scholarly journals Exploring the validity of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled water using nanomolecular probes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Berkowicz ◽  
Fivos Perakis
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
The Many

The breakdown of Stokes-Einstein relation in liquid water is one of the many anomalies that take place upon cooling and indicates the decoupling of diffusion and viscosity. It is hypothesized...

scholarly journals Experiments on the Growth of Spongy Ice Near a Stagnant Point

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (123) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S.H. Lock ◽  
I.B. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Stagnant Point ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Ice Fraction

AbstractThe paper presents experimental observations on the growth of spongy ice in the vicinity of the forward stagnation point of a disc situated in a cross flow containing supercooled water droplets. Following some preliminary observations, the discussion focuses on two quantities: the ice fraction and the rate of growth of the accretion. The data presented reveal the effects of air speed, air temperature, liquid-water content, and salinity. They also suggest two morphological regimes: at higher air temperatures, the growth appeared to be crystalline columnar; at lower temperatures, smaller crystals appeared to be randomly distributed, producing a mushy accretion.

scholarly journals Measurements of the Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Water Using Infrared Spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1724-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Cantrell ◽  
Eli Ochshorn ◽  
Alexander Kostinski ◽  
Keith Bozin
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Quantitative Change ◽  
Wetting Transition ◽  
Higher Temperature

Abstract Measurements are presented of the vapor pressure of supercooled water utilizing infrared spectroscopy, which enables unambiguous verification that the authors’ data correspond to the vapor pressure of liquid water, not a mixture of liquid water and ice. Values of the vapor pressure are in agreement with previous work. Below −13°C, the water film that is monitored to determine coexistence of liquid water (at one temperature) and ice (at another, higher, temperature) de-wets from the hydrophilic silicon prism employed in the authors’ apparatus. The de-wetting transition indicates a quantitative change in the structure of the supercooled liquid.

scholarly journals Structure and Statistical Analysis of the Microphysical Properties of Generating Cells in the Comma Head Region of Continental Winter Cyclones

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 4181-4203 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Plummer ◽  
Greg M. McFarquhar ◽  
Robert M. Rauber ◽  
Brian F. Jewett ◽  
David C. Leon
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Cells

Abstract This paper presents analyses of the microphysical structure of cloud-top convective generating cells at temperatures between −10° and −55°C across the comma head of 11 continental cyclones, using data collected by the W-band Wyoming Cloud Radar and in situ instrumentation aboard the National Science Foundation (NSF)/NCAR C-130. A case study of one cyclone is presented, followed by statistical analyses of the entire dataset. Ice particle number concentrations averaged 1.9 times larger inside generating cells compared to outside, and derived ice water contents and median mass diameters averaged 2.2 and 1.1 times larger in cells, respectively. Supercooled water was directly measured at temperatures between −31.4° and −11.1°C, with the median and 95th-percentile liquid water content increasing from ~0.09 to 0.12 g m−3 and 0.14 to 0.28 g m−3 over this temperature range, respectively. Liquid water was present in 26% of observations within cells and 18% of observations between cells over the same temperature range, and it was nearly ubiquitous at temperatures above −16°C. The larger ice particle concentrations in cells are consistent with greater ice production in convective updrafts. The increased mass and diameter of the ice particles demonstrate that generating cells provide environments favorable for enhanced particle growth. The impact of water saturation and supercooled water in the cells was evident, with rapid particle growth by diffusion and sometimes riming apparent, in addition to aggregation. Turbulent mixing lessened the observed differences between cells and surrounding regions, with supercooled water observed within and between cells, similar habits within and between cells, and rimed particles evident even in ice-phase conditions.

scholarly journals Experiments on the Growth of Spongy Ice Near a Stagnant Point

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (123) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
G.S.H. Lock ◽  
I.B. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Stagnant Point ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Ice Fraction

AbstractThe paper presents experimental observations on the growth of spongy ice in the vicinity of the forward stagnation point of a disc situated in a cross flow containing supercooled water droplets. Following some preliminary observations, the discussion focuses on two quantities: the ice fraction and the rate of growth of the accretion. The data presented reveal the effects of air speed, air temperature, liquid-water content, and salinity. They also suggest two morphological regimes: at higher air temperatures, the growth appeared to be crystalline columnar; at lower temperatures, smaller crystals appeared to be randomly distributed, producing a mushy accretion.

scholarly journals The violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled water

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (35) ◽  
pp. 12974-12978 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-H. Chen ◽  
F. Mallamace ◽  
C.-Y. Mou ◽  
M. Broccio ◽  
C. Corsaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Einstein Relation

scholarly journals Occurrence, liquid water content, and fraction of supercooled water clouds from combined CALIOP/IIR/MODIS measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Hu ◽  
Sharon Rodier ◽  
Kuan-man Xu ◽  
Wenbo Sun ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content

Understanding the Origin of the Breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein Relation in Supercooled Water at Different Temperature–Pressure Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (47) ◽  
pp. 10089-10099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Dubey ◽  
Shakkira Erimban ◽  
Sandipa Indra ◽  
Snehasis Daschakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Einstein Relation

scholarly journals Relation between the Widom line and the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled water

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (23) ◽  
pp. 9575-9579 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kumar ◽  
S. V. Buldyrev ◽  
S. R. Becker ◽  
P. H. Poole ◽  
F. W. Starr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
Widom Line
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