scholarly journals Gibberellic acid-stimulated α-amylase secretion and phospholipid metabolism in wheat aleurone tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Mirbahar ◽  
D L Laidman
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Endomembrane Flow ◽  
Aleurone Tissue

1. Turnovers of [14C]glycerol-labelled phospholipids in wheat aleurone tissue have been measured by using a pulse-decay technique. The most metabolically active phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 2. Gibberellic acid action on the tissue led to breakdown of phosphatidylcholine and stimulated turnover of the other phosphatides concomitant with the secretion of alpha-amylase from the tissue. After pulse-labelling of the aleurone tissue with [14C]glycerol, radioactivity was lost from the phospholipids and appeared quantitatively in triacylglycerols, suggesting a stoichiometric metabolism of the former into the latter. Although 1,2-diacylglycerol is an expected intermediate in such a conversion, the patterns of radioactivity in diacylglycerols gave no indication of this. 3. Several aspects of the response of aleurone tissue to gibberellic acid resemble the responses of exocytotic animal tissues to external agonists. In particular, our results and previous reports in the literature suggest that endomembrane flow, exocytosis, phosphatidylinositol turnover and a requirement of Ca2+ for enzyme secretion are common to both plant and animal systems. Although considerable differences also exist between the two, the similarities are sufficient to warrant further consideration that plants and animals might have conserved a similar hormone response-secretion mechanism.

Low Temperature-Induced GA3 Sensitivity of Wheat. IV. Comparison of Low Temperature Effects on the Phospholipids of Aleurone Tissue of Dwarf and Tall Wheat

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Singh ◽  
LG Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Close Temporal Relationship

Low temperature effects on the phospholipids of F6 Rht 3/rht 3 isogenic lines of wheat were studied. Significant low-temperature-induced (5°C) augmentation in the phospholipids of the dwarf selection were detected. More specifically, a 20 h-5°C preincubation enhanced considerably the levels of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the aleurone tissue of the dwarf selection. In addition, these changes displayed a very close temporal relationship with the low- temperature-induced increase in gibberellic acid (GA3) sensitivity. In the case of the tall selection, only the imbibition of water was required to initiate the synthesis of major phospholipids of its aleurone tissue and low temperature preincubation had no effect on either the phospholipids or their fatty acid constituents. These results are discussed in the light of the hypotheses that GA3 receptor sites are membrane-based lipids and that the Rht gene causes an aberration in the phospholipid metabolism of the aleurone tissue which can be corrected by low temperature.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COCAINE ON THE GROWTH OF LUPINUS ALBUS. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY OF ANIMAL AND PLANT PROTOPLASM

1922 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Macht ◽  
Marguerite B. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Low Toxicity

1. The effects of cocaine and its decomposition products were studied on the growth of the young roots of Lupinus albus. 2. The results obtained were compared with similar experiments on animal tissues. 3. It was found that, while cocaine is the most toxic of these compounds studied for animal tissues, it was of comparatively low toxicity in respect to its effect on the growth of roots. On the other hand, sodium benzoate, being practically non-toxic for animals, was the most toxic of the compounds studied for the plant roots.

Endocrine secretion of alpha-amylase by the pancreas

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (2) ◽  
pp. G170-G175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Miyasaka ◽  
S. S. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Amylase Release ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Rabbit Pancreas ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Endocrine Secretion

The effect of the gastrointestinal hormone, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ), on the flux of alpha-amylase across the basolateral surface of the pancreas into interstitial fluid was measured by following its appearance in the medium bathing whole rabbit pancreas in organ culture. CCK-PZ increased the rate of amylase release by about an order of magnitude for the maximum applied dose. The response was only observed at concentrations of CCK-PZ that were supramaximal for ductal enzyme secretion (320 pmol/l to 10 nmol/l). Over this range, amylase secretion into the bath varied widely with dose, whereas that into the duct remained relatively unchanged. These observations, in conjunction with others, suggest that the acinar cell, and not the duct system, is the direct source of this amylase and that there is a natural secretion of digestive enzyme from the acinar cell in the endocrine direction that is augmented by CCK-PZ or a homologous peptide.

