Opposite Effects for Cations in Enhancing and Suppressing Nucleation of Pathology Crystallization of Gout

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
anqi da ◽  
aijun ren ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Xingde Zhang ◽  
yonglan pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Monosodium Urate

In this paper, we focused on the influence of common serum cations on monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystals nucleation determined from cumulative probability distributions (CPD) of the solute crystal nucleation...

A Comparison of Probability Bounds Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis in Environmentally Benign Design and Manufacture

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Matthew Aughenbaugh ◽  
Scott Duncan ◽  
Christiaan J. J. Paredis ◽  
Bert Bras
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Uncertain Parameters ◽  
Probability Bounds ◽  
Irreducible Uncertainty ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Selection Of

There is growing acceptance in the design community that two types of uncertainty exist: inherent variability and uncertainty that results from a lack of knowledge, which variously is referred to as imprecision, incertitude, irreducible uncertainty, and epistemic uncertainty. There is much less agreement on the appropriate means for representing and computing with these types of uncertainty. Probability bounds analysis (PBA) is a method that represents uncertainty using upper and lower cumulative probability distributions. These structures, called probability boxes or just p-boxes, capture both variability and imprecision. PBA includes algorithms for efficiently computing with these structures under certain conditions. This paper explores the advantages and limitations of PBA in comparison to traditional decision analysis with sensitivity analysis in the context of environmentally benign design and manufacture. The example of the selection of an oil filter involves multiple objectives and multiple uncertain parameters. These parameters are known with varying levels of uncertainty, and different assumptions about the dependencies between variables are made. As such, the example problem provides a rich context for exploring the applicability of PBA and sensitivity analysis to making engineering decisions under uncertainty. The results reveal specific advantages and limitations of both methods. The appropriate choice of an analysis depends on the exact decision scenario.

THE UNDISCOVERED OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL OF AUSTRALIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
B.G. McKAY
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Discovery Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gas Potential

In 1982 Esso Australia completed a fundamental re-assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of Australia. In the seven years since Esso's previous major study there has been a marked upsurge in exploration for hydrocarbons, particularly oil. During this period several hundred wells have been drilled and hundreds of thousands of kilometres of seismic data have been recorded. New discoveries of both oil and gas have been made in several areas. Because of this influx of new data, a re-assessment was considered timely.The assessment utilised computer-based techniques and incorporated improvements in assessment and risk theory. The study involved the identification of more than one hundred individual plays followed by the volumetric and risk assessment of those plays. The risked assessments of the individual plays were then combined to produce an overall assessment for Australia in the form of cumulative probability distributions for oil and gas.The results show that the potential exists in Australia to find a significant volume of additional oil, possibly equivalent to the amount of oil discovered to date. The assessment also indicates a high probability of abundant undiscovered gas.Although the perceived resource base is quite encouraging, no consideration was given in the assessment to operational, economic or political constraints. Consequently there is no discovery time-frame implied within the assessment results. The rate of discovery will be determined by the amount and quality of exploration effort, which in turn will be dictated by the economic and political environment under which industry is allowed to operate.

Influence of Selection Difficulty on the Time Required for Icon Formation

Perception ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
Robert T Solman
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Physical Similarity ◽  
Time Required

By increasing the number of display items and the physical similarity between the target and the irrelevant items it was possible to vary the difficulty of target selection in a visual-search task. The results showed that the accuracy with which the target was located declined as target selection became more difficult. On the other hand, estimates of the cumulative probability and the probability distributions of times necessary to form the icon indicated that these times were not influenced by changes in the difficulty of the task. The latter result supports Neisser's suggestion that the information processing carried out during the first stage of analysis can be attributed to the action of a distinct cognitive mechanism.

scholarly journals Wind Energy Potential for Electricity Production in Hatay, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Cansev Genç ◽  
Abdulla Sakalli ◽  
Ivaylo Stoyanov ◽  
Teodor Iliev ◽  
Grigor Mihaylov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

In this study, we examine Turkey’s Hatay city and some of its districts (Belen, Antakya, Iskenderun, Samandag) and we assessed the possibility of electricity production from wind power plants. The area of Hatay is 5559 km2 that is located in the southernmost part of Turkey and east of the Mediterranean Sea. The accumulated data obtained from Belen- Hatay wind speed data are shown. The seasonal cumulative probability distributions of wind speeds for Belen-Hatay are analysed in the paper. The wind speeds in summer are higher than in the other seasons. As a result, the Belen-Hatay region is a very favourable place in terms of wind and has high wind energy potential. In this region, the hourly wind speeds are higher than 5 m/s and about 70% of occasions at 10 m height above ground level. It is also known that for nine months of the year, the average wind speeds are more than 5 m/s. On the other hand, average monthly wind energy productions are higher than 200W/m2 for eight months of the year.

A Stochastic Dominance Analysis of Alternative Marketing Strategies for Mixed Crop Farms in North Florida

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena A. Anaman ◽  
William G. Boggess
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Dominance ◽  
Futures Markets ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Dominance Analysis ◽  
Mixed Crop ◽  
Forward Contracting

AbstractCumulative probability distributions of income for management scenarios involving four preharvest marketing strategies are subjected to stochastic dominance analysis to determine risk-efficient sets of strategies for different groups of farmers in North Florida. Results indicate that farmers should behave differently in their choice of marketing strategies according to their risk attitudes. Highly risk-averse farmers should prefer some forward contracting while low risk-averse and risk-loving farmers should prefer cash sales at harvest. Use of the futures markets leads to both higher income and greater risk than forward contracting but lower income and risk than cash sales.

scholarly journals Advancing Shannon Entropy for Measuring Diversity in Systems

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rajaram ◽  
B. Castellani ◽  
A. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
Measuring Diversity ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
Science Part

From economic inequality and species diversity to power laws and the analysis of multiple trends and trajectories, diversity within systems is a major issue for science. Part of the challenge is measuring it. Shannon entropy H has been used to rethink diversity within probability distributions, based on the notion of information. However, there are two major limitations to Shannon’s approach. First, it cannot be used to compare diversity distributions that have different levels of scale. Second, it cannot be used to compare parts of diversity distributions to the whole. To address these limitations, we introduce a renormalization of probability distributions based on the notion of case-based entropy Cc as a function of the cumulative probability c. Given a probability density p(x), Cc measures the diversity of the distribution up to a cumulative probability of c, by computing the length or support of an equivalent uniform distribution that has the same Shannon information as the conditional distribution of p^c(x) up to cumulative probability c. We illustrate the utility of our approach by renormalizing and comparing three well-known energy distributions in physics, namely, the Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, and Fermi-Dirac distributions for energy of subatomic particles. The comparison shows that Cc is a vast improvement over H as it provides a scale-free comparison of these diversity distributions and also allows for a comparison between parts of these diversity distributions.

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