scholarly journals Biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in Bacillus licheniformis

1972 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Hancock ◽  
J. Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Anomeric Configuration ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Two Stages

1. The biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid, poly(glycerol phosphate glucose), has been studied with a particulate membrane preparation from Bacillus licheniformis A.T.C.C. 9945. The precursor CDP-glycerol supplies glycerol phosphate residues, whereas UDP-glucose supplies only glucose to the repeating structure of the polymer. 2. Synthesis proceeds through polyprenol phosphate derivatives, and chemical studies and pulse-labelling techniques show that the first intermediate is the phosphodiester, glucose polyprenol monophosphate. CDP-glycerol donates a glycerol phosphate residue to this to give a second intermediate, (glycerol phosphate glucose phosphate) polyprenol. 3. The glucose residue in the lipid intermediates has the β configuration, and chain extension in the synthesis of polymer occurs by transglycosylation with inversion of anomeric configuration at two stages.

scholarly journals Surface Glycopolymers Are Crucial forIn VitroAnti-Wall Teichoic Acid IgG-Mediated Complement Activation and Opsonophagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 4247-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ho Lee ◽  
Na-Hyang Kim ◽  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Kenji Kurokawa ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Cell Envelopes

ABSTRACTThe cell envelopes of many Gram-positive bacteria contain wall teichoic acids (WTAs).Staphylococcus aureusWTAs are composed of ribitol phosphate (RboP) or glycerol phosphate (GroP) backbones substituted withd-alanine andN-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) orN-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). Two WTA glycosyltransferases, TarM and TarS, are responsible for modifying the RboP WTA with α-GlcNAc and β-GlcNAc, respectively. We recently reported that purified human serum anti-WTA IgG specifically recognizes β-GlcNAc of the staphylococcal RboP WTA and then facilitates complement C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis ofS. aureuslaboratory strains. This prompted us to examine whether anti-WTA IgG can induce C3 deposition on a diverse set of clinicalS. aureusisolates. To this end, we compared anti-WTA IgG-mediated C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis abilities using 13 different staphylococcal strains. Of note, the majority ofS. aureusstrains tested was recognized by anti-WTA IgG, resulting in C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis. A minority of strains was not recognized by anti-WTA IgG, which correlated with either extensive capsule production or an alteration in the WTA glycosylation pattern. Our results demonstrate that the presence of WTAs with TarS-mediated glycosylation with β-GlcNAc in clinically isolatedS. aureusstrains is an important factor for induction of anti-WTA IgG-mediated C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis.

scholarly journals Studies on the linkage between teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in a bacteriophage-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus H

1975 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Heckels ◽  
A R Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Phosphodiester Linkage ◽  
A Chain

1. In addition to poly(ribitol phosphate) the walls of a bacteriophage-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus H contain glycerol phosphate residues that are not removed on digestion with trypsin or extraction with phenol. 2. The glycerol phosphate is present in a chain, containing three or four glycerol phosphate residues, which is covalently attached to the peptidoglycan through a phosphodiester linkage to muramic acid; this linkage is readily hydrolysed by dilute alkali. 3. The degradative studies described suggest that the poly(ribitol phosphate) chains of the wall teichoic acid may be attached to the wall by linkage to this glycerol phosphate oligomer.

Preparation of a fragment of the cell wall teichoic acid of Bacillus licheniformis atcc 9945 via a solid phase approach

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1557-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Westerduin ◽  
G.H. Veeneman ◽  
Y. Pennings ◽  
G.A. van der Marel ◽  
J.H. van Boom
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Phase Approach

scholarly journals Teichoic acid and lipid metabolism during sporulation of Bacillus megaterium KM

1982 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Johnstone ◽  
F A Simion ◽  
D J Ellar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Lipid Phosphorus ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement

The biochemistry of teichoic acid and lipid metabolism has been studied during sporulation of Bacillus megaterium KM. Measurements of cell-wall and membrane teichoic acid have shown that net synthesis of these polymers ceases at the onset of sporulation. Pulse-labelling studies show that the period of asymmetric septation and forespore engulfment is marked by an initiation of turnover of membrane teichoic acid but not of wall teichoic acid. This is reflected in the presence of inner-membrane teichoic acid and the virtual absence of wall teichoic acid in dormant spores. The total amount of lipid phosphorus in the sporulating cell increases by 70% as a result of asymmetric septation and subsequent engulfment of the forespore. The phosphorus requirement for this synthesis is derived from a pool formed during exponential growth, which is not exchangeable with extracellular Pi during sporulation. These results suggest that during sporulation a proportion of the glycerol 3-phosphate produced by preferential degradation of membrane teichoic acid formed during exponential growth is used for phospholipid synthesis during sporulation.

scholarly journals The biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in Staphylococcus lactis I3

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Baddiley ◽  
N. L. Blumsom ◽  
L. Julia Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

1. The biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in Staphylococcus lactis I3 was studied. Cell-free particulate enzyme preparations, probably representing fragmented membrane, were isolated and used for the synthesis of polymer. 2. By using appropriately labelled CDP-glycerol and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine it was shown that the former contributes a glycerol phosphate residue and the latter contributes an N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate residue to the repeating unit. 3. No polymer was synthesized unless both nucleotides were present, and no other substrates were required. 4. The properties of the enzyme system were studied. 5. Although attempts to fractionate the system failed, the biosynthesis is believed to be complex and its mechanism is considered.

ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of a Fragment of the Cell Wall Teichoic Acid of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945 via a Solid Phase Approach.

ChemInform ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. WESTERDUIN ◽  
G. H. VEENEMAN ◽  
Y. PENNINGS ◽  
G. A. VAN DER MAREL ◽  
J. H. VAN BOOM
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Phase Approach

scholarly journals Lipid intermediates in the biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in Staphylococcus lactis I3

1972 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Hussey ◽  
J. Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Unidentified Lipid ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Particulate Systems

1. Particulate enzyme systems have been prepared from Staphylococcus lactis I3 which effect the synthesis of wall teichoic acid (a polymer containing a repeating unit in which d-glycerol 1-phosphate is attached to the 4-position on N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) from the nucleotide precursors CDP-glycerol and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. By using nucleotides labelled with 32P and 14C it has been shown that the synthesis proceeds via lipid intermediates. 2. Two intermediates have been found. In one of these N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate is present, whereas in the other the repeating unit of the teichoic acid occurs. 3. The simultaneous formation of the teichoic acid, a poly-(N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) and an unidentified lipid, together with the poor ability of most particulate systems to synthesize polymer and the instability of the lipid intermediates themselves, have interfered with pulse-labelling experiments. Nevertheless, the biosynthetic sequence has been elucidated. It is concluded that the intermediates are derivatives of undecaprenol phosphate.

scholarly journals Teichoic acid synthesis in Bacillus stearothermophilus

1974 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

1. Particulate enzyme preparations obtained from Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 by digestion with lysozyme were shown to catalyse teichoic acid synthesis. With CDP-glycerol as sole substrate the preparations synthesized 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate). It was characterized by alkaline hydrolysis, by glucosylation to the alkali-stable 2-glucosyl-1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) with excess of UDP-glucose and a Bacillus subtilis Marburg enzyme system, by degradation of this latter product with 60%HF and periodate oxidation of the resulting glucosylglycerol. The specificity of the B. subtilis system previously reported (Glaser & Burger, 1964), was confirmed in the present work. 2. Pulse-labelling experiments, followed by periodate oxidation of the product and isolation of formaldehyde from the glycerol terminus of the polymer, showed that the B. stearothermophilus enzyme system transferred glycerol phosphate units to the glycerol end of the chain. The transfer reaction was irreversible. It was not determined if these poly(glycerol phosphate) chains were synthesized de novo, but it was shown that the newly synthesized oligomers were bound to much larger molecules. 3. When the B. stearothermophilus enzyme system was supplied with both CDP-glycerol and UDP-glucose, 1-glucosyl-2,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) was synthesized in addition to the 1,3-isomer. The former polymer was characterized by acid and alkaline hydrolysis, degradation with HF and periodate oxidation of the resulting glucosylglycerol, and periodate oxidation of the intact polymer followed by mild acid hydrolysis. This latter procedure removed the glucose substituents without disrupting the poly(glycerol phosphate) chain. 4. The poly(glycerol phosphate) isomers were distinguished by glucosylation with the B. subtilis enzymes and alkaline hydrolysis, the 2,3-isomer remaining alkali-labile. The proportion of 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) in the product increased with increasing amounts of UDP-glucose in the incubation mixture, but the total glycerol phosphate incorporated into products remained constant. It is suggested that the synthetic pathways of the two poly(glycerol phosphate) species may share a rate-limiting step.

scholarly journals The membrane teichoic acid of Staphylococcus lactis I3

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley ◽  
D. Button
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
High Lability

1. Teichoic acid was isolated by extraction with trichloroacetic acid of the membrane fraction of disrupted cells of Staphylococcus lactis I3. 2. The purified material contains glycerol, phosphate and alanine, but little or no sugar or amino sugar. 3. A study of the products of hydrolysis with acid and alkali established that the membrane teichoic acid is a (1→3)-linked poly(glycerol phosphate) that differs in structure from the glycerol teichoic acid in the wall of this organism. 4. The alanine ester residues show the characteristic high lability to alkali and are thus distinguishable from the more stable alanine ester residues of the wall teichoic acid. 5. The significance of these structural features and the possible function of teichoic acids are discussed.

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