Regulation of gene transfection by cell size, shape and elongation on micropatterned surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongtao Wang ◽  
Yingjun Yang ◽  
Toru Yoshitomi ◽  
Naoki Kawazoe ◽  
Yingnan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Potential Applications

Gene transfection has been widely studied due to its potential applications in tissue repair and gene therapy. Many studies have focused on designing gene carriers and developing novel transfection techniques....

scholarly journals Biodegradable PEI modified complex micelles as gene carriers with tunable gene transfection efficiency for ECs

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Lv ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xuefang Hao ◽  
Xiangkui Ren ◽  
Yakai Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Coronary Diseases ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Complex Micelles

In recent years, gene therapy has evoked an increasing interest in clinical treatments of coronary diseases because it is a potential strategy to realize rapid endothelialization of artificial vascular grafts.

PGMA-based gene carriers with lipid molecules

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xu ◽  
Bingran Yu ◽  
Hao Hu ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Nizam ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

A series of effective cationic conjugations of lipid molecules with low cytotoxicity and high gene transfection efficiency were readily designed for gene therapy and tumor treatment.

Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Bansal ◽  
Himanshu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Naked Dna

Introduction: Gene therapy has emerged out as a promising therapeutic pave for the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases. Gene transfection into target cells using naked DNA is a simple and safe approach which has been further improved by combining vectors or gene carriers. Both viral and non-viral approaches have achieved a milestone to establish this technique, but non-viral approaches have attained a significant attention because of their favourable properties like less immunotoxicity and biosafety, easy to produce with versatile surface modifications, etc. Literature is rich in evidences which revealed that undoubtedly, non–viral vectors have acquired a unique place in gene therapy but still there are number of challenges which are to be overcome to increase their effectiveness and prove them ideal gene vectors. Conclusion: To date, tissue specific expression, long lasting gene expression system, enhanced gene transfection efficiency has been achieved with improvement in delivery methods using non-viral vectors. This review mainly summarizes the various physical and chemical methods for gene transfer in vitro and in vivo.

Ultrasound molecular imaging-guided tumor gene therapy through dual-targeted cationic microbubbles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2454-2466
Author(s):  
Yingying Liu ◽  
Yuli Zhou ◽  
Jinfeng Xu ◽  
Hui Luo ◽  
Yao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Tumor Gene Therapy ◽  
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging ◽  
Tumor Gene

A novel dual-targeted cationic microbubbles help to improve gene transfection efficiency.

Thymidine kinase-mediated killing of rat brain tumors

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barba ◽  
Joseph Hardin ◽  
Jasodhara Ray ◽  
Fred H. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ganciclovir Treatment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Gene therapy has many potential applications in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including the selective killing of tumor cells in the brain. A rat brain tumor model was used to test the herpes simplex virus (HSV)-thymidine kinase (TK) gene for its ability to selectively kill C6 and 9L tumor cells in the brain following systemic administration of the nucleoside analog ganciclovir. The HSV-TK gene was introduced in vitro into tumor cells (C6-TK and 9L-TK), then these modified tumor cells were evaluated for their sensitivity to cell killing by ganciclovir. In a dose-response assay, both C6-TK and 9L-TK cells were 100 times more sensitive to killing by ganciclovir (median lethal dose: C6-TK, 0.1 µg ganciclovir/ml; C6, 5.0 µg ganciclovir/ml) than unmodified wild-type tumor cells or cultured fibroblasts. In vivo studies confirmed the ability of intraperitoneal ganciclovir administration to kill established brain tumors in rats as quantified by both stereological assessment of brain tumor volumes and studies of animal survival over 90 days. Rats with brain tumors established by intracerebral injection of wild-type or HSV-TK modified tumor cells or by a combination of wild-type and HSV-TK-modified cells were studied with and without ganciclovir treatments. Stereological methods determined that ganciclovir treatment eliminated tumors composed of HSV-TK-modified cells while control tumors grew as expected (p < 0.001). In survival studies, all 10 rats with 9L-TK tumors treated with ganciclovir survived 90 days while all untreated rats died within 25 days. Curiously, tumors composed of combinations of 9L and 9L-TK cells could be eliminated by ganciclovir treatments even when only one-half of the tumor cells carried the HSV-TK gene. While not completely understood, this additional tumor cell killing appears to be both tumor selective and local in nature. It is concluded that HSV-TK gene therapy with ganciclovir treatment does selectively kill tumor cells in the brain and has many potential applications in CNS disorders, including the treatment of cancer.

