Aspects of lipid synthesis, hydrolysis, and transport studied in selected Amazon fish

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Patton ◽  
Monty S. Haswell ◽  
Thomas W. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Release ◽  
Amazon Fish

Comparative lipogenic activities offish tissue, lipolytic activity of mesenteric fat and mode of intestinal lipid release into blood were investigated in a variety of Amazon fish. Small catfish were injected intramuscularly with [1-l4C]acetate, killed at intervals, and the lipid radioactivity of 11 separate tissues determined. In 6- and 18-h fish, the heart, eyes, dark muscle, and white muscle synthesized negligible lipid relative to the other tissues. Acetone powders of Triportheus sp, mesenteric fat contained high amounts of triglyceride lipase activity (120 nmol fatty acid release-d/min per milligram protein). The activity exhibited a pH optimum of 8.0 and was not activated by albumin, bile salts, or divalent salts nor inhibited by 1 M NaCl. Characteristics of the observed activity are identical with those of mammalian pancreatic lipase. Hoplias malabaricus were fed [1-14C]oleic acid and a chronic indwelling catheter was placed in the dorsal aorta for blood sampling. Based on the distribution of radioactivity among blood lipid classes, it is suggested that dietary lipid enters fish circulatory systems both as free fatty acid and as lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile of fillet, liver and mesenteric fat in tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) fed vegetable oil supplementation in the finishing period of fattening

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-205
Author(s):  
T. Molnár ◽  
J. Biró ◽  
C. Hancz ◽  
R. Romvári ◽  
D. Varga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Mesenteric Fat

Abstract. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) previously reared on a commercial feed were shifted to 3 experimental diets with added 5 % of soybean, linseed oil or fish oils, for 42 days as a finishing diet, according to literature recommendations. Fillet, liver and mesenteric fat total lipid fatty acid composition was determined and evaluated taking health and dietary recommendations into consideration. It was found that dietary vegetable oil fatty acids are effectively incorporated into tilapia hepatic and muscular total lipids, but have no pronounced effect on further fatty acid metabolism, in particular on the n-3 fatty acids. Liver was found to sensitively indicate elevated dietary lipid intake, as proven by its higher, most probably endogenous palmitate synthesis. Based on our results the application of vegetable oils to partially substitute fish oil for tilapia can be recommended in relation to the most important dietary lipid quality indicators.

Development and Physiological Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Absorption. II. Dietary lipid absorption, complex lipid synthesis, and the intracellular packaging and secretion of chylomicrons

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. G645-G650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Mansbach ◽  
Fred Gorelick
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Transport Vesicle

Research in dietary fat absorption has developed urgency because of the widely recognized epidemic of obesity in the United States. Despite its clinical importance, many controversies exist over some of the basic aspects of this process from the mechanisms of fatty acid uptake to the control of triacylglycerol export in chylomicrons. Recent advances have included the identification of a number of fatty acid transporters, the discovery of families of acyl-CoA synthetase long chains and acyltransferases, a physiological function for liver-fatty acid binding protein, and the characterization of the prechylomicron transport vesicle transporting chylomicrons from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.

scholarly journals Relationship between lipogenesis and glycogen synthesis in maternal and foetal tissues during late gestation in the rat. Effect of dexamethasone

1982 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Benito ◽  
M Lorenzo ◽  
J M Medina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Foetal Lung

Treatment with dexamethasone enhanced 3H2O incorporation into liver and blood lipid, and also increased plasma glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid and triacylglycerol concentrations during late gestation in the mother rat. An inverse relationship between glycogen and lipid synthesis in foetal liver and lung was observed in control rats. This relationship was also observed in foetal liver, but not in foetal lung, after treatment with dexamethasone.

