scholarly journals Carbohydrase activities in the bovine digestive tract

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Uniform Pattern ◽  
Maltase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Sucrase

1. The carbohydrase activities of homogenates of mucosa from the abomasum, small intestine, caecum and colon, and of the pancreas of cattle were studied. 2. The disaccharidase activities were located mainly in the small intestine and showed a non-uniform pattern of distribution along the small intestine; trehalase activity was highest in the proximal part, lactase and cellobiase activities were highest in the proximal and middle parts and maltase activity was highest in the distal part. 3. The intestinal lactase and cellobiase activities were highest in the young calf and decreased with age, whereas the intestinal maltase and trehalase activities, which were very low compared with the lactase activity, did not change with age. 4. No intestinal sucrase or palatinase activity was detected in the calf or in the adult cow. 5. Homogenates of intestinal mucosa also exhibited amylase and dextranase activity. 6. Homogenates of the pancreas possessed a strong amylase activity and a weak maltase activity. The maltase activity did not change with age, whereas the amylase activity increased with age. 7. No marked differences were observed between the carbohydrase activities of calves fed solely on milk and those of calves given a concentrate–hay diet from 6 weeks of age.

Impact of Enterococcus faecium on specific activity of disaccharidases in small intestine of gnotobiotic pigs

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Buleca ◽  
Soňa Gancarčíková ◽  
Rudolf Žitňan ◽  
Radomíra Nemcová ◽  
Alojz Bomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Maltase Activity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Gnotobiotic Pigs ◽  
Saccharase Activity

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to study the changes in the activity of disaccharidase enzymes (lactase. maltase, saccharase) in the small intestine of gnotobiotic pigs aged 0–35 days and inoculated with Enterococcus faecium. The continual decrease of lactase activity was observed from the 14th day of age up to the end of the experiment. The most significant decrease of specific lactase activity in the duodenum (2.1 µmol/mg protein/hour) was noted from the 21st to the 28th day of age. On the other hand, the specific saccharase activity increased moderately during the post weaning period and maltase activity maintained a constant level.

scholarly journals Activities of enzymes of the pancreas, and the lumen and mucosa of the small intestine in growing broiler cockerels fed on tannin-containing diets

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Ahmed ◽  
R. Smithard ◽  
M. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Pancreas Weight ◽  
Vegetable Tannins

Diets containing vegetable tannins, predominantly hydrolysable gallotannins, at levels of 13.5, 25 and 50 g/kg were fed to growing broiler cockerels to examine their effect on enzymes in the pancreas, the intestinal lumen and the intestinal mucosa. Pancreas weight per unit live weight showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase with increasing level of dietary tannin while that of the liver remained unaffected. Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activities in the pancreas of birds fed at the highest level of tannins were more than double those from birds fed on a tannin-free control diet. In the intestinal lumen inhibition of trypsin activity increased with increasing level of dietary tannin; α-amylase activity was inhibited at intermediate tannin levels but was restored at the highest level. Dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.11) and sucrose α-glucosidase (disaccharidase) (EC 3.2.1.48) in the intestinal mucosa were both inhibited by tannins. Growth of the birds and digestibility of nitrogen were adversely affected by the tannin-containing diets.

Essential fatty acid deficiency in mice impairs lactose digestion

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. G605-G613 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lukovac ◽  
E. L. Los ◽  
F. Stellaard ◽  
E. H. H. M. Rings ◽  
H. J. Verkade
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Fat Malabsorption ◽  
Small Intestinal