Chewing bread: impact on alpha-amylase secretion and oral digestion

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Joubert ◽  
Chantal Septier ◽  
Hélène Brignot ◽  
Christian Salles ◽  
Maud Panouillé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Food Bolus

During chewing, saliva helps in preparing the food bolus by agglomerating the formed particles, and it initiates enzymatic food breakdown.

scholarly journals Effect of NaCl on seed germination in some Centaurium Hill. Species (Gentianaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zivkovic ◽  
M. Devic ◽  
B. Filipovic ◽  
Z. Giba ◽  
D. Grubisic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific

The influence of high NaCl concentrations on seed germination in both light and darkness was examined in the species Centaurium pulchellum, C. erythraea, C. littorale, C. spicatum, and C. tenuiflorum. Salt tolerance was found to depend on the life history of the seeds. To be specific, seeds of all five species failed to complete germination when exposed to continuous white light if kept all the time in the presence of 100-200 mM and greater NaCl concentrations. However, when after two weeks NaCl was rinsed from the seeds and the seeds were left in distilled water under white light for an additional two weeks, all species completed germination to a certain extent. The percent of germination not only depended on NaCl concentration in the prior medium, but was also species specific. Thus, seeds of C. pulchellum, C. erythraea, and C. littorale completed germination well almost irrespective of the salt concentration previously experienced. On the other hand, seeds of C. tenuiflorum completed germination poorly if NaCl concentrations in the prior media were greater than 200 mM. When seeds after washing were transferred to darkness for an additional 14 days, they failed to complete germination if previously imbibed on media containing NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mM. However, the seeds of all species, even if previously imbibed at 800 mM NaCl, could be induced to complete germination in darkness by 1 mM gibberellic acid. .

scholarly journals Altered Salivary Alpha-Amylase Secretion in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoni Xu ◽  
Baoping Wei ◽  
Yanting Qiu ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Purpose. Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently present with psychological disturbances as well as dysfunctions of autonomic nervous system (ANS). Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) secretion is predominantly controlled by sympathetic nervous activity, while salivary fluid secretion is by parasympathetic nervous activity. Thus, it is speculated that alterations of salivary secretion may be addressed in UC populations. Methods. Thirty-five UC patients as well as 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Saliva samples before and after citric acid stimulation were collected from each participant, and salivary flow rate (SFR) was calculated accordingly. Western blotting and quantitative PCR were applied to measure the sAA level and sAA gene (AMY1) copy number, respectively. The psychological disorders, anxiety and depression, were evaluated by the scoring system of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for each participant. Results. We observed robustly increased prevalence of anxiety (p<0.001) as well as depression (p<0.001) in UC patients relative to controls. Interestingly, we detected elevated basal (p=0.015) and stimulated (p=0.021) sAA levels in the UC populations compared to controls. However, no differences were found for basal (p=0.643) or stimulated (p=0.402) SFR between the two study groups. Besides, AMY1 gene copy number was comparable between UC patients and controls. Conclusions. Our results reveal an overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and a normal activity of the parasympathetic nervous system in the UC population.

scholarly journals Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Jeong Lim ◽  
So Yeong Lee ◽  
Pan Dong Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Tissue Layer ◽  
Conception Vessel ◽  
Dark Blue ◽  
Bundle Structure

The primo-vascular system (PVS) is a novel network identified in various animal tissues. However, the PVS in subcutaneous tissue has not been well identified. Here, we examined the putative PVS on the surface of abdominal subcutaneous tissue in rats. Hemacolor staining revealed dark blue threadlike structures consisting of nodes and vessels, which were frequently observed bundled with blood vessels. The structure was filled with various immune cells including mast cells and WBCs. In the structure, there were inner spaces (20–60 µm) with low cellularity. Electron microscopy revealed a bundle structure and typical cytology common with the well-established organ surface PVS, which were different from those of the lymphatic vessel. Among several subcutaneous (sc) PVS tissues identified on the rat abdominal space, the most outstanding was the scPVS aligned along the ventral midline. The distribution pattern of nodes and vessels in the scPVS closely resembled that of the conception vessel meridian and its acupoints. In conclusion, our results newly revealed that the PVS is present in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue layer and indicate that the scPVS tissues are closely correlated with acupuncture meridians. Our findings will help to characterize the PVS in the other superficial tissues and its physiological roles.

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