scholarly journals Relationship between lipogenesis and glycogen synthesis in maternal and foetal tissues during late gestation in the rat. Effect of dexamethasone

1982 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Benito ◽  
M Lorenzo ◽  
J M Medina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Foetal Lung

Treatment with dexamethasone enhanced 3H2O incorporation into liver and blood lipid, and also increased plasma glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid and triacylglycerol concentrations during late gestation in the mother rat. An inverse relationship between glycogen and lipid synthesis in foetal liver and lung was observed in control rats. This relationship was also observed in foetal liver, but not in foetal lung, after treatment with dexamethasone.

Aspects of lipid synthesis, hydrolysis, and transport studied in selected Amazon fish

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Patton ◽  
Monty S. Haswell ◽  
Thomas W. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Release ◽  
Amazon Fish

Comparative lipogenic activities offish tissue, lipolytic activity of mesenteric fat and mode of intestinal lipid release into blood were investigated in a variety of Amazon fish. Small catfish were injected intramuscularly with [1-l4C]acetate, killed at intervals, and the lipid radioactivity of 11 separate tissues determined. In 6- and 18-h fish, the heart, eyes, dark muscle, and white muscle synthesized negligible lipid relative to the other tissues. Acetone powders of Triportheus sp, mesenteric fat contained high amounts of triglyceride lipase activity (120 nmol fatty acid release-d/min per milligram protein). The activity exhibited a pH optimum of 8.0 and was not activated by albumin, bile salts, or divalent salts nor inhibited by 1 M NaCl. Characteristics of the observed activity are identical with those of mammalian pancreatic lipase. Hoplias malabaricus were fed [1-14C]oleic acid and a chronic indwelling catheter was placed in the dorsal aorta for blood sampling. Based on the distribution of radioactivity among blood lipid classes, it is suggested that dietary lipid enters fish circulatory systems both as free fatty acid and as lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Lipogenesis in vivo in maternal and foetal tissues during late gestation in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lorenzo ◽  
T Caldés ◽  
M Benito ◽  
J M Medina
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Foetal Lung

The rate of 3H2O incorporation into lipid in vivo progressively decreased in liver but increased in parametrial adipose tissue during the last 3 days of gestation. These changes seem to be related to those occurring in plasma insulin and progesterone concentrations during the same period. Foetal liver showed a high rate of lipogenesis, which sharply decreased before parturition. foetal lung lipogenesis increased during days 20 and 21 of gestation.

scholarly journals The role of glycogen synthase phosphatase in the glucocorticoid-induced deposition of glycogen in foetal rat liver

1980 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Vanstapel ◽  
F Doperé ◽  
W Stalmans
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Adult Liver ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Foetal Rat ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Protein Components

1. The mechanism that underlies the induction of glycogen synthesis in the foetal rat liver by glucocorticoids was reinvestigated in conditions where the accumulation of glycogen is either precociously induced with dexamethasone or inhibited by steroid deprivation. It appears that glucocorticoids act as the physiological trigger for glycogen synthesis by inducing both glycogen synthase (a known effect) and its activating enzyme, glycogen synthase phosphatase. 2. The activity of glycogen synthase phosphatase in adult liver stems from the interaction of two protein components [Doperé, Vanstapel & Stalmans (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 104, 137–146]. Two independent experimental approaches indicate that the cytosolic ‘S-component’ is already well developed in the foetal liver before the onset of glycogen synthesis. The manifold glucocorticoid-dependent increase in synthase phosphatase activity during late gestation must be attributed to the specific development of the glycogen-bound ‘G-component’.

Development of lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in tissues of the ob/ob mouse

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. E101-E107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Kaplan ◽  
G. A. Leveille
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase

Lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity are evaluated in adipose tissue, liver, and diaphragm of ob/ob and non-ob/ob mice. In ob/ob mice, hepatic fatty acid synthesis from [U-14C]glucose is elevated by 4 wk of age, and adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis increases at approximately 7 wk. Hepatic activities in ob/ob mice of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) are dramatically increased by 7 wk of age. Diminished insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis is first noted in the diaphragm of ob/ob mice at 7 wk of age. Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice is impaired at 3 wk. At 7 wk, insulin-stimulated fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice is markedly increased. Adipose tissue glyceride-glycerol synthesis continues to increase throughout development, whereas fatty acid synthesis decreases after 7 wk. The data suggest that alterations in lipid synthesis occur very early in the development of ob/ob mouse, prior to expression to overt obesity, at which time a major contribution to lipogenesis is made by the liver. The altered de novo lipogenesis does not precede the reported diminution in energy metabolism.

Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate, and insulin for 24 h in patients with NIDDM

Diabetes ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Reaven ◽  
C. Hollenbeck ◽  
C. Y. Jeng ◽  
M. S. Wu ◽  
Y. D. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose

scholarly journals Effects of Meal Fructose/Glucose Composition on Postprandial Glucose Appearance and Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Cristina Barosa ◽  
Rogério T. Ribeiro ◽  
Rita Andrade ◽  
João F. Raposo ◽  
John G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Glucose Ratio ◽  
Dietary Fructose ◽  
P Sources

