scholarly journals The membrane teichoic acid of Staphylococcus lactis I3

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley ◽  
D. Button
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
High Lability

1. Teichoic acid was isolated by extraction with trichloroacetic acid of the membrane fraction of disrupted cells of Staphylococcus lactis I3. 2. The purified material contains glycerol, phosphate and alanine, but little or no sugar or amino sugar. 3. A study of the products of hydrolysis with acid and alkali established that the membrane teichoic acid is a (1→3)-linked poly(glycerol phosphate) that differs in structure from the glycerol teichoic acid in the wall of this organism. 4. The alanine ester residues show the characteristic high lability to alkali and are thus distinguishable from the more stable alanine ester residues of the wall teichoic acid. 5. The significance of these structural features and the possible function of teichoic acids are discussed.

scholarly journals Teichoic Acid Is an Essential Polymer in Bacillus subtilis That Is Functionally Distinct from Teichuronic Acid

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (23) ◽  
pp. 7865-7873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit P. Bhavsar ◽  
Laura K. Erdman ◽  
Jeffrey W. Schertzer ◽  
Eric D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Teichuronic Acid ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids

ABSTRACT Wall teichoic acids are anionic, phosphate-rich polymers linked to the peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, the predominant wall teichoic acid types are poly(glycerol phosphate) in strain 168 and poly(ribitol phosphate) in strain W23, and they are synthesized by the tag and tar gene products, respectively. Growing evidence suggests that wall teichoic acids are essential in B. subtilis; however, it is widely believed that teichoic acids are dispensable under phosphate-limiting conditions. In the work reported here, we carefully studied the dispensability of teichoic acid under phosphate-limiting conditions by constructing three new mutants. These strains, having precise deletions in tagB, tagF, and tarD, were dependent on xylose-inducible complementation from a distal locus (amyE) for growth. The tarD deletion interrupted poly(ribitol phosphate) synthesis in B. subtilis and represents a unique deletion of a tar gene. When teichoic acid biosynthetic proteins were depleted, the mutants showed a coccoid morphology and cell wall thickening. The new wall teichoic acid biogenesis mutants generated in this work and a previously reported tagD mutant were not viable under phosphate-limiting conditions in the absence of complementation. Cell wall analysis of B. subtilis grown under phosphate-limited conditions showed that teichoic acid contributed approximately one-third of the wall anionic content. These data suggest that wall teichoic acid has an essential function in B. subtilis that cannot be replaced by teichuronic acid.

scholarly journals Surface Glycopolymers Are Crucial forIn VitroAnti-Wall Teichoic Acid IgG-Mediated Complement Activation and Opsonophagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 4247-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ho Lee ◽  
Na-Hyang Kim ◽  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Kenji Kurokawa ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Cell Envelopes

ABSTRACTThe cell envelopes of many Gram-positive bacteria contain wall teichoic acids (WTAs).Staphylococcus aureusWTAs are composed of ribitol phosphate (RboP) or glycerol phosphate (GroP) backbones substituted withd-alanine andN-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) orN-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). Two WTA glycosyltransferases, TarM and TarS, are responsible for modifying the RboP WTA with α-GlcNAc and β-GlcNAc, respectively. We recently reported that purified human serum anti-WTA IgG specifically recognizes β-GlcNAc of the staphylococcal RboP WTA and then facilitates complement C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis ofS. aureuslaboratory strains. This prompted us to examine whether anti-WTA IgG can induce C3 deposition on a diverse set of clinicalS. aureusisolates. To this end, we compared anti-WTA IgG-mediated C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis abilities using 13 different staphylococcal strains. Of note, the majority ofS. aureusstrains tested was recognized by anti-WTA IgG, resulting in C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis. A minority of strains was not recognized by anti-WTA IgG, which correlated with either extensive capsule production or an alteration in the WTA glycosylation pattern. Our results demonstrate that the presence of WTAs with TarS-mediated glycosylation with β-GlcNAc in clinically isolatedS. aureusstrains is an important factor for induction of anti-WTA IgG-mediated C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis.

Structural features of cell wall teichoic acid and peptidoglycan of Actinomadura cremea INA 292

1991 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. POTEKHINA ◽  
Irina B. NAUMOVA ◽  
Alexander S. SHASHKOV ◽  
Larisa P. TEREKHOVA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid

scholarly journals Studies on the linkage between teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in a bacteriophage-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus H

1975 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Heckels ◽  
A R Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Phosphodiester Linkage ◽  
A Chain

1. In addition to poly(ribitol phosphate) the walls of a bacteriophage-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus H contain glycerol phosphate residues that are not removed on digestion with trypsin or extraction with phenol. 2. The glycerol phosphate is present in a chain, containing three or four glycerol phosphate residues, which is covalently attached to the peptidoglycan through a phosphodiester linkage to muramic acid; this linkage is readily hydrolysed by dilute alkali. 3. The degradative studies described suggest that the poly(ribitol phosphate) chains of the wall teichoic acid may be attached to the wall by linkage to this glycerol phosphate oligomer.

scholarly journals The biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in Staphylococcus lactis I3

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Baddiley ◽  
N. L. Blumsom ◽  
L. Julia Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