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in mice induces fat malabsorption. We previously reported indications that the underlying mechanism is located at the level of the intestinal mucosa. We have investigated the effects of EFA deficiency on small intestinal morphology and function. Mice were fed an EFA-deficient or control diet for 8 wk. A 72-h fat balance, the EFA status, and small intestinal histology were determined. Carbohydrate absorptive and digestive capacities were assessed by stable isotope methodology after administration of [U-13C]glucose and [1-13C]lactose. The mRNA expression and enzyme activity of lactase, and concentrations of the EFA linoleic acid (LA) were measured in small intestinal mucosa. Mice fed the EFA-deficient diet were markedly EFA-deficient with a profound fat malabsorption. EFA deficiency did not affect the histology or proliferative capacity of the small intestine. Blood [13C6]glucose appearance and disappearance were similar in both groups, indicating unaffected monosaccharide absorption. In contrast, blood appearance of [13C]glucose, originating from [1-13C]lactose, was delayed in EFA-deficient mice. EFA deficiency profoundly reduced lactase activity (−58%, P < 0.01) and mRNA expression (−55%, P < 0.01) in mid-small intestine. Both lactase activity and its mRNA expression strongly correlated with mucosal LA concentrations ( r = 0.77 and 0.79, respectively, P < 0.01). EFA deficiency in mice inhibits the capacity to digest lactose but does not affect small intestinal histology. These data underscore the observation that EFA deficiency functionally impairs the small intestine, which in part may be mediated by low LA levels in the enterocytes.

POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF β-GLUCURONIDASE IN THE JEJUNUM AND ILEUM OF RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Heringová ◽  
V. Jirsová ◽  
O. Koldovský
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity

β-Glucuronidase activity in the homogenates of the mucosa of the small intestine is higher in the distal than in the proximal third of the intestine between the 4th and 17th postnatal day in rats. Activity falls proximally up to day 20, while distally, activity rises from birth up to day 15 and then falls rapidly up to day 20 (20×). Starting from day 20, activity is the same proximally and distally. β-Glucuronidase (expressed as changes of total activity per third of the small intestine) changes during the postnatal development very little in the proximal part; the greatest changes occur in the distal part.Adrenalectomy, performed on day 15, inhibits the normal decrease in activity seen in the distal part on day 19.

Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan biawak air (Varanus salvator) (Reptil: Varanidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Excessive hunting and poaching for commercial purpose of Varanus salvator in Indonesia can cause a decline in this animal population. However, the scientific information of this animal especially about the biologic of organ system is rarely reported. Therefore, this case opens up opportunities for researching, which aims to study the anatomy of digestive tract of water monitor macroscopically. This research has been conducted in Biology Laboratory, University of Muhammadiyah Kupang for 5 months from March to August 2016. The digestive organ of this animal that has been preserved in alcohol 70% was obtained before from two males of water monitors. Preservation process: the animal were anesthetized, exsanguinated, and fixated in 4 paraformaldehyde by tissue perfusion method. Observations were performed to the visceral site and morphometrical of digestive tract. The resulted data was analysed descriptively and presented in tables and figures. The digestive tract of water monitor consist of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and cloaca. The dimension of each organ is different based on its structures and functions. The esophagus of water monitor connects the mouth cavity and the stomach and also as the entrance of food to the stomach. Water monitor stomach were found in cranial part of abdomen, in left side of liver. The small intestine was longer than stomach and it is a winding muscular tube in abdomen in posterior side of liver. The large intestine consist of colon and cloaca, while cecum was not found. This channel was extend lateromedially in abdomen to cloaca between left and right kidneys. The cloaca was the end of digestive tract which excreted feces and urine. From this research, we can conclude that the digestive tract of water monitor consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It’s difficult to differentiate small intestine and large intestine because there are no cecum.

