Gene doping

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D.R. Harridge ◽  
Cristiana P. Velloso
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Gene Doping ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
New Challenges

Gene doping is the misuse of gene therapy to enhance athletic performance. It has recently been recognised as a potential threat and subsequently been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Despite concerns with safety and efficacy of gene therapy, the technology is progressing steadily. Many of the genes/proteins which are involved in determining key components of athletic performance have been identified. Naturally occurring mutations in humans as well as gene-transfer experiments in adult animals have shown that altered expression of these genes does indeed affect physical performance. For athletes, however, the gains in performance must be weighed against the health risks associated with the gene-transfer process, whereas the detection of such practices will provide new challenges for the anti-doping authorities.

scholarly journals Nutritional supplements: prevalence of use and contamination with doping agents

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Van Thuyne ◽  
P Van Eenoo ◽  
F. T Delbeke
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Herbal Formulations

AbstractBased upon recent sales numbers, nutritional supplements play a key role in the lifestyle of a substantial proportion of the population. As well as products such as vitamins or minerals, several precursors of anabolic steroids are marketed as nutritional supplements. Another group of commercially available supplements are products for weight loss based upon herbal formulations originating fromEphedraspecies. Apart from supplements indicating the presence of these active compounds, numerous non-hormonal nutritional supplements were found that were contaminated with non-labelled anabolic steroids. Stimulating agents other than naturally occurring analogues of ephedrine were detected. A major group using dietary supplements are sportsmen, ranging from amateur level to elite athletes. Besides the possible health risks associated with the use of dietary supplements, athletes should take care not to violate the rules of the World Anti-Doping Agency because athletes remain responsible for substances detected in their biofluids, irrespective of their origin. Several analytical methods have been developed to determine the presence of doping agents as contaminants. The present review attempts to address the issues concerning the use of nutritional supplements and the detection of doping agents as contaminants in dietary supplements.

scholarly journals Performance enhancement?: Gene doping

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Andy Miah
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Gene Doping ◽  
The World

Over the last 5 years, the world of elite sport has spent a considerable amount of time and money investigating the science behind the next generation of performance enhancements, i.e. genetic enhancement. While scientists are still struggling to develop effective therapeutic interventions based on gene transfer, it is anticipated that athletes will soon try to use the same science to enhance their performances. Some have even argued that it is happening already.

scholarly journals A Review of Maximizing Muscle Building Capabilities with Anabolic Enzymes

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Agbons ◽  
Ohis Egbaidomeh
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Gene Doping ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Physiological Variations ◽  
Muscular Effort

Building muscle at a rate faster than the human body would under normal circumstances is of great importance in skills and activities that require intense muscular effort. Although physical training stands as the backbone of muscle building, physiological variations make it an unfair yardstick in measuring individual efforts. Other methods of muscle building such as specialized nutrition and the use of digestive enzymes in breaking down proteins for quick absorption are also commonly used together with physical training. The use of anabolic substances however, has proved more successful than any of the aforementioned methods. Nevertheless, with it come ethical, legal and clinical issues especially in sports. In spite of this, athletes still find ways of circumventing test protocols which has been a major issue for the World Anti-Doping Agency .However, advancements in science have opened the doorway for anabolic enzymes which are the ultimate muscle growers to be more or less, directly manipulated. One method is gene doping which involves altering gene expressions. The future of muscle building lies on man’s ability to decisively alter the functioning of these enzymes directly.

China und Lateinamerika

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (142) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Enrique Dussel Peters
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges

China's socioeconomic accumulation in the last 30 years has been probably one of the most outstanding global developments and has resulted in massive new challenges for core and periphery countries. The article examines how China's rapid and massive integration to the world market has posed new challenges for countries such as Mexico - and most of Latin America - as a result of China's successful exportoriented industrialization. China's accumulation and global integration process does, however, not only question and challenges the export-possibilities in the periphery, but also the global inability to provide energy in the medium term.

Gene Therapy in Fanconi Anemia: A Matter of Time, Safety and Gene Transfer Tool Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Verhoeyen ◽  
Francisco Roman-Rodriguez ◽  
Francois-Loic Cosset ◽  
Camille Levy ◽  
Paula Rio
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Fanconi Anemia

scholarly journals Deepening of In Silico Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Detection RT-qPCR Assays in the Context of New Variants

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Mathieu Gand ◽  
Kevin Vanneste ◽  
Isabelle Thomas ◽  
Steven Van Gucht ◽  
Arnaud Capron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
The Other ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
The World

For 1 year now, the world is undergoing a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The most widely used method for COVID-19 diagnosis is the detection of viral RNA by RT-qPCR with a specific set of primers and probe. It is important to frequently evaluate the performance of these tests and this can be done first by an in silico approach. Previously, we reported some mismatches between the oligonucleotides of publicly available RT-qPCR assays and SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected from GISAID and NCBI, potentially impacting proper detection of the virus. In the present study, 11 primers and probe sets investigated during the first study were evaluated again with 84,305 new SARS-CoV-2 unique genomes collected between June 2020 and January 2021. The lower inclusivity of the China CDC assay targeting the gene N has continued to decrease with new mismatches detected, whereas the other evaluated assays kept their inclusivity above 99%. Additionally, some mutations specific to new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were found to be located in oligonucleotide annealing sites. This might impact the strategy to be considered for future SARS-CoV-2 testing. Given the potential threat of the new variants, it is crucial to assess if they can still be correctly targeted by the primers and probes of the RT-qPCR assays. Our study highlights that considering the evolution of the virus and the emergence of new variants, an in silico (re-)evaluation should be performed on a regular basis. Ideally, this should be done for all the RT-qPCR assays employed for SARS-CoV-2 detection, including also commercial tests, although the primer and probe sequences used in these kits are rarely disclosed, which impedes independent performance evaluation.

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