1. The biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in Staphylococcus lactis I3 was studied. Cell-free particulate enzyme preparations, probably representing fragmented membrane, were isolated and used for the synthesis of polymer. 2. By using appropriately labelled CDP-glycerol and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine it was shown that the former contributes a glycerol phosphate residue and the latter contributes an N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate residue to the repeating unit. 3. No polymer was synthesized unless both nucleotides were present, and no other substrates were required. 4. The properties of the enzyme system were studied. 5. Although attempts to fractionate the system failed, the biosynthesis is believed to be complex and its mechanism is considered.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid in Bacillus licheniformis

1972 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Hancock ◽  
J. Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Anomeric Configuration ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Two Stages

1. The biosynthesis of the wall teichoic acid, poly(glycerol phosphate glucose), has been studied with a particulate membrane preparation from Bacillus licheniformis A.T.C.C. 9945. The precursor CDP-glycerol supplies glycerol phosphate residues, whereas UDP-glucose supplies only glucose to the repeating structure of the polymer. 2. Synthesis proceeds through polyprenol phosphate derivatives, and chemical studies and pulse-labelling techniques show that the first intermediate is the phosphodiester, glucose polyprenol monophosphate. CDP-glycerol donates a glycerol phosphate residue to this to give a second intermediate, (glycerol phosphate glucose phosphate) polyprenol. 3. The glucose residue in the lipid intermediates has the β configuration, and chain extension in the synthesis of polymer occurs by transglycosylation with inversion of anomeric configuration at two stages.

scholarly journals The glycerol teichoic acid of walls of Staphylococcus lactis I3

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley ◽  
D. Button
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Polymeric Structure ◽  
Phosphodiester Group ◽  
Mild Acid

1. The teichoic acid from walls of Staphylococcus lactis I3 was isolated by extraction with trichloroacetic acid and shown to contain glycerol, N-acetylglucosamine, phosphate and d-alanine in the molecular proportions 1:1:2:1. The alanine is attached to the polymer through ester linkages. 2. Hydrolysis with acid gave alanine, glucosamine and glycerol diphosphates. Under mild acid conditions a repeating unit was produced; this consists of glycerol diphosphate joined through a phosphodiester group to N-acetylglucosamine. 3. Hydrolysis with alkali gave glycerol diphosphates, saccharinic acid and two phosphodiesters containing glucosamine whose structures were elucidated; these both contain glucosamine 1-phosphate, and N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate was isolated by a degradative procedure. 4. The unusual properties of the teichoic acid are explained by a polymeric structure in which N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate is attached through its phosphate to glycerol phosphate. 5. The biosynthetic implications of this structure are discussed.

scholarly journals Phage SPP1 Reversible Adsorption to Bacillus subtilis Cell Wall Teichoic Acids Accelerates Virus Recognition of Membrane Receptor YueB

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (14) ◽  
pp. 4989-4996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Baptista ◽  
Mário A. Santos ◽  
Carlos São-José
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Host Cell Membrane ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Reversible Adsorption

ABSTRACT Bacteriophage SPP1 targets the host cell membrane protein YueB to irreversibly adsorb and infect Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, SPP1 still binds to the surface of yueB mutants, although in a completely reversible way. We evaluated here the relevance of a reversible step in SPP1 adsorption and identified the receptor(s) involved. We show that reversible adsorption is impaired in B. subtilis mutants defective in the glucosylation pathway of teichoic acids or displaying a modified chemical composition of these polymers. The results indicate that glucosylated poly(glycerolphosphate) cell wall teichoic acid is the major target for SPP1 reversible binding. Interaction with this polymer is characterized by a fast adsorption rate showing low-temperature dependence, followed by a rapid establishment of an equilibrium state between adsorbed and free phages. This equilibrium is basically determined by the rate of phage dissociation, which exhibits a strong dependence on temperature compatible with an Arrhenius law. This allowed us to determine an activation energy of 22.6 kcal/mol for phage release. Finally, we show that SPP1 reversible interaction strongly accelerates irreversible binding to YueB. Our results support a model in which fast SPP1 adsorption to and desorption from teichoic acids allows SPP1 to scan the bacterial surface for rapid YueB recognition.

scholarly journals Wall teichoic acids govern cationic gold nanoparticle interaction with Gram-positive bacterial cell walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4106-4118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Caudill ◽  
Rodrigo Tapia Hernandez ◽  
Kyle P. Johnson ◽  
James T. O'Rourke ◽  
Lingchao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids ◽  
Acid Structure ◽  
Cationic Gold

Cationic gold nanoparticle interaction with strains of Bacillus subtilis is dictated by wall teichoic acid structure and composition.

scholarly journals The glycerol teichoic acid from walls of Staphylococcus epidermidis I2

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley ◽  
G. A. Shaukat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate

1. Walls of Staphylococcus epidermidis I2 contain 30% (w/w) of a glycerol teichoic acid containing phosphate, d-alanine and d-glucose in the molecular proportions 1:0·25:0·50. 2. The teichoic acid was isolated by extraction with trichloroacetic acid and with dilute aqueous NN-dimethylhydrazine at pH7, and was shown to be a (1→3)-linked poly(glycerol phosphate) containing β-d-glucopyranosyl and d-alanyl ester substituents. 3. 2-O-β-d-Glucopyranosylglycerol was isolated and characterized as its crystalline hexa-O-acetate. 4. Unlike that of certain other bacteria, the peptidoglycan component of the wall is not solubilized by NN-dimethylhydrazine. 5. The membrane teichoic acid is also a (1→3)-linked poly(glycerol phosphate) but contains a smaller proportion of glucosyl substituents.

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