Potential strategies for cancer gene therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Cancer Gene Therapy ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Cancer Gene ◽  
P Gene

Gene therapy involves transferring genetic material (DNA or RNA) to repair, regulate or replace genes to cure a disease. One of the most crucial barriers is successful delivery of the targeted gene into the target tissue. Various vector-based approaches have been developed to deliver the transgene to the target cells. In different cancers, numerous of these vectors are being developed for purposes such as immunotherapy, suicide gene therapy, microRNA (miRNA) focused treatment, oncogene silencing, and gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9. This article reviews several alternatives to cancer gene therapy, as well as their preclinical and clinical outcomes, possible limitations, and overall therapy effects. Ways of delivering cancer gene therapy include direct methods for introducing genetic material. Nonviral vectors are easy to manufacture and may be chemically modified to increase their usefulness. Cationic polymers such as Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) and Polyethylenimine (PEI-SS) are the most extensively used polycationic polymers for gene transfer, particularly in vitro. Many RNAi-based therapeutic approaches are approaching the clinical stage, and nanocarriers are likely to play a crucial role in treating specific cancers. In the previous decade, non-viral approaches were used in more than 17 percent of all gene therapy trials. The message is that this is a safe and effective technique for transferring genes to cancer patients who need it to be a safe, successful therapy. Exosomes were developed to carry oncogene-specific short interfering RNA. Sushrut and colleagues revealed that exosomes provide superior carriers of short RNA and prevent tumor growth than liposomes. Inhalation-based gene therapy (aerosol-mediated gene delivery) has gained pace as a feasible treatment approach, especially for lung cancer. Because the intended transgene is steered to specific cells/tissues, this should further increase therapeutic efficiency.

Clinical Development of Cell Therapies to Halt Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Results and Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Graceffa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Lysosomal Storage Diseases ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Storage Diseases

: Although cross-correction was discovered more than 50 years ago, and held the promise of drastically improving disease management, still no cure exists for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Cell therapies hold the potential to halt disease progression: either a subset of autologous cells can be ex vivo/ in vivo transfected with the functional gene or allogenic wild type stem cells can be transplanted. However, majority of cell-based attempts have been ineffective, due to the difficulties in reversing neuronal symptomatology, in finding appropriate gene transfection approaches, in inducing immune tolerance, reducing the risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) when allogenic cells are used and that of immune response when engineered viruses are administered, coupled with a limited secretion and uptake of some enzymes. In the last decade, due to advances in our understanding of lysosomal biology and mechanisms of cross-correction, coupled with progresses in gene therapy, ongoing pre-clinical and clinical investigations have remarkably increased. Even gene editing approaches are currently under clinical experimentation. This review proposes to critically discuss and compare trends and advances in cell-based and gene therapy for LSDs. Systemic gene delivery and transplantation of allogenic stem cells will be initially discussed, whereas proposed brain targeting methods will be then critically outlined.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: The Emerging Roles in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Progression of Diseases and Tissue Repair

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Neelam Shah ◽  
Bruna Zanetti ◽  
Marco Maugeri ◽  
Renata Silvestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed micro- and nano-sized vesicles that are secreted from almost every species, ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and from almost every cell type studied so far. EVs contain repertoire of bioactive molecules such as proteins (including enzymes and transcriptional factors), lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids including DNA, coding and non-coding RNAs. The secreted EVs are taken up by neighboring cells where they release their content in recipient cells, or can sail through body fluids to reach distant organs. Since EVs transport bioactive cargo between cells, they have emerged as novel mediators of extra- and intercellular activities in local microenvironment and inter-organ communications distantly. Herein, we review the activities of EV-associated matrix-remodeling enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, heparanases, hyaluronidases, aggrecanases, and their regulators such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducers and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as novel means of matrix remodeling in physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss how such EVs act as novel mediators of extracellular matrix degradation to prepare a permissive environment for various pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and metabolic diseases. Additionally, the roles of EV-mediated matrix remodeling in tissue repair and their potential applications as organ therapies have been reviewed. Collectively, this knowledge could benefit the development of new approaches for tissue engineering.

Coacervate microdroplet protocells-mediated gene transfection for nitric oxide production and induction of cell apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Wen Zhang ◽  
Yu Yao ◽  
Songyang Liu ◽  
Yufeng Chen ◽  
Shaohong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Cargo Delivery

Liquid coacervate microdroplets have been widely explored as membrane-free compartment protocells for cargo delivery in therapeutic applications. In this study, coacervate protocells were developed as gene carriers for transfection of...

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