scholarly journals Biodistribution of the radiophamarceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) after massive small bowel resection in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dâmaso de Araújo Chacon ◽  
Irami Araújo-Filho ◽  
Arthur Villarim-Neto ◽  
Amália Cínthia Meneses Rêgo ◽  
Ítalo Medeiros Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Massive Resection ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Misleading Interpretation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biodistribution of sodium pertecnetate (Na99mTcO4) in organs and tissues, the morphometry of remnant intestinal mucosa and ponderal evolution in rats subjected to massive resection of the small intestine. METHODS: Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The short bowel (SB) group was subjected to massive resection of the small intestine; the control group (C) rats were not operated on, and soft intestinal handling was performed in sham rats. The animals were weighed weekly. On the 30th postoperative day, 0.l mL of Na99mTcO4, with mean activity of 0.66 MBq was injected intravenously into the orbital plexus. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed with an overdose of anesthetic, and fragments of the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, thyroid, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, muscle, femur and brain were harvested. The biopsies were washed with 0.9% NaCl.,The radioactivity was counted using Gama Counter WizardTM 1470, PerkinElmer. The percentage of radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was calculated. Biopsies of the remaining jejunum were analysed by HE staining to obtain mucosal thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in %ATI/g of the Na99mTcO4 in the organs of the groups studied (p>0.05). An increase in the weight of the SB rats was observed after the second postoperative week. The jejunal mucosal thickness of the SB rats was significantly greater than that of C and sham rats (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In rats with experimentally-produced short bowel syndrome, an adaptive response by the intestinal mucosa reduced weight loss. The biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 was not affected by massive intestinal resection, suggesting that short bowel syndrome is not the cause of misleading interpretation, if an examination using this radiopharmaceutical is indicated.

scholarly journals Stratigraphic revision and reconstruction of the deep-sea fan of the Voirons Flysch (Voirons Nappe, Chablais Prealps)

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Ragusa ◽  
Lina Maria Ospina-Ostios ◽  
Pascal Kindler ◽  
Mario Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Stratigraphic Record ◽  
Sea Fan ◽  
Stratigraphic Evolution ◽  
Depositional Setting

AbstractThe Voirons Flysch (Caron in Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 69:297–308, 1976), is a flysch sequence aggregated into the sedimentary accretionary prism of the Chablais and Swiss Prealps. Its palaeogeographic location is still debated (South Piemont or Valais realm). We herein present a stratigraphic revision of the westernmost unit of the former Gurnigel Nappe sensu Caron (Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 69:297–308, 1976): the Voirons Flysch. This flysch is subdivided into three lithostratigraphic units at the formation level (the Voirons Sandstone, the Vouan Conglomerate, the Boëge Marl), with an additional unit (Bruant Sandstone) of uncertain attribution, ranging from the early Eocene to probably the late Eocene. We further propose a new model of the depositional setting of the deep-sea of the Voirons Flysch based on palaeocurrent directions, the overall geometry and sedimentary features. This model depicts an eastward deflected deep-sea fan. The stratigraphic record of the proximal part of this fan is fairly complete in the Voirons area, whereas its most distal part is only represented by one small exposure of thinly bedded sandstones in the Fenalet quarry. The stratigraphic evolution of the Voirons Flysch shows two major disruptions of the detrital sedimentation at the transition between Voirons Sandstone—Vouan Conglomerate and Vouan Conglomerate—Boëge Marl. The cause of these disturbances has to be constrained in the framework of the palaeogeographic location of the Voirons Flysch.

Carbohydrase activity in the pancreatic tissue and small intestine mucosa of sheep fed dried-grass or ground maize-based diets

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Janes ◽  
T. E. C. Weekes ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestine Mucosa ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Small Intestinal

SummaryTwo groups of six sheep were fed either dried-grass or ground maize-based diets for at least 4 weeks before slaughter. Samples of the small intestinal mucosa and spancreatic tissue were assayed for a-amylase, glucoamylase, maltase and oligo-l,6-glucosidase.The pancreatic tissue contained high activities of α-amylase and much lower activities of glucoamylase, maltase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase. There was no effect of diet on the specific activities of any of these enzymes in the pancreatic tissue.The activity of α-amylase adsorbed on to the mucosa of the small intestine was greatest in the proximal region of the small intestine, the activity generally declining with increasing distance away from the pylorus. There was no diet effect on the absorbed α-amylase activity.Similar patterns of distribution along the small intestine were observed for maltase, glucoamylase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase with the highest activities in t he jejunum. There was no overall effect of diet on glucoamylase or maltase specific activities and glucoamylase total activity, although the total activities of maltase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase were significantly greater for the sheep fed the ground maize-based diet (P < 0·05).It is suggested that ruminant animals may be capable of digesting large amounts of starch in the small intestine through an adaptation in the activity of the host carbohydrases.

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