scholarly journals Studies on the linkage between teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in a bacteriophage-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus H

1975 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Heckels ◽  
A R Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Phosphodiester Linkage ◽  
A Chain

1. In addition to poly(ribitol phosphate) the walls of a bacteriophage-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus H contain glycerol phosphate residues that are not removed on digestion with trypsin or extraction with phenol. 2. The glycerol phosphate is present in a chain, containing three or four glycerol phosphate residues, which is covalently attached to the peptidoglycan through a phosphodiester linkage to muramic acid; this linkage is readily hydrolysed by dilute alkali. 3. The degradative studies described suggest that the poly(ribitol phosphate) chains of the wall teichoic acid may be attached to the wall by linkage to this glycerol phosphate oligomer.

scholarly journals The linkage of sugar phosphate polymer to peptidoglycan in walls of Micrococcus sp. 2102

1978 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Heptinstall ◽  
J Coley ◽  
P J Ward ◽  
A R Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Sugar Phosphate ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Homogeneous Product ◽  
A Chain

1. Protein-free walls of Micrococcus sp. 2102 contain peptidoglycan, poly-(N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) and small amounts of glycerol phosphate. 2. After destruction of the poly-(N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) with periodate, the glycerol phosphate remains attached to the wall, but can be removed by controlled alkaline hydrolysis. The homogeneous product comprises a chain of three glycerol phosphates and an additional phosphate residue. 3. The poly-(N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) is attached through its terminal phosphate to one end of the tri(glycerol phosphate). 4. The other end of the glycerol phosphate trimer is attached through its terminal phosphate to the 3-or 4-position of an N-acetylglucosamine. It is concluded that the sequence of residues in the sugar 1-phosphate polymer-peptidoglycan complex is: (N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate)24-(glycerol phosphate)3-N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate-muramic acid (in peptidoglycan). Thus in this organism the phosphorylated wall polymer is attached to the peptidoglycan of the wall through a linkage unit comprising a chain of three glycerol phosphate residues and an N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate, similar to or identical with the linkage unit in Staphylococcus aureus H.

scholarly journals Surface Glycopolymers Are Crucial forIn VitroAnti-Wall Teichoic Acid IgG-Mediated Complement Activation and Opsonophagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 4247-4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ho Lee ◽  
Na-Hyang Kim ◽  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Kenji Kurokawa ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Cell Envelopes

ABSTRACTThe cell envelopes of many Gram-positive bacteria contain wall teichoic acids (WTAs).Staphylococcus aureusWTAs are composed of ribitol phosphate (RboP) or glycerol phosphate (GroP) backbones substituted withd-alanine andN-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) orN-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc). Two WTA glycosyltransferases, TarM and TarS, are responsible for modifying the RboP WTA with α-GlcNAc and β-GlcNAc, respectively. We recently reported that purified human serum anti-WTA IgG specifically recognizes β-GlcNAc of the staphylococcal RboP WTA and then facilitates complement C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis ofS. aureuslaboratory strains. This prompted us to examine whether anti-WTA IgG can induce C3 deposition on a diverse set of clinicalS. aureusisolates. To this end, we compared anti-WTA IgG-mediated C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis abilities using 13 different staphylococcal strains. Of note, the majority ofS. aureusstrains tested was recognized by anti-WTA IgG, resulting in C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis. A minority of strains was not recognized by anti-WTA IgG, which correlated with either extensive capsule production or an alteration in the WTA glycosylation pattern. Our results demonstrate that the presence of WTAs with TarS-mediated glycosylation with β-GlcNAc in clinically isolatedS. aureusstrains is an important factor for induction of anti-WTA IgG-mediated C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis.

scholarly journals Glycosylation of Staphylococcus aureus cell wall teichoic acid is influenced by environmental conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noëlle Mistretta ◽  
Marina Brossaud ◽  
Fabienne Telles ◽  
Violette Sanchez ◽  
Philippe Talaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid

scholarly journals Wall teichoic acid protects Staphylococcus aureus from inhibition by Congo red and other dyes

