scholarly journals Performance enhancement?: Gene doping

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Andy Miah
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Gene Doping ◽  
The World

Over the last 5 years, the world of elite sport has spent a considerable amount of time and money investigating the science behind the next generation of performance enhancements, i.e. genetic enhancement. While scientists are still struggling to develop effective therapeutic interventions based on gene transfer, it is anticipated that athletes will soon try to use the same science to enhance their performances. Some have even argued that it is happening already.

Gene doping

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D.R. Harridge ◽  
Cristiana P. Velloso
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Gene Doping ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
New Challenges

Gene doping is the misuse of gene therapy to enhance athletic performance. It has recently been recognised as a potential threat and subsequently been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Despite concerns with safety and efficacy of gene therapy, the technology is progressing steadily. Many of the genes/proteins which are involved in determining key components of athletic performance have been identified. Naturally occurring mutations in humans as well as gene-transfer experiments in adult animals have shown that altered expression of these genes does indeed affect physical performance. For athletes, however, the gains in performance must be weighed against the health risks associated with the gene-transfer process, whereas the detection of such practices will provide new challenges for the anti-doping authorities.

scholarly journals An Understanding of the Global Status of Major Bacterial Pathogens of Milk Concerning Bovine Mastitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Scientometrics)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Kuralayanapalya P. Suresh ◽  
Kavitha S. Jayamma ◽  
Bibek R. Shome ◽  
Sharanagouda S. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence

In this study, the major mastitis pathogen prevalence in the cattle and buffalo of the world was estimated by a meta-analysis. Staphylococcus (S) species, Streptococcus (St) species, and Escherichia coli (Ec) prevalence studies reported during 1979–2019 were collected using online databases, and offline resources. A meta-analysis of these data was done with the meta package in R-Software. The Staphylococcus aureus was the major mastitis pathogen, mostly causing subclinical mastitis, Ec causing clinical mastitis and St causing subclinical and clinical mastitis. The pooled prevalence estimates of S, St, and Ec were 28%, 12%, and 11% in the world from 156, 129, and 92 studies, respectively. The S, St, and Ec prevalences were high in Latin America (51%), Oceania (25%), and Oceania (28%), respectively. Higher S, St, and Ec prevalences were observed by molecular methods, signifying high sensitivity and usefulness for future studies. Among bacterial species, S. aureus (25%) followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (20%), Escherichia coli (11%), St. agalactiae (9%), St. uberis (9%) were the important pathogens present in the milk of the world. We hypothesize that there is a urgent need to reduce mastitis pathogen prevalence by ensuring scientific farm management practices, proper feeding, therapeutic interventions to augment profits in dairying, and improving animal and human health.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Players in the Interplay between Adipose Tissue and Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Francesca Reggiani ◽  
Paolo Falvo ◽  
Francesco Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Adipose Cells

The incidence and severity of obesity are rising in most of the world. In addition to metabolic disorders, obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence and severity of a variety of types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC). The bidirectional interaction between BC and adipose cells has been deeply investigated, although the molecular and cellular players involved in these mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated. Here, we review the current knowledge on these interactions and describe how preclinical research might be used to clarify the effects of obesity over BC progression and morbidity, with particular attention paid to promising therapeutic interventions.

WADA and Doping in World Sport

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Governance ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Regulatory Powers ◽  
Second World

Performance enhancement in sport has a long and controversial history. Although several organizations enacted prohibitions on the subject of doping prior to the Second World War, public scrutiny on the issue remained relatively light until the second half of the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1960s, officials passed a number of regulatory measures with the twin goals of protecting the health of athletes and ensuring the fairness of competitions. Due partially to the effects of Cold War political rivalries, the use of drugs by athletes nevertheless remained widespread in the world of sport. This policy situation changed dramatically with the end of the superpower conflict in 1991, however. The following decade was marked by increasingly vociferous calls for reform from outside the international governance structure for sport. In February of 1999, regulatory powers over the subject were centralized in a new organization called the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

Probabilistic State Estimation Based Scheduling Approach for Cloud Computing

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1053-1057
Author(s):  
Gui De Zheng ◽  
Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Grid Computing ◽  
State Estimation ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Application Model ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
The World

The next generation of scientific experiments and studies are being carried out by large collaborations of researchers distributed around the world engaged in analysis of huge collections of data generated by scientific instruments. Grid computing has emerged as an enabler for such collaborations as it aids communities in sharing resource to achieve common objective. This paper defines the problem of scheduling distributed data-intensive application on to Gird resource and presents a formal resource and application model for the problem.

scholarly journals LICENSED ANTHRAX VACCINES AND EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATIONS AT THE STAGE OF CLINICAL TRIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 112-126
Author(s):  
N. I. Mikshis ◽  
P. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. P. Semakova ◽  
V. V. Kutyrev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

