Leveraging BODIPY nanomaterials for enhanced tumor photothermal therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Ma ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Zhigang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
The Past

In the past ten years, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted widespread attention in tumor treatment due to its non-invasiveness and little side effects. PTT utilize the heat produced by photothermal...

scholarly journals Melanin-Like Nanomedicine in Photothermal Therapy Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Yale Yue ◽  
Xiao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Photothermal Conversion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Photothermal therapy (PTT) mediated by nanomaterial has become an attractive tumor treatment method due to its obvious advantages. Among various nanomaterials, melanin-like nanoparticles with nature biocompatibility and photothermal conversion properties have attracted more and more attention. Melanin is a natural biological macromolecule widely distributed in the body and displays many fascinating physicochemical properties such as excellent biocompatibility and prominent photothermal conversion ability. Due to the similar properties, Melanin-like nanoparticles have been extensively studied and become promising candidates for clinical application. In this review, we give a comprehensive introduction to the recent advancements of melanin-like nanoparticles in the field of photothermal therapy in the past decade. In this review, the synthesis pathway, internal mechanism and basic physical and chemical properties of melanin-like nanomaterials are systematically classified and evaluated. It also summarizes the application of melanin-like nanoparticles in bioimaging and tumor photothermal therapy (PTT)in detail and discussed the challenges they faced in clinical translation rationally. Overall, melanin-like nanoparticles still have significant room for development in the field of biomedicine and are expected to applied in clinical PTT in the future.

Fluorocarbon Precursor for High Aspect Ratio via Milling in Focused Ion Beam Modification of Integrated Circuits

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Ray
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Ion Beam Modification ◽  
The Past

Abstract Gas Assisted Etching (GAE) is the enabling technology for High Aspect Ratio (HAR) circuit access via milling in Focused Ion Beam (FIB) circuit modification. Metal interconnect layers of microelectronic Integrated Circuits (ICs) are separated by Inter-Layer Dielectric (ILD) materials, therefore HAR vias are typically milled in dielectrics. Most of the etching precursor gases presently available for GAE of dielectrics on commercial FIB systems, such as XeF2, Cl2, etc., are also effective etch enhancers for either Si, or/and some of the metals used in ICs. Therefore use of these precursors for via milling in dielectrics may lead to unwanted side effects, especially in a backside circuit edit approach. Making contacts to the polysilicon lines with traditional GAE precursors could also be difficult, if not impossible. Some of these precursors have a tendency to produce isotropic vias, especially in Si. It has been proposed in the past to use fluorocarbon gases as precursors for the FIB milling of dielectrics. Preliminary experimental evaluation of Trifluoroacetic (Perfluoroacetic) Acid (TFA, CF3COOH) as a possible etching precursor for the HAR via milling in the application to FIB modification of ICs demonstrated that highly enhanced anisotropic milling of SiO2 in HAR vias is possible. A via with 9:1 aspect ratio was milled with accurate endpoint on Si and without apparent damage to the underlying Si substrate.

Sending out Biased Signals: an Appropriate Proposition for Pain?

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Besserer-Offroy ◽  
P. Sarret
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Mu Opioid Receptor ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Mu Opioid ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Past

In the past few years, several biased ligands acting at the mu-opioid receptor were reported in the literature. These agonists are aimed at reducing pain while having fewer side effects than morphine, the gold standard of opioid analgesics. In this mini-review, we describe and discuss the recent advances in mu-biased ligands actually in preclinical and clinical development stages, including the latest U.S. Food and Drug Administration review of oliceridine, a biased mu-agonist for moderate to severe acute pain treatment developed by the company Trevena.

Bi19S27I3 nanorods: a new candidate for photothermal therapy in the first and second biological near-infrared windows

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Xiong ◽  
Qinghuan Bian ◽  
Shuijin Lei ◽  
Yatian Deng ◽  
Kehan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Key Factor

Near-infrared (NIR) light induced photothermal cancer therapy using nanomaterials as photothermal agents has attracted considerable research interest over the past few years. As the key factor in the photothermal therapy...

scholarly journals Cardiooncology—dealing with modern drug treatment, long-term complications, and cancer survivorship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia de Wall ◽  
Johann Bauersachs ◽  
Dominik Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
Modern Drug

AbstractModern treatment strategies have improved prognosis and survival of patients with malignant diseases. The key components of tumor treatment are conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Cardiovascular side-effects may occur in the early phase of tumor therapy or even decades later. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of acute and long-lasting cardiac side effects of anti-cancer therapies are essential. Cardiotoxicity impairs quality of life and overall survival. The new cardiologic subspecialty ‘cardio-oncology’ deals with the different cardiovascular problems arising from tumor treatment and the relationship between cancer and heart diseases. Early detection and treatment of cardiotoxicity is of crucial importance. A detailed cardiac assessment of patients prior to administration of cardiotoxic agents, during and after treatment should be performed in all patients. The current review focusses on acute and long-term cardiotoxic side effects of classical cytotoxic and selected modern drug treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses strategies for the diagnosis of treatment-related adverse cardiovascular effects in cancer patients.