Dietary fructose overshadows glucose in promoting metabolic complications. Intestinal fructose metabolism (IFM) protects against these effects in rodents, by favoring gluconeogenesis, but the extent of IFM in humans is not known. We therefore aimed to infer the extent of IFM by comparing the contribution of dietary fructose to systemic glucose and hepatic glycogen appearance postprandially. Twelve fasting healthy subjects ingested two protein meals in random order, one supplemented with 50 g 5/95 fructose/glucose (LF) and the other with 50 g 55/45 fructose/glucose (HF). Sources of postprandial plasma glucose appearance and hepatic glycogen synthesis were determined with deuterated water. Plasma glucose excursions, as well as pre- and post-meal insulin, c-peptide, and triglyceride levels were nearly identical for both meals. The total gluconeogenic contribution to plasma glucose appearance was significantly higher for HF versus LF (65 ± 2% vs. 34 ± 3%, p < 0.001). For HF, Krebs cycle anaplerosis accounted for two-thirds of total gluconeogenesis (43 ± 2%) with one-third from Triose-P sources (22 ± 1%). With LF, three-quarters of the total gluconeogenic contribution originated via Krebs cycle anaplerosis (26 ± 2%) with one-quarter from Triose-P sources (9 ± 2%). HF and LF gave similar direct and indirect pathway contributions to hepatic glycogen synthesis. Increasing the fructose/glucose ratio had significant effects on glucose appearance sources but no effects on hepatic glycogen synthesis sources, consistent with extensive IFM. The majority of fructose carbons were converted to glucose via the Krebs cycle.

scholarly journals 146 Nutritional Advances in Fetal and neonatal development: effect of fatty acid supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Offspring Growth

Abstract Data from a series of experiments demonstrates that maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), during late gestation affects offspring growth. The increase in growth is independent on the fatty acid supplemented during the growing or finishing phase of the offspring; but it is sex dependent. Dam PUFA supplementation increases wether growth. Supplementation with EPA and DHA to pregnant ewes and to their offspring after weaning showed a treatment interaction in mRNA concentration of hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with dry matter intake (DMI) regulation. A dose increased in EPA and DHA in pregnant ewe diets shows a linear increase in growth, but a quadratic change in DMI or feed efficiency; growth was associated with a linear increase in plasma glucose concentration and a linear decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration. In lambs born from ewes supplemented with different sources of FA during a glucose tolerance test; males’ plasma insulin concentration increased as FA unsaturation degree increased in the dam diet, the opposite happened with females’ plasma insulin concentration. Recent data from our lab showed that the supplementation with EPA and DHA during the last third of gestation to pregnant ewes increased liver and small intestine global DNA methylation and small intestine transporters for amino acids in the fetus. Despite EPA and DHA during late gestation increase growth in the offspring; when EPA and DHA were supplemented in early gestation, offspring growth was lesser that lambs born from ewes supplemented a saturated and monounsaturated lipid. The reason for the difference in results it is not clear. However, more studies focusing in some aspect of the biology will help to understand what specific fatty acid needs to be supplemented at different stages of gestation to improve offspring growth.

scholarly journals Modulation of lipid-synthesizing enzymes by insulin in differentiated ob17 adipose-like cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Grimaldi ◽  
C Forest ◽  
P Poli ◽  
R Negrel ◽  
G Ailhaud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ob17 cells convert into adipose-like cells when maintained in the presence of physiological concentrations of insulin and tri-iodothyronine. After this conversion, insulin removal from differentiated ob17 cells gives within 24-48 h a large decrease in fatty acid synthetase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and acid:CoA ligase activities, as well as in the rate of fatty acid synthesis determined by [14C]acetate incorporation into lipids. All parameters are restored by insulin addition to initial values within 24-48 h. Dose-response curves of insulin on the restoration of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and of fatty acid synthesis give half-maximally effective concentrations close to 1 nM, in agreement with the affinity for insulin of the insulin receptors previously characterized in these cells. Immunotitration experiments indicate that the changes in the specific activity of fatty acid synthetase are due to parallel changes in the cellular enzyme content. Therefore the ob17 cell line should be a useful model to study the long-term effects of insulin on the modulation of lipid synthesis in adipose cells.

scholarly journals Metabolic Consequences of Hypoxia from Birth and Dexamethasone Treatment in the Neonatal Rat: Comprehensive Hepatic Lipid and Fatty Acid Profiling

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 5364-5372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Bruder ◽  
Ping C. Lee ◽  
Hershel Raff
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Hepatic Lipase Activity ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

Abstract Neonatal hypoxia is a common condition resulting from pulmonary and/or cardiac dysfunction. Dexamethasone therapy is a common treatment for many causes of neonatal distress, including hypoxia. The present study examined the effects of dexamethasone treatment on both normoxic and hypoxic neonatal rats. We performed comprehensive hepatic fatty acid/lipid profiling and evaluated changes in pertinent plasma hormones and lipids and a functional hepatic correlate, i.e. hepatic lipase activity. Rats were exposed to hypoxia from birth to 7 d of age. A 4-d tapering dose regimen of dexamethasone was administered on: postnatal day (PD)3 (0.5 mg/kg), PD4 (0.25 mg/kg), PD5 (0.125 mg/kg), and PD6 (0.05 mg/kg). The most significant finding was that dexamethasone attenuated nearly all hypoxia-induced changes in hepatic lipid profiles. Hypoxia increased the concentration of hepatic triacylglyceride and free fatty acids and, more specifically, increased a number of fatty acid metabolites within these lipid classes. Administration of dexamethasone blocked these increases. Hypoxia alone increased the plasma concentration of cholesterol and triacylglyceride, had no effect on plasma glucose, and only tended to increase plasma insulin. Dexamethasone administration to hypoxic pups resulted in an additional increase in plasma lipid concentrations, an increase in insulin, and a decrease in plasma glucose. Hypoxia and dexamethasone treatment each decreased total hepatic lipase activity. Normoxic pups treated with dexamethasone displayed increased plasma lipids and insulin. The effects of dexamethasone on hepatic function in the hypoxic neonate are dramatic and have significant implications in the assessment and treatment of metabolic dysfunction in the newborn.

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