Lipolytic activity in rat epididymal fat pads

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Björntorp ◽  
Robert H. Furman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Position Specificity ◽  
Fat Pads

Rat epididymal fat pads were incubated in the presence of heparin and epinephrine. The lipase activity present in the incubation medium and in the tissue after homogenization was measured, partially purified, and characterized. A lipase was eluted into the incubation medium which was considered to be identical with lipoprotein lipase described by E. D. Korn. It had a pH optimum of 8.5, required serum proteins and ammonium sulfate as cofactors, and was inhibited by high ionic strength, protamine sulfate, EDTA, and deoxycholate. The yield of this lipase was greater when heparin was present in the incubation medium and when the pads were obtained from fed rather than fasting rats. This lipase was also present in the tissue homogenates. A lipase differing from lipoprotein lipase was found in the tissue homogenates. It had a pH optimum between 6.5 and 7 and required albumin for optimal activity. It was inhibited by NaF. The yield of this lipase was greatest in the homogenates of fat pads obtained from fasting rats and incubated with epinephrine. Position-specificity tests utilizing a pure triglyceride of known fatty acid composition indicated preferential alpha fatty acid hydrolysis by both lipases as well as by pancreatic lipase.

Effect of exercise on free fatty acid levels in the pigeon

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. George ◽  
N. V. Vallyathan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Fatty Acid Release ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of exercise on the free fatty acid (FFA) levels in the muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and blood in the pigeon was quantitatively studied after the electrical stimulation of the breast muscles. A reduction of FFA in the blood plasma, liver, and adipose tissue was observed after the stimulation of the muscle. On the other hand, an increase in the FFA content of the muscle was noticed. It was found that there is high rate of FFA extraction by the muscle from the blood which in turn is being supplied from the adipose tissue and liver during the activity of the muscle. From the data obtained it is concluded that the skeletal muscles of birds utilize mainly fat during sustained muscular activity. The physiological importance of FFA as substrate for muscular activity is discussed. fat utilization by muscle; fatty acid release from adipose tissue and liver; blood lipid level in exercise Submitted on September 25, 1963

Proximate Chemical Analysis, Fatty Acid Profile and Microstructural Characteristics of Dromedary Camel Fats (Hump, Renal and Mesentery)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Mesenteric Fat

The quality, safety, and suitability of animal fat for processing of a specific meat product is a critical issue. Increasing the human awareness about the health aspects associated with increased intake of animal fat, makes camel fat a suitable raw material for meat processing due to its excellent nutritional contribution. Therefore, the target of this study is examination of the sensory, physicochemical, fat oxidation, fatty acid profile, and other quality parameters of camel fat to evaluate the feasibility for processing of different meat products. To achieve this goal, 30 fat samples each from the hump, renal, and mesentery of Arabian male camels were investigated. The results showed that both the renal and mesenteric fat had honey color and medium-soft texture, while the hump had greyish-white color and hard texture. The sensory panel scores were significantly different between the hump and other fats. Hump fat had significantly (P<0.05) higher moisture, protein, and collagen content, while higher fat content was recorded in mesenteric fat. The fatty acid analysis showed that hump had high SFA and very low PUFA in comparison with both renal and mesenteric fat. Camel fat had high oxidation stability, and the mean values were very low in comparison with the levels of quality and acceptability. The ultrastructural analysis showed that hump fat had high elastin fibers which increase its hardness. The results indicated that both renal and mesenteric fat were more suitable for the production of various meat products than the hump.

scholarly journals Modulation of lipid-synthesizing enzymes by insulin in differentiated ob17 adipose-like cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Grimaldi ◽  
C Forest ◽  
P Poli ◽  
R Negrel ◽  
G Ailhaud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ob17 cells convert into adipose-like cells when maintained in the presence of physiological concentrations of insulin and tri-iodothyronine. After this conversion, insulin removal from differentiated ob17 cells gives within 24-48 h a large decrease in fatty acid synthetase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and acid:CoA ligase activities, as well as in the rate of fatty acid synthesis determined by [14C]acetate incorporation into lipids. All parameters are restored by insulin addition to initial values within 24-48 h. Dose-response curves of insulin on the restoration of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and of fatty acid synthesis give half-maximally effective concentrations close to 1 nM, in agreement with the affinity for insulin of the insulin receptors previously characterized in these cells. Immunotitration experiments indicate that the changes in the specific activity of fatty acid synthetase are due to parallel changes in the cellular enzyme content. Therefore the ob17 cell line should be a useful model to study the long-term effects of insulin on the modulation of lipid synthesis in adipose cells.

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