THE ORIGINS OF MUSIC: INNATENESS, UNIQUENESS, AND EVOLUTION

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSH McDERMOTT ◽  
MARC HAUSER
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Pitch ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evolution Of Music ◽  
Basic Features

THE ORIGINS and adaptive significance of music, long an elusive target, are now active topics of empirical study, with many interesting developments over the past few years. This article reviews research in anthropology, ethnomusicology, developmental and comparative psychology, neuropsychology, and neurophysiology that bears on questions concerning the origins and evolution of music. We focus on the hypothesis that music perception is constrained by innate, possibly human- and musicspecific principles of organization, as these are candidates for evolutionary explanations. We begin by discussing the distinct roles of different fields of inquiry in constraining claims about innateness and adaptation, and then proceed to review the available evidence. Although research on many of these topics is still in its infancy, at present there is converging evidence that a few basic features of music (relative pitch, the importance of the octave, intervals with simple ratios, tonality, and perhaps elementary musical preferences) are determined in part by innate constraints. At present, it is unclear how many of these constraints are uniquely human and specific to music. Many, however, are unlikely to be adaptations for music, but rather are probably side effects of more general-purpose mechanisms. We conclude by reiterating the significance of identifying processes that are innate, unique to humans, and specific to music, and highlight several possible directions for future research.

scholarly journals How the Lifestyle Leaders View and Manage Medications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 611-612
Author(s):  
Taylor Patskanick ◽  
Julie Miller
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Companies

Abstract Medication management is an ongoing consideration for adults ages 85 and older, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. When asked about their attitudes and behaviors regarding medication management, over 73% of the Lifestyle Leaders reported taking 3+ prescription medications daily and managing their own medication regimes. 61.9% of participants had taken over-the-counter, non-prescription medication for pain over the past five years. When asked why some participants didn’t currently take prescription medications to manage pain, the most frequently-reported responses were: “I don’t feel that my pain warrants a prescription medication,” (19%, n=8), “I don’t want to deal with the side effects,” and “I don’t trust drug companies,” (9.5%, n=4, respectively). The Lifestyle Leaders reported they would be most likely to go to the internet (over their local pharmacist) to ask for advice about their medication(s). Meanwhile, 39% of Lifestyle Leaders would trust a robot to manage their medication(s) for them.

Phototherapy and multimodal imaging of cancers based on perfluorocarbon nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoguo Han ◽  
xianshuang tu ◽  
Lina Qiao ◽  
Yige Sun ◽  
Zibo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Multimodal Imaging

Phototherapy, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) possesses unique characteristics of non-invasiveness and minimal side effects in cancer treatment, compared with conventional therapies. However, the ubiquitous tumor...

The nanomedicine system has successfully inhibited tumor neovascularization using gene silencing, chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and other therapies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Vascular Disruption ◽  
Tumor Neovascularization

Customized nanomedicines can be used in a variety of ways, including angiogenesis suppression, vascular disruption, and vascular infarction. In the angiogenesis suppression approach, VEGF, VEGFR, mTOR, EGFR, bFGF, ROS, and other components have become promising therapeutic targets. The nanomedicine system has successfully inhibited tumor neovascularization using gene silencing, chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and other therapies. In the vascular disruption approach, VDAs supplied by nanomaterials were bonded with the bonding sites of CA4, COL, PTX, and other medications on microtubules to promote rapid disintegration of tumor vascular wall cells. Combining many medicines increased the tumor treatment outcome even more. For example, disruption of tumor blood arteries caused by nanoparticle-mediated physical methods combined with chemotherapy resulted in effective treatment in a large volume tumor model. The vascular infarction methodology uses a variety of carriers, including nanoparticles, DNA nanorobots, platelet membranes, and others, to carry thrombin, tTF, and other drugs to generate local thrombosis and provide safe and effective tumor treatment.

Fluoxetine Efficacy vs Comparative Drugs: An Overview

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (S3) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Lader
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Anticholinergic Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Clinical Action

The tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were discovered accidentally by pharmaceutical chemists seeking first, better antihistamines and then antipsychotic agents. Careful clinical assessment revealed the antidepressant properties and suggested that the closer the patient resembled the classical textbook description of ‘endogenous’ depression, the more likely was an adequate clinical response to occur (Kuhn, 1958). However, it was quickly realised that the TCAs possess a plethora of side-effects, particularly sedation and symptoms related to their anticholinergic effects.Despite much research over the past 25 years, it is unclear how TCAs effect clinical improvement. The two main neurotransmitters involved in some way are noradrenaline (Schildkraut, 1965) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin; Van Praag, 1977). It was proposed that TCAs acted by blocking the reuptake of one or other or both of these neurotransmitters, thereby increasing their concentration in the synaptic cleft. However, as well as these acute effects, chronic effects, such as a decrease in the number of central beta-adrenoceptors (‘down-regulation’) occur, and these are probably more relevant to the clinical action.

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