scholarly journals Protein synthesis in the cotyledons of Pisum sativum L. Protein factors involved in the binding of phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid to ribosomes*

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary N. Wells ◽  
Leonard Beevers
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Ternary Complex ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Sensitive Site ◽  
Millipore Filters

1. Proteinaceous factors contained in a 0.5m-KCl extract of ribosomes from pea cotyledons form a ternary complex at 0°C with [14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA and poly(U). The complex is measured by its quantitative retention on Millipore filters. 2. Complex-assembly is optimal at 5mm-Mg2+ and is independent of GTP and ribosomes. 3. The addition of ribosomes is required to stabilize the complex at 34°C. The complex binds to a puromycin-sensitive site on the ribosome. 4. Soluble factors from the 250000g supernatant of pea cotyledon form a Millipore-retainable complex dependent on GTP and ribosomes. 5. Complex-formation by soluble factors has a Mg2+ optimum of 10–12mm and forms a puromycin-insensitive complex with ribosomes. 6. The function of the ribosomal protein factors and the supernatant fraction in initiation of protein synthesis is discussed.

scholarly journals Protein synthesis in chloroplasts. Characteristics and products of protein synthesis in vitro in etioplasts and developing chloroplasts from pea leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Siddell ◽  
R J Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
Plastid Ribosomes

The function of plastid ribosomes in pea (Pisum sativum L.) was investigated by characterizing the products of protein synthesis in vitro in plastids isolated at different stages during the transition from etioplast to chloroplast. Etioplasts and plastids isolated after 24, 48 and 96h of greening in continuous white light, use added ATP to incorporate labelled amino acids into protein. Plastids isolated from greening leaves can also use light as the source of energy for protein synthesis. The labelled polypeptides synthesized in isolated plastids were analysed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate-ureapolyacrylamide gels. Six polypeptides are synthesized in etioplasts with ATP as energy source. Only one of these polypeptides is present in a 150 000g supernatant fraction. This polypeptide has been identified as the large subunit of Fraction I protein (3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxylyase EC 4.1.1.39) by comparing the tryptic ‘map’ of its L-(35S)methionine-labelled peptides with the tryptic ‘map’ of large subunit peptides from Fraction I labelled with L-(35S)methionine in vivo. The same gel pattern of six polypeptides is seen when plastids isolated from greening leaves are incubated with either added ATP or light as the energy source. However, the rates of synthesis of particular polypeptides are different in plastids isolated at different stages of the etioplast to chloroplast transition. The results support the idea that plastid ribosomes synthesize only a small number of proteins, and that the number and molecular weight of these proteins does not alter during the formation of chloroplasts from etioplasts.

Long-lived Messenger RNA and its Relationship to Protein Synthesis During Germination of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds

1986 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Greenway ◽  
G. M. Strangeway ◽  
D. Grierson ◽  
J. A. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

scholarly journals OLA1 regulates protein synthesis and integrated stress response by inhibiting eIF2 ternary complex formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huarong Chen ◽  
Renduo Song ◽  
Guohui Wang ◽  
Zonghui Ding ◽  
Chunying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Ternary Complex ◽  
Integrated Stress Response ◽  
Ternary Complex Formation

Protein synthesis by cell-free extracts of Proteus vulgaris

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1545-1551
Author(s):  
K. L. Backler ◽  
W. E. Inniss
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Guanosine Triphosphate ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Polyuridylic Acid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Directed System ◽  
Low Activity

A cell-free protein-synthesizing system from Proteus vulgaris was developed and characterized. Initially, a very low activity was found to occur; it was shown to be due to a deficiency in the endogenous transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) content of the cell extracts. When tRNA was added to the polyuridylic acid (poly U) directed system, incorporation of 14C-phenylalanine into polypeptide readily occurred. This incorporation was dependent on ribosomes and supernatant fraction and the optimum concentrations of the various components of the system were found to be as follows: 120 μg/ml tRNA, 30 mM magnesium, 0.5 mM spermidine, 60 mM potassium, 50 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 5 mM guanosine triphosphate (GTP), 0.03 mM cytosine triphosphate (CTP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP), 5 mM phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), 50 μg/ml poly U, and 30 mM 2-mercaptoethanol.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF 60COBALT IONIZING IRRADIATION ON GROWTH AND POLYSOME CONTENT IN PISUM SATIVUM L. `ALASKA'

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1261d-1261
Author(s):  
Jody A. Goodrich
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Ionizing Irradiation ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Injurious Effects

This research tested the hypothesis that 60Co ionizing irradiation degrades polysomes to monosomes, a process that reduces growth of Pisum sativum seedlings. Dry and imbibed seeds and 5-day-old seedlings were exposed to 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 14.4, or 28.8 krad of 60Co irradiation. Immediately after irradiation treatments, dry and imbibed seeds were planted, and later seedlings were harvested and analyzed. Five 1-cm root-tip samples from 5-day-old seedlings were crushed and layered onto 15% to 60% sucrose gradients and centrifuged for 55 min. The samples were processed through an ISCO ultraviolet chart maker. The monosome and polysome weights were read and analyzed. The monosome content was greater in the irradiated 5-day-old seedlings than in seedlings from dry and imbibed seeds. The growth of 5-day-old irradiated seedlings and seedlings from imbibed seeds was less than that of seedlings from dry seeds. The reduced growth of the irradiated seedlings suggests damage to the polysomes. When protein synthesis in plant cells is altered, perhaps through RNA decoding mechanisms, growth may be partially or completely arrested. Using sensitive plants to establish the injurious effects of ionizing irradiation on living organisms can educate and alert society to the detrimental effects of overexposure to irradiation such as that caused by nuclear accidents.

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