endogenous flows of nitrogen and amino acids, expressed as mg/kg dry matter intake, differed (P < 0.05–0.01) between the two age groups, with flows increasing with age, except for lysine, histidine and glycine. The flows of lysine and histidine were unaffected (P > 0.05) by age, whereas a tendency (P = 0.07) for increased loss with age was observed for glycine. The amino acid profile of ileal endogenous protein, expressed as g/100 g crude protein, did not differ (P > 0.05) between 14-day- and 42-day-old broilers, suggesting that the relative proportions of the individual sources that contribute to the endogenous protein were similar at both ages. In both age groups, the most abundant amino acids in the ileal endogenous protein were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, serine, glycine, and threonine. The present findings suggest that, when determining true digestibility, corrections using endogenous amino acid flows determined with broilers of a particular age to apparent amino acid digestibility values determined with birds of a different age would clearly result in less accurate true digestibility estimates.

Free and protein-bound glutamine have identical splanchnic extraction in healthy human volunteers

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. G267-G274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio J. Boza ◽  
Martial Dangin ◽  
Denis Moënnoz ◽  
Franck Montigon ◽  
Jacques Vuichoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glutamine Synthesis

The objectives of the present study were to determine the splanchnic extraction of glutamine after ingestion of glutamine-rich protein (15N-labeled oat proteins) and to compare it with that of free glutamine and to determine de novo glutamine synthesis before and after glutamine consumption. Eight healthy adults were infused intravenously in the postabsorptive state with l-[1-13C]glutamine (3 μmol · kg−1 · h−1) andl-[1-13C]lysine (1.5 μmol · kg−1 · h−1) for 8 h. Four hours after the beginning of the infusion, subjects consumed (every 20 min) a liquid formula providing either 2.5 g of protein from 15N-labeled oat proteins or a mixture of free amino acids that mimicked the oat-amino acid profile and contained l-[2,5-15N2]glutamine andl-[2-15N]lysine. Splanchnic extraction of glutamine reached 62.5 ± 5.0% and 66.7 ± 3.9% after administration of 15N-labeled oat proteins and the mixture of free amino acids, respectively. Lysine splanchnic extraction was also not different (40.9 ± 11.9% and 34.9 ± 10.6% for15N-labeled oat proteins and free amino acids, respectively). The main conclusion of the present study is that glutamine is equally bioavailable when given enterally as a free amino acid and when protein bound. Therefore, and taking into consideration the drawbacks of free glutamine supplementation of ready-to-use formulas for enteral nutrition, protein sources naturally rich in this amino acid are the best option for providing stable glutamine.

Tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) leaf free amino acid profile

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Silva ◽  
AP Oliveira ◽  
DM Pereira ◽  
C Sousa ◽  
RM Seabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Tronchuda Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Purification and Characterization of Lupus Anticoagulant Like Protein from Agkistrodon Halys Brevicaudus Venom

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (06) ◽  
pp. 0993-0997
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-Wei Wu ◽  
Tie-Fu Yu ◽  
Eric C-Y Lian
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Crude Venom ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reducing Condition

SummaryBy means of CM-Sephadex C-25, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Sephadex G-200, and Sephadex G-75 chromatographies, a lupus anticoagulant like protein (LALP) from Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus was purified. On SDS-PAGE, the purified LALP had a molecular weight of 25,500 daltons under non-reducing condition and 15,000 daltons under reducing condition. The isoelectric point was pH 5.6. Its N terminal amino acid sequencing revealed a mixture of 2 sequences: DCP(P/S)(D/G)WSSYEGH(C/R)Q(Q/K). It was devoid of phospho-lipaseA, fibrino(geno)lytic, 5′-nucleotidase, L-amino acid oxidase, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase and thrombin-like activities, which were found in crude venom. In the presence of LALP, PT, aPTT, and dRVVT of human plasma were markedly prolonged and its effects were concentration-dependent but time-independent. The inhibitory effect of LALP on the plasma clotting time was enhanced by decreasing phospholipid concentration in TTI test. The individual clotting factor activity was not affected by LALP when higher dilutions of LALP-plasma mixture were used for assay. Russell’s viper venom time was shortened when high phospholipid confirmatory reagent was used. Therefore, the protein has lupus anticoagulant property.

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