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2143-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suzuki ◽  
J. Campbell ◽  
Y. Kim ◽  
J. G. Swoboda ◽  
E. Mylonakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Biofilm Formation-Defective Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Tu Quoc ◽  
Pierre Genevaux ◽  
Maria Pajunen ◽  
Harri Savilahti ◽  
Costa Georgopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus produces biofilm and this mode of colonization facilitates infections that are often difficult to treat and engender high morbidity and mortality. We have exploited bacteriophage Mu transposition methods to create an insertional mutant library in a highly biofilm-forming S. aureus clinical isolate. Our screen identified 38 insertions in 23 distinct genes together with one intergenic region that significantly reduced biofilm formation. Nineteen insertions were mapped in loci not previously known to affect biofilm in this organism. These include insertions in codY, srrA, mgrA, and fmtA, a putative DEAD-box helicase, two members of the zinc-metallo-β lactamase/β-CASP family, and a hypothetical protein with a GGDEF motif. Fifteen insertions occurred in the icaADBC operon, which produces intercellular adhesion antigen (PIA) and is important for biofilm formation in many strains of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Obtaining a high proportion of independent Em-Mu disruptions in icaADBC demonstrated both the importance of PIA for biofilm formation in this clinical strain and the strong validation of the screening procedure that concomitantly uncovered additional mutants. All non-ica mutants were further analyzed by immunoblotting and biochemical fractionation for perturbation of PIA and wall teichoic acid. PIA levels were diminished in the majority of non-ica insertional mutants. Three mutant strains were chosen and were functionally complemented for restored biofilm formation by transformation with plasmids carrying the cloned wild-type gene under the control of a xylose-inducible promoter. This is a comprehensive collection of biofilm-defective mutants that underscores the multifactorial genetic program underlying the establishment of biofilm in this insidious pathogen.

scholarly journals Selection and Characterization of Phage-Resistant Mutant Strains of Listeria monocytogenes Reveal Host Genes Linked to Phage Adsorption

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (13) ◽  
pp. 4295-4305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Denes ◽  
Henk C. den Bakker ◽  
Jeffrey I. Tokman ◽  
Claudia Guldimann ◽  
Martin Wiedmann
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Phage Resistant Mutant

ABSTRACTListeria-infecting phages are readily isolated fromListeria-containing environments, yet little is known about the selective forces they exert on their host. Here, we identified that two virulent phages, LP-048 and LP-125, adsorb to the surface ofListeria monocytogenesstrain 10403S through different mechanisms. We isolated and sequenced, using whole-genome sequencing, 69 spontaneous mutant strains of 10403S that were resistant to either one or both phages. Mutations from 56 phage-resistant mutant strains with only a single mutation mapped to 10 genes representing five loci on the 10403S chromosome. An additional 12 mutant strains showed two mutations, and one mutant strain showed three mutations. Two of the loci, containing seven of the genes, accumulated the majority (n= 64) of the mutations. A representative mutant strain for each of the 10 genes was shown to resist phage infection through mechanisms of adsorption inhibition. Complementation of mutant strains with the associated wild-type allele was able to rescue phage susceptibility for 6 out of the 10 representative mutant strains. Wheat germ agglutinin, which specifically binds toN-acetylglucosamine, bound to 10403S and mutant strains resistant to LP-048 but did not bind to mutant strains resistant to only LP-125. We conclude that mutant strains resistant to only LP-125 lack terminalN-acetylglucosamine in their wall teichoic acid (WTA), whereas mutant strains resistant to both phages have disruptive mutations in their rhamnose biosynthesis operon but still possessN-acetylglucosamine in their WTA.

scholarly journals Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Governs Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Winstel ◽  
Petra Kühner ◽  
Ferdinand Salomon ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
Robert Skov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Key Factor

ABSTRACT Nasal colonization by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). However, the precise mechanisms that govern WTA-mediated nasal colonization have remained elusive. Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. Depending on the S. aureus strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many S. aureus strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. Strikingly, a lack of WTA glycosylation significantly abrogated the ability of MRSA to colonize cotton rat nares in vivo. These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates S. aureus nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating S. aureus nasal colonization in the future. IMPORTANCE Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for S. aureus nasal colonization. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate S. aureus nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate S. aureus nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community.

scholarly journals Wall Teichoic Acid Protects Staphylococcus aureus against Antimicrobial Fatty Acids from Human Skin

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (13) ◽  
pp. 4482-4484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kohler ◽  
Christopher Weidenmaier ◽  
Andreas Peschel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Skin Colonization ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acids

ABSTRACT Skin-colonizing gram-positive bacteria produce wall teichoic acids (WTAs) or related glycopolymers for unclear reasons. Using a WTA-deficient Staphylococcus aureus mutant, we demonstrated that WTA confers resistance to antimicrobial fatty acids from human sebaceous glands by preventing fatty acid binding. Thus, WTA is probably important for bacterial skin colonization.

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