High pathogenicity of anthrax agent combined with unique insensitivity of its spore forms to environmental stresses class it among extremely dangerous biological agents. Registered and effectively used anthrax vaccines made invaluable contribution to the improvement of epidemiological situation around the world. Nevertheless, neglect of non-specific prophylaxis may result in dramatic scenarios and require large-scale measures on rectification of the consequences. Efforts on the development of next-generation vaccines are aimed at safety build-up, decrease in frequency of administration, and enhancement of manufacturing technologies. The review contains the key information on licensed anthrax vaccines designed for medical use, both in the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad. Among multiple experimental developments emphasized have been preparations manufactured by various biopharmaceutical companies in compliance with GMP standards, at different phases of clinical trials in 2016.

scholarly journals Axiological Evaluation as the Base of Knowledge and Cultural Research of Spanish and Uzbek Languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3755-3759 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Mutual Relations

Language and speech are the main factors in human life. Language is a spiritual wealth which connects all generations, preserves and saves cultural and scientific property created by humanity, furnishing them for the next generation. Developing mutual relations in various spheres among the nations of the world needs new scientific researches in modern spheres and the field of linguistics, such as culture-oriented linguistics, ethno linguistics. All nations in the world have their own national-cultural traditions and customs which is worth studying in order to have successful communication between nations and understanding them.

scholarly journals It’s Virtually Summer, Can the Zoo Come to You? Zoo Summer School Engagement in an Online Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-635
Author(s):  
Ellie Helen Cozens-Keeble ◽  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
Abigail Newman ◽  
Marianne Sarah Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Nature Appreciation ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Setting

Zoological collections are rapidly changing from a place of entertainment to centers of education. Many zoological collections run holiday and weekend clubs with activities aimed at inspiring and enthusing the next generation. The COVID-19 pandemic saw zoological collections across the world closing, leading a need for alternative educational content. Edinburgh Zoo, UK converted their summer school to a virtual provision. This provided a unique opportunity to determine the effectiveness of online zoological education by investigating if engagement levels differ for family groups when education is ‘live’, ‘recorded’ or ‘activity’ based. A total of 235 participants signed up for the Virtual Summer School, which comprised of 46 separate activities. Submissions, comments and polls were coded for content level and activity type. Results show that the overall engagement was higher for the live sessions compared to the recorded content; however, the content level was higher for activities. Content level increased over the week and there was a higher reported nature appreciation at the end of the Virtual Summer School. These findings provided evidence to suggest that online holiday zoo education can engage and inspire and gives insight on how to maximize the engagement and knowledge acquisition when using these online platforms.

scholarly journals H.M. ARIEF MAHYA: ULAMA, PEJUANG, DAN TOKOH PENDIDIKAN LAMPUNG (1926-Sekarang)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Iim Imadudin
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap kiprah dan pemikiran dari salah seorang ulama terkemuka yang berasal dari Lampung, yaitu H.M. Arief Mahya. Ulama Lampung kelahiran Gedungasin Liwa 6 Juni 1926 ini adalah saksi dari peralihan kolonialisme ke zaman revolusi kemerdekaan, terus berlanjut ke masa pembangunan dan reformasi. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitianmemperlihatkan bahwa H.M. Arief Mahya bukan hanya ulama yang mengembangkan dakwah di kalangan umat, namun juga pendidik yang telah melahirkan generasiLampung berikutnya. Selain itu, ia turut berjuang dalam upaya mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Ia pernah menjadi pimpinan Hizbullah melawan kolonialisme yang hendak merebut kemerdekaan. Selain berjuang secara fisik, ia juga mencurahkan pemikiran melalui media publik, seperti surat kabar. Ciri pokok dari tokoh Lampung ini adalah konsistensinya untuk terus berjuang di jalan yang diyakininya. Betapapun dunia sudah berubah dan terjadi krisis nilai, ia terus istiqomah melanjutkan kiprahnya mendidik umat. AbstractThis study aims to reveal the gait and the thought of one of the leading scholars from Lampung, namely KH M. Arief Mahya. Theologian Lampung who was born at Gedungasin Liwa on June 6, 1926 is the witness of the transition era of colonialism to independence revolution and continues to the development and reformation era. This study uses historical method consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that KH M. Arief Mahya was not only a scholar who developed the message among the people, but also an educator who had bridged to the next generation of Lampung. In addition, he participated in the effort tomaintain the independence struggle. He was once the leader of Hizbullah against colonialism who want to snatch the independence. Besides physically struggling, he also devoted ideas through public media, such as newspapers. The main characteristic of this Lampung figure was the consistency to keep fighting in the way he believed. No matter how the world has changed and there was a crisis of value, he persistently continued